powers: the gentleman is asking about the capabilities of the soviet union. did our government think they had that technology? at the time, on or about may 1, they knew the soviets improve their weapon system. -- improved their weapon system. the original missile, the s a one could reach 60,000 feet. for the first four or five years of these flights the planes are flying at 70,000 feet so they were safe. over four years of research and development, they improve their -- the soviets improve their weapon system. on the april 9 mission, prior to the may 1 mission, a photograph was brought back of the essay to 2 base, a new and improved missile being developed in the soviet union. my father's mission parameters for may 1 was where the missile base was shown to be developing. he was to fly over it and find out if it was operational. he found out firsthand it was. [laughter] mr. powers: up until that point they did not think they have the capability. they did not think they were that far ahead. on may 1, when you throw up a -- throw up eight missiles they wrap the r

it was just not me i'm pleased that the soviet union was the country that produced this masterpiece. the lid on the ground ladies and gentlemen these are the sensational signals from space soviet russia has won the competition with the u.s. to put a satellite in orbit. these are the first signals from space. boy . one of my favorite is launching sputnik you gave the world a bucket. of. baikonur is the place from where sputnik one opened the gateway to space on october fourth one nine hundred fifty seven. two years before the historic sputnik flight abroad step was the only thing here besides a lonely train station and camels. it was a god forsaken place until the kremlin decided in one nine hundred fifty five to create an enormous facility for testing nuclear missiles. construction in the wastelands of the step went on a pace that was baikonur in one nine hundred fifty five. more and more military personnel came into the closed region. keeping it all very hush hush was the rule. in the kremlin soviet leader nikita khrushchev and his nuclear weapon strategists were putting their hopes

unusual in the soviet union.ould see people being a little bit uncomfortable. we really going to question us president? it's america, we love that. >> i could be looking out at an american student body, just as i am looking out here, i would not be able to tell the difference. >> by taking the q&a's, he had open people's eyes. he exposed the people, he exposed himself. he came willing to have a conversation, willing to go directly to them and talk to them, talk about their future. their future affected ours as well. while the students perception of the president may have changed -- >> 's resolve to do whatever it took t to defeat communism did not. gorbachev learned that the next morning, when he and reagan reconvened to say theirnv goodb goodbyes. ♪ and stiffness are signs of joint erosion. humira can help stop the clock. prescribed for 15 years, humira targets and blocks a source of inflammation that contributes to joint pain and irreversible damage. humira can lower your ability to fight infections, including

. >> president reagan is now much more eager to meet with the new leader of the soviet union. >> mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> in afghanistan today, soviet troops are reported on the move in several areas, but it is also clear the russians are meeting resistance from muslim tribes men and units of afghanistan's army. >> in 1980 the soviet union had moved into afghanistan. it was in anything raak nicarag. it was in the caribbean. there was a feeling, and i felt it, that the united states could lose the cold war. >> there was a model of behavior during the cold war, and the way i often described it, it was the red side of the map and blue side of the map, separated by the iron curtain. and the rest of the world we competed for. >> that fundamental clash between communism and capitalism, between dictatorship and freedom was the dividing line in the world that people assumed would last forever. but is a revolution starting to stir? >> there has been an unexpected development abroad. polish workers in the baltic area are standing firm in their strike against the government.

in the days of the soviet union people full of hope and anticipation of the upcoming changes underground news. my young musicians of the time captured the mood perfectly what was it like to live and make music in that atmosphere. i am. still. welcome back and to the top news story from this week britain has been rocked by a second alleged case of nerve agent exposure since march the substance in question is again no big chunk prompting some to jump to conclusions. to people who have been exposed to them that i didn't know but you know that shock it remains deadly for long periods exposed to the nerve agent no bitch. who he want to name his id safety you have to do anything is your family going to be safe is that going to be a fair it's a skill a should be there group what's going on because you. know you know your poor children career there are the parents of you live right here in the rigid being trapped and they. let me name out. when they start acting all funny and was much as i mean brushing against them right now as we read and pray. that you know the child which has been identified

a very interesting a very unusual and i think is somewhat through mantic story you came to the soviet union for just one the week you called but it is big one of our biggest rock stars . and he just showed you around is that how it all began that is how it all began a friend of mine her older sister was married to a russian emigre and when he heard i was going to visit russia and he knew i was a rocker in los angeles he said you need to call off he's the most famous underground rocker in russia like the bob dylan of russia i didn't believe there was any rock in russia but i thought ok i'll go and meet him because how cool he think it will be to meet me that i'm an american rocker and i met him and we sat we were at seven partment and i played them a couple of songs off an e.p. album i had released here in the states and morris thought it was very cool and it was a little bit punk and he liked it and i i felt very proud and then i said oh can i hear something of yours and we put in a cassette and i put my headphones on and i started to hear one of his songs that was called tonight and it was

pull it apart it's hard to find a more drab and yet more romantic period in the history of the soviet union then in the nineteen eighties why face people knew it was falling apart then the yet there was also a growing hope that something new and exciting with the rise in its place that sons of cognitive and emotional dissonance was perfectly captured by the on the ground music of the time produced by young nonconformist musicians in what was down the studio flat in grab what was it like to leave and make music in da period hopeful despair well to discuss that i'm now joined by john a stingray an american musician and an avid chronicler of the leningrad rock scene john it's so good to talk to you thank you very much for your time thank you for inviting me now you have a very interesting a very unusual and i think is a somewhat through mantic story you came to the soviet union for just one the week you called but it was big one of our biggest rock stars on his landline and he just showed your around is that how it all began that is how it all began a friend of mine and her older sister was ma

was aware this could possibly be happening in russia we were so afraid of the soviet union at that time and that's why it just opened up my eyes and that's what led to me deciding that i needed to bring this music and photos and videos of these bands to the u.s. to open up the eyes of all of the other people in united states because it really was something we we were not aware at all that was taking place there now rock musicians all over the world are a pretty rowdy bunch i wonder how they react to you and your interest in them you know i think there were europeans that had come in and had met boris before so he had met foreigners but i think what was different was with me is after i met boris on that first trip and was taken by all of it and i said i'm going to come back what can i do can i bring your equipment i think that he and seven. kind of had a feeling of course she says she's going to come back but she's not going to because i think many people before me westerners came in and said the same thing that they wanted to come back i think what surprised boris and everybody else is

theory of the soviet union in denying to me life is people knew it was falling apart and the yet there was also a growing hope that something new and exciting would rise in its place that sons of cognitive and emotional dissonance was perfectly captured by the on the ground music of the times produced by young nonconformist musicians in what was down to c.d.o. flooding what was it like to leave and make music. hopeful despair well to discuss that i'm now joined by john a stingray an american musician and an avid chronicler of the leningrad rock scene john it's so good to talk to you thank you very much for your time thank you for inviting me now you have a very interesting a very unusual and i think is a somewhat through mantic story you came to the soviet union for just one the week you called. one of our biggest rock stars bloodline and he just showed you around is that how it all began that is how it all began a friend of mine her older sister was married to a russian emigre and when he heard i was going to visit russia and he knew i was a rocker in los angeles he said you need to c

in the last days of the soviet union people were full of hope and anticipation of the upcoming changes underground music by young musicians of the time captured the mood perfectly what was it like to live and make music in that atmosphere. welcome to the program britain has been rocked by a second alleged case of nerve agent exposure since march and the now notorious name of the substance not the chalk has led some to jump to conclusions. the two people have been exposed to the right to know what you know but shock it remains deadly for long periods exposed to the nerve agent no big chunk. he went to the safety you have to do anything is your family going to be safe is that going to be a fail safe school ation we are watched every notice because you. know you know you are but children here and there are other parents and you live right here and you know it was being checked and like. many name out. there when you start acting all funny it wasn't much use them brushing against. those who read for a. nerve agent. which has been identified as the savior of agent it contaminates if both of

i'm speaking to you, the peoples of the soviet union, on the occasion of the new year. i know that in the soviet union as it is all around the world, this is a season of hope and expectation. a time for family to gather together, a time for prayer and a time to think about peace. that is true in america, too. americans traveled across the country in their cars, by train or by airplane to be together with their families. many americans came to the united states from other countries and at this time of year, they look forward to hosting friends and family from their homelands. most of us celebrate christmas or hanukkah and as part of the celebrations, we go to church or synagogue and then gather around the family dinner table after giving thanks for our blessings, we share a traditional holiday meal of goose, turkey, roast beef and exchange gifts. on new year's eve we gather again. like you, we raise our glasses in a toast to the year to come. hopes for ourselves, for families and for our nation and the world. this year, the future of the nation and the world is particula

there was one narrow issue that divided the united states and the soviet union deeply, , that was the issue of reparations. soviet leader joseph stalin was demanding $10 $10 billion in reparation from western germany, a little over $100 billion in today's money. the united states, however, was spending enormous sums to keep western germany alive. it was really the syndicate to disorder and chaos but the united states said this is impossible because we would effectively be financing those reparations because western germany is not even close to self-sustaining. we had effectively done that after world war i and we were not going to repeat that. but it was a much deeper, more fundamental conflict between the united states and the soviet union when they came to germany, and that is that neither the united states nor the soviet union could countenance a united germany being an ally of the other. that was simply too threatening to both parties, fundamental national interests. in mid april after a meeting with stalin that goes nowhere, george marshall flies home and makes a very famous radi

soviet union.t was during the cold war. we are post-cold war, we still have challenges, and now they want to get tough on russia. i am howling at this. for those of us who were around this town in the '80s, and if we worked in the reagan administration, you couldn'tfo t dealings with the soviet union. a break with the left on his dealings with the soviet union. but now they want to set up a shadow government. i want to play something for you to react to. this is a former cia man under obama. let's watch. >> fbi director continues the investigation, department of justice continues to support the investigation, congress continues saying this investigation is legitimate. curious point in american government, when do we see almost a shadow government come out and say, we cannot side with the government, when there is a cabinet or the senate? that's the big question. >> laura: shadow government needs to form to apparently undo the presidential election? your reaction? >> where's the obama former cia dir

planes to land in the soviet union.moving towards other agreements. complete --ike to conclude my remarks by expressing the hope that communications between our nations will develop and for the improvement of international cooperation the world. i invite all of you to visit my country and enjoy. >> one step that brought the united states and the soviet union closer together was the consular pact signed at the white house in june. it was the first bilateral treaty between the two nations. the culmination of diplomatic exchanges victim 35 years ago -- begun 35 years ago. the general assembly overwhelmingly approved a nuclear nonproliferation treaty. all the united states and the soviet union had worked to secure its acceptance. johnson appeared before that body for the fourth time, held the passage of this measure as the most significant step toward peace in united nations history. >> it is the most important international agreement in the field of disarmament since the nuclear age began. prevent theto spread of nuclear w

tonight as president gorbachev resigned and also an end seven decades of communist rule in the soviet union. the years after the disintegration of the u.s.s.r. became known as the crazy ninety's in all the post soviet territories. he's leaving behind fifteen independent states which share only a disastrous economy and an uncertain future after having been under a government controlled economy the free market dramatically changed the rules of the game new business has emerged instantly in the first. all the guards were born overnight. the former country with no class division suddenly became stratified the chosen few became rich while the rest had to fight to survive. the same as it was the pollution is a sickness to herschel as. they what does that say. you know she still of us living in the slopes must've been using your trees in the wood when your lease is in your cellars of course it was and is a. good. list in your menu to do a little good reason you know it is the oldest thing in the nature and you know as many of you know dumbass they will. post the system i teach to good bush and i j

america bridge road in one thousand eighty five fifteen just one year after your first visit to the soviet union he speaks sickly sad as the none of us have been there and we have sort of started growing out of our old gene simply because you know our youth was coming into contact with reality and as i was researching for this program. i was struck by one productive thought and i wonder if it's actually true but it seemed to me that for you a very rare person but still for you that dahl soviet reality was also to some extent. the place where you found that freedom because the russians do not think about the later years of the soviet union in that sense but to me it seemed that you're actually falling imaginative or imagine the replays where it where you felt alive and free was that accurate that is very accurate you know it was all about timing and when i went to the soviet union i had just had this record out in the states but we had kind of a lawsuit with the guy that put it out because there were some issues and i was at a crossroads i wasn't sure what i was going to do and i felt a little bi

at moscow university with students, indeed with the very students likely to become the soviet union's next generation of leaders, to the dissidents, refuseniks, i was able to say the people of the united states and elsewhere support you. to the students, i suggested there is another way to live and govern your country. a way of democracy and economic growth. a way in which creative human energies are released. if anyone had suggested even as recently as ten years ago, an american president would one day be able to meet with soviet dissidents inside moscow itself or be able to speak to soviet students in their own university about human freedom, well, i think you'll agree the prediction like that would have been dismissed. but this past week it happened. seeds of freedom and greater trust were sewn. and i just have to believe that in ways we may not even be able to guess, those seeds will take root and grow. accompanying the new political freedoms are a series of economic reforms that may begin to inject elements of free enterprise into the soviet economy. in two weeks, i'll be attendi

ambassador to the soviet union. michael mcfaul, like canon, is a rare academic who has also successfully bridged this often, to a wide gap between policy and academia. i will close by noting that it is a testament to mike's abilities as a diplomat, that he has managed to get no fewer than four secretaries of state, two democrats, two republicans, two women and two men. you have blurbs on his back cover. none even have a single secretary of state were being but needing a next one. it is my pleasure to introduce my friend, my colleague and our former ambassador to russia, and the united states, michael mcfaul. i urge you to buy his fascinating book at the end of the topic this evening. [applause] >> wow. thank you, kathryn stoner! after that we should just go to questions. summarize my life, that was so nice of you! thank you all for coming. i know i'm competing with warriors, the first game of the series. so i know that you really want to talk about russia. i actually would rather be watching the warriors right now.

because it wasn't just the soviet union.ssian empire. >> putin returned home from his kgb posting in 1990, to a country he did not recognize. the ussr had been transformed by mikhail gorbachev and his policy of openness known as glasnost. >> a lot of things happened very quickly. >> big mac is big mac. >> coca-cola, coca-cola. >> a romance with things western. >> freedom came fast, and it exposed the rot at the heart of soviet communism. across the soviet union hundreds of thousands of people began demanding democracy and national independence. it was once again what putin feared most. the people rising up. and finally the people won. >> tonight in moscow at the kremlin the red flag of the failed soviet union at last came down and the flag of russia rose. >> 300 years of history erased. >> soviet institutions like the kgb simply ceased to exist. >> vladimir putin views the break-up of the soviet union as he says himself to be the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century. >> it was a traumatic time, and it sparked a

i mean who could have imagined a coalition that would have the soviet union, china and then the middlern states, as well. standing up to one of their own. >> hundreds of demonstrators gathered to protest the inevitable. all but one, that is. >> whatever america goes to war, there's going to be protests in the streets. but you needed congressional support or you wouldn't have popular support. >> the world looks to the president. he can play an historic role in leading us to solve this crisis in a nonviolent way. >> make no mistake about it. our vital interests are at stake. >> bush knew that you had to let that process go forward. you couldn't just declare war and do it. >> the hope of peace remains in my heart and the hearts of us all, but this debate is now about war. >> power in a matter of days can bring this villain to his knees. >> let us stop beating the drums of war. let us oppose this march to violence. >> nowhere is it ordained that the new world order must begin with a new word war. >> they had a great national debate and the argument for going to war prevailed. >> president

in the last days of the soviet union people were full of hope and anticipation of the upcoming changes underground music by young musicians of the time captured the mood perfectly what was it like to live and make music in that atmosphere. the third of july two thousand and eight saying i'm a little bit nervous why because today the three lions play against colombia for a place in the free fall woke up files can we do it's can we end with this to use averts politically. so england only got one thousand four hundred official tickets for the guy more like the prof because of all the stuff when i was reading the pipers months ago columbia got thirty thousand people in the forty four thousand spots a courageous to die so i need a little help who better. than to ask my band is stan collymore show followers tight is english rubber is english musharraf russian than your is regime opposite she's also really and jose miguel is polish even on russian another avon three vanzant she can be found it was your move even find alex and do all your wall paintings. five hours before kickoff tell me about

to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the soviet union the second world war was about fighting the invaders of their land. but it wasn't quite so simple for ukraine the truth is ukraine has never been a united country. when world war two broke out a large part of western ukraine's population welcomed the german soldiers as liberators from the recently forced upon them soviet rule and openly collaborated with the germans. the real scale of collaboration was not announced for many years after the war but we now know that whole divisions and battalions were formed by ukrainian collaborators such as s.s. galaxy and not to golf and roll into battalions. just in the beginning of the war more than eighty thousand people from college cina region voluntarily enrolled into division s.s. galad seen in a month and a half notorious for their extreme cruelty towards the polish jewish and russian people on the territory of ukraine. members of these military groups came mostly from the organization of ukrainian nationalists b

across the soviet union, hundreds of thousands of people began demanding democracy and internationalependence. it was one again what people feared most, the people rising up. and finally, the people won. >> tonight in moscow at the kremlin, the red flag is a failed soviet at last came down, and the flag of russia rose. >> 300 years of history erased. >> soviet institutions like the kgb simply ceased to exist. >> vladimir putin fews the break up of the soviet union as he said himself, to be the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century. >> it was a traumatic time, and it sparked a profound change in vladimir putin. he became a politician, deputy mayor in his hometown of st. petersburg. it was not a big job but putin clearly had big dreams. he commissioned this rarely seen documentary about himself, presenting vladimir putin the crediting read, in power. >> weirdly the sound track from the broadway show "cats." >> the ambitious putin already may have been looking towards moscow, because the return people were desperate for strong leadership. under the current president, the new

their governments i turned to the soviet union. and force us to try to soften our approach and then after the soviet union collapsed in the early ninety's they roll back the iona and their sister organizations had a monopoly. and they really abuse that i think that's a shame and they use it to exploit other country to be even more now we've got tricks and we've got the. infrastructure investment banks and these banks have us our more financial power in fact in the world bank and it's just us and so in a way we're reaching a balance right think probably if i were at the world bank today and i think probably people who are at the world bank today are really having to look at how they need to soften their deals what they need to do to be more competitive against these basically chinese directives banks looking at it in august the more a shadowy way though the be in breaks brazil is already now run by a former cia asset its most popular leader of course is in jail news every day against jacob zuma flooding mainstream media there are ot

to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the soviet union the second world war was about fighting the invaders of their land. but it wasn't quite so simple for ukraine the truth is ukraine has never been a united country. when world war two broke out a large part of western ukraine's population welcomed the german soldiers as liberators from the reese. certainly forced upon them soviet rule and openly collaborated with the germans. the real scale of collaboration was not announced for many years after the war but we now know that whole divisions and battalions were formed by ukrainian collaborators such as s.s. galaxy and not to call and roll into battalions. just in the beginning of the war more than eighty thousand people from college cina region voluntarily enrolled into division s.s. galut seen in a month and a half notorious for their extreme cruelty towards the polish jewish and russian people on the territory of ukraine. members of these military groups came mostly from the organization of ukrainian nation

of very sensible and very important policies that ultimately contributed to the demise of the soviet union, prevented nuclear war, and advanced american interests across the board. today to efforts portray ronald reagan as a nuclear president. that is nonsense. advanced an approach to dealing with the soviet nuclear threat which fundamentally changed what was going on in the 1970's. change.alled peace with his policies involved the modernization of our nuclear triad in a manner that enhanced national security and strategic stability. they went beyond that. ickem'soyed nuclear sl widely. both on the surface and in ships and submarines. he deployed the medium-range nuclear missiles to europe that resulted in the imf treaty. and he deployed nuclear artillery. uy call him a nuclear zero g is nonsense. he pursued a policy in arms control in which arms control seen in terms of defense policy rather than as an end to itself or to a quest for some utopia. defense initiative revived the war bond u.s. missile defense program of the carter era and begin to development of technologies that not protect

tension and russia phobia there's a refusal from the foundation of this to accept russia as the soviet union down to even the language they don't talk today about president trump and putin being like medvedev and obama and bush and putin and it's all in the terms of kennedy and nixon and these grand soviet meetings the world cup is another way of i mean how dare we say that you guys are in the twenty first century the second. out of it being you know on the summit like kate said the press conference going to happen or not and this would have ended up in the same level of tension and the irony is at the point that you made peter we meddle and in fact everyone saying today trump should have said if you meddle in eighteen or twenty you know our relationships over well hell bent right here at the national prayer breakfast only a few months ago in washington d.c. there was a fundraiser held for putin's opposition right at a same conference where president trump was speaking so we meddle in interfere all over the world and this is a big large powers do but i mean president it could have been broug

indeed with the very students likely to become the soviet union's next generation of leaders. to them i was able to save the people of the united states and asked where -- elsewhere support you. to the students i suggested there is another way to live and did -- develop your country. a way of which created human energies are released. if anyone has suggested, even as recently as 10 years ago, that an american president will one day be able to meet with soviet dissidents inside moscow itself, or be able to speak to soviet students in their own university, about human freedom, i think you would agree that a prediction like that would have been dismissed. but, this past week it happen. seeds of freedom and greater trust were sown, and i just have to believe that in ways we may not be able to guess, those seeds will take root and glow -- grow. accompanying these new freedoms are's reforms, that may be able to inject residents of free enterprise in the community. in two weeks, i'll be attending my final soviet -- meeting in toronto. it is my belief that liberty should be as importa

and he was concerned that there wasn't sufficient progress being made on an agreement with the soviet union on nuclear testing. so he had written a number of letters to president kennedy and, in fact, they were quite stride and he compared kennedy to hit we -- hitler, so he was t there picketing the day before and he and his wife went to hotel, changed clothes, went into dinner and in the reception line, president kennedy said to pauling, well, dr. pauling, i see that you have been around the white house a few times. [laughter] >> before introducing him to the first lady, he said, i hope you will continue to express your opinions. now mrs. kennedy was not as gracious, she said, dr. pauling, my little girl wants to know what has daddy done wrong today. [laughter] >> clearly the most controversial guest was jay robert, the father of the atomic bomb, who i think you may have heard little bit about if you were here in the previous discussion. lost his security clearance in 1954 and this was part of an effort by president kennedy and people in the white house staff to -- to initiate some sort of

we were allies with the soviet union.y father felt that people were being taken in by the russians, they were giving them too favorable a picture. stalin was being called uncle joe, and there was this element that we were buddies. he felt that was a terrible system. he felt he had to write this telegram to kind of alert people that things were not as well as they thought it was. brian: there is a containment theory that he proposed. was it accepted by the state department and the government? grace: i do not know that it was ever formally accepted, but it became u.s. policy for over 50 years and had a huge influence on the state department. it's interesting, because my father died in 2005. we thought, he is going to be part of history, but we are not going to hear anything about him. now, i hear about him all the time. he is constantly being quoted. and it means to me, it's sort of still keeps them alive. brian: let's show some video of your father in 1966, talking about vietnam. [begin video clip] >> the spectacle of amer

ninety ninety one the berlin wall kind soviet union collapsed and fifteen nations because independence that meant russia went on its own for the first time in many many years and it ends with a free for all call with a fantastic start can i go on like that same of nine hundred sixty that won the european championship i'm i can name for themselves but this time just isn't allowed. to be joined. be the world's greatest ever left back. roberta called us verse of thank you very much for joining us on the show how does it feel and how did it feel to wear that famous yellow shirts for the first time and you're not quite a. lot of them appear pathetic honestly somebody. and then in the middle of a sentence not. solution but as an incentive. this is a serious sixteen year old and a move. if these two. the battle. over the last three years into this we're frightened did you find it intimidating climate does cause we're very excited now to me that. i know who this comet is my story. of appealing. to them in a happy way and. a myriad already. does the mood there for us in the me moment the most i