it was still the soviet union that was still the soviet union but all the wars of the soviet union which do not contradict the laws of the russian federation are conceded to be legal here you know so that the legal norm is steal all parable fortune did not cancel it and if you look at his policies and if you look at their official statements from russia they're all none of them justified the secret protocols well the other problem is that if the west wants to refute the pact completely then the onus should be returned to paul want us to be you'll know basically it was taken by marshall superskinny in the 20th in an aggressor. act started you know there are no more humans to start in russia except in the museum soapbox there are more humans to kill all over paul you know he's considered a hero so if we return to the situation before the pact then we should again change the borders in eastern europe and these people you know who criticize russia. for you know seemingly justifying that act they don't want to do it i hope right so they should be consequential the other interesting moment tha

cold war was a time period 46 years between 1945, december 26th, 1981 with the collapse of the soviet union. it was a geopolitical standoff between the soviets and the americans. each one a super power could have destroyed the world through a nuclear war. but the cold war prevented that. it was mad mutually assured destruction if one side or the other side threw out atomic bombs. there would be no winners. so this cold war was a state of heightened tension that did not have direct military conflict between the soviets and americans. vint hill farms station was functional between world war ii and the mid-'90s. in december of '91 the american government realized there was no need for this facility because there was no more soviet union. the cold war had ended. that as well as with an act called base realignment enclosure act. and in the mid-'90s lots of military bases were shot down plus we didn't need as many facilities to monitor the soviet union since it didn't exist. it was closed in the mid-'90s, sat vacant for about ten years, we found out this was available. we pitched the idea to the

embassy and london diplomats noted it was absolutely unacceptable to equate the actions of the soviet union with hitler's aggression the embassy also expressed regret that the soviet british alliance during world war 2 and their joint actions against nazi germany seem to have been forgotten by the prime minister among the most prominent cases of soviet british cooperation during world war 2 or the arctic convoys operation british vessels deliver essential supplies to the north of soviet russia braving heavy bombardment by the north east britain lost scores of both merchant and navy vessels with more than 3000 casualties. let's bring in live historian author and broadcaster michael jones for more on this now what do you make of johnson's statement is it ignorance deliberate attempts to politicize history or something else altogether. well that's a political sound by johnson isn't potent and he's looking basically to say the right thing to the polish government is based on a kernel of truth because it was. packed on the 23rd it will because $939.00 and the soviet union did invade poland but w

kremlin tonight as president gorbachev resigned and or to an end 7 decades of communist rule in the soviet union. the years after the disintegration of the u.s.s.r. became known as the crazy ninety's in all the post soviet territories. he's leaving behind 15 independent states which share only a disastrous economy and an uncertain future after having been under a government controlled economy the free market dramatically changed the rules of the game new business has emerged instantly in the firm. all the guards were born overnight. the former country with no class division suddenly became stratified the chosen few became rich while the rest had to fight to survive. so as it was the pollution is a sickness to herschel as. they what does that say. just of us let us hope to this day when using your phrase in the world when you sell as opposed to pollution is a. good. a waste in you mean you didn't do a good reason yeah you know well there's a in each you and me and as me i'm in no dumbass i will. post the system i think. this is and i just want president that i bushel thing is going to eventually

my parents were communist, so when i was a child, there was a lot of talk about soviet union and chinaarguments going on in the kitchen when the soviets and the chinese split about who was right about that. one of the funny things about the 70th anniversary is what are you actually celebrating on the 70th anniversary of the communist takeover? why that anniversary? because the country palpably is not communist, not in any sense that anyone would recognise back in the day of marxism and leninism. so you can imagine why they celebrate the chinese republic... that is what they are celebrating. it's 70 years of the founding of the people's republic of china. exactly, which is, ie, of communist china, not as china as a republic itself. and it is also the 30th anniversary of tiananmen square this year. so it's a bizarre situation where what you have is aspects of the communist system which relate to a lack of liberty, and aspects of the capitalist system which relate to huge levels of economic growth and inequality. and yet we find ourselves in the position of going to shanghai and marvellin

embassy and london diplomats noted it was absolutely unacceptable to equate the actions of the soviet union with hitler's aggression the embassy also expressed regret that the soviet british alliance during world war 2 and their joint actions against nazi germany seem to have been forgotten by the prime minister among the most prominent cases of soviet british cooperation during the world war 2 worth the arctic convoys the operation sought british vessels deliver essential supplies to the north of soviet russia braving heavy bombardment britain lost scores of both merchant and navy vessels with more than $3000.00 casualties historian and author michael jones told us earlier about johnson's comment as an insult to all world war 2 veterans. well that's a political sound bite where it goes very wrong to equate. nazi germany and head to the soviet union there was only one threat to european peace and 939 and that was hitler from 1000 flicks you were on through to 945 the soviet union's role was the most important rule of course there was no alliance between the soviet union the united kingdom a

guest: ukraine was part of the soviet union. soviet union fell in 1991.ce then, we have been supporting countries as they reformtize and try to their governments, anticorruption things, this list of things i have been discussing. ukraine is a really important geopolitical player and occupies a really important space geographically in europe. i would remind everyone that ukraine is fighting a war right now against russia. it is a hot war in europe that has claimed 13,000 lives. and this is a country worth supporting. host: you just brought up that president trump has added military aid to ukraine. what is the united states involved in in ukraine right now? are there soldiers on the ground? what are we talking about? guest: it is basically a program that allows the ukrainian government to buy from the united states things like antitank missiles. we have military support and training. there are no u.s. troops on the ground. ukraine is not a member of nato. inare supporting ukraine defending its own sovereignty. host: we are talking about this because of the

as a person who works in the soviet union this was the mid-60s trial of a soviet writer who claims heis apolitical and yet it's being published abroad and journals that are being and directly watch by the cia and we have a figure who is not. his ideology is complicated and all of a sudden i read your statement about complicity in a different way. >> yeah. it's often looked at as an inescapable trap in the west. if you are from the soviet union you're excusing the good login excusing stalin and if you criticize the vietnam war too much what does that say about the north vietnamese were behaving with prisoners and so forth. in the soviet union i felt so many dissident writers partly because of the way they were during the cold war and i thought it was sort of the pass in a way. maybe not a pass but their courage was undeniable. they did incredible work and smuggling the manuscripts and telling truth to power in many ways. but they didn't allow them to escape from their work becoming complicit not to their own desire but becoming complicit in the cold war because the stuff was snapped up

if you're too sympathetic with the soviet union were excusing the gulags and stalin. if you are criticizing the vietnam war too much, what does that say about your sympathies for the way that say the north vietnamese were behaving with the treatment of prisoners and so on. but in the soviet union i thought some of the dissident writers partly because they were covered during the cold war kind of got sort of a pass in a way. maybe not a pass, but their courage was undeniable and to get incredible work and some other manuscripts and sort of telling truth power in many ways. but it didn't allow them to escape from the work becoming complicit. not for the fund is up at become complicit. this stuff was snapped up by magazines that for them dissident writers were ideal of a gander, these heroes define the regime. it's this ironic tragedy because at the end of the court case they were accusing him of all sorts of crazy stuff. and yet the remarks, even published by these magazines which are cold war propaganda, and the worker that's one thing they were right about. he had mad

and the guys give accomplished assessment of white cannot be published in the soviet union. but yeah, your facility with english which is something that he had, i gave him access and also something that can bring you under suspicion. that is a great question. >> this is a difficult question, the soviet addition -- [inaudible question] >> i don't know. i don't know to be honest. i would be surprised if it was, i'm surprised if the addition that the time wasn't sensitive and talking about it, late 30s right, this is the height of stolen. >> yes, the original translation was repaired shortly after the western tradition, and then is circulated. it could be circulated for a long time because of the communist. >> when was it finally circulated? >> probably in the 60s he was a soviet journalist that was recorded. >> they were both sleeping with his wife. not a good idea. everyone is sleeping with everyone. [laughter] everyone high -- i began thinki, i'm like reading your book, on vacation, and i don't know, a feeling in myself in this incredible way, you do re-create that. >> thank

the next near experience was when i was in the soviet union.s a communist country, so is china. i could understand when i came here about 20 years ago, i did not understand why people were surprised that china was emerging as a superpower. for goodness' sake, the soviet union, communist china they invested heavily in things like education, training, building infrastructure, technical production and so on. so that by the time you have the soviet union collapsing and you have the communist party in china becoming, remaining and pretending to be communist but it is actually one of the biggest capitalist enterprises in the world, they are ready to move forward. now, the only thing as an african, is today they have come back and they are really coming back very, very... when i say aggressively, i don't mean as aggressive as the west, coming with guns and colonising us and enslaving us and so on, taking our slaves to that place. but they are coming with the same motives, they want to take our mineral resources, they want to exploit africa for themsel

us and having grown up in a totalitarian state in the soviet union i rarely allowed myself to believe in foreign truths. i wanted to find my own voice. when 6 sons are good some of my fate was decided before i was even born as i am a child of an entire dynasty of violinists. at 70 every day of life is precious. i am reminded of my great master davida voice talk one of the most important violinists of our time. live. with us this was it i feel the need to pass on everything i've experienced. or much of what inspires me this was one view this everything you give away is preserved and one shouldn't try to hold onto anything for oneself because then it dies stripped. what is it the accent i need you know but here's newton. and he beat the north pole for the essence of nothing they saw because of the x. and you know just speak it all to. them not a bloody word to them from the outset like camerata baltica served as an instrument to pass these things on you i wanted to do something for the youth of the baltic states which i know so well that i was so inspired by these friendly faces and min

anticipates that if the soviet union were to provide this, which would allow the soviet union, this was the americans anticipating that this would be part of the way that they would not react to american casualties. this was classified a few years ago. this notes the u.s. detecting soviet personnel. and number two, them after we bombed their sites. they jointly manned communication sites. this includes overall in soviet hands. two months later, were report on north vietnam. the soviet airstrike. one killed, four winded. the overall conclusion from those two conflicts is that this level of sustained casualties, that was not publicly confessed. i think this showcases in a way that secrecy dynamics were used in an interesting way. but it's distorted what exactly happened in these wars. i'm happy to hear people's comments and questions. will be happy to fill in some of the details. thank you for listening. >> thank you. [ applause ] >> thank you so much, austin. i don't pretend to be an expert. but my question, initially, before we throw this to the floor, is you talked about the importance

the books and then put them in stuff that's of having grown up in a totalitarian state in the soviet union i rarely allowed myself to believe in foreign truths. i wanted to find my own voice. once it sounds good some of my fate was decided before i was even born as i am a child of an entire dynasty of violinists. but at 70 every day of life is precious. i am reminded of my great master davida oist off one of the most important violinists of our time. limit. this is me and didn't do that since. this was his i feel the need to pass on everything i've experienced. or much of what inspires me in this one group this everything you give away is preserved and one shouldn't try to hold onto anything for oneself because then it dies stripped. put these at the rock center i need you know if it is new to fish. and meet the north pole for the accents of not me saw because of the x. and not just to speak at all. i'm not above the words i'm from the outset like a camera served as an instrument to pass these things on you i wanted to do something for the youth of the baltic states which i know so well th

facing a situation where the soviet union tried to keep up. number one ask was give up fdi. given on everything else. reagan had the commitment. he wanted to make peace. he has a commitment to get off the table and walk away. we will not weaken our military to do so. he did so because he had very few other choices. the soviet economy simply could not keep up with the roaring american economy. peace through strength is the understanding that if we have the capacityde to defend oursels that we minimize the risk of having to use that capacity. when we look at china, china is investing in a massive degree in building up their military. if china gets to a point where where they believe they can win a military conflict with the united states, god help us. the odds skyrocket when they believe they can prevail. when they know unequivocally there is no hope of prevailing, that is when you avoid the conflict altogether. >> iran. you made a headline. >> thank you. >> let's start with that, actually. why have you been sanctioned? >> you would haveni to ask. i will d confess i did go to

countries by antibiotics that were available at the time and these were used sent back to the former soviet union and used to develop pathogens that would be resistance resistant to those antibiotics some of the diseases which the soviet scientists experimented with have long threatened mankind lithuanian born raymond zilinskas is a former microbiologist and a director at the monterey institute of international studies nobody thought that anybody with so irresponsible as to be working with smallpox. so there was another contagious from it spreads from person to person and it's very deadly in nature crossing by 30 percent. but with a weapon i was probably even stronger maybe 50 percent or even higher for them so that was horrible and then the circa one i was really awful was a place where the marburg virus against which there is no vaccine no treatment it's about 80 percent solid and well. ironically it was soviet citizens themselves residents of the industrial city of faired lost who discovered how deadly their nation's bio weapons were in 1979 anthrax was accidentally released into the air the w

chapters of the american serviceman's union on 16 large military installations in the united states and 40 overseas. just as the bolshevik party organized through the sovietsn 1917 against a those are and the oppression in russia. the american serviceman's union is organizing soviet within the u.s. imperialist army. the only line that will lead to victory, the only line that will lead to victory and revolution is a proletarian line in the army. and they know that whoever can command the allegiance of the rank-and-file troops, that command will be decisive in counterrevolution. right now the american serviceman's union is building an army within an army, a workers militia inside the u.s. army and along with the panthers and others we will make that revolution. power to the people. >> we are going to wind this session up tonight with national committees plural to combat fascism. minnie wants to talk about how we can create the new party. the new mass people's party, the new workers party or however you want to phrase it. yes, we should create a party, the black panther party says yes. you are downright we need to parallel an old american liberation front and

and there was no help from moscow the soviet union had given nazi germany and almost free hand germany and the soviets had publicly agreed on a non-aggression pact and secretly made a deal to carve up eastern europe between the 2 dictatorships not long after the german invasion of poland the soviet union moved in from the east poland's fate was sealed when german forces and the red army met at the agreed demarcation line. well as we said today marking of the start of world war 218 years ago and we are following the ceremony of the commemorations rather that are taking place in warsaw and wojciech and peter's looking at that i want to pick on something that pick up on something you both were just talking about a little bit earlier for check you met remember you mentioned rather of a sense perhaps that germans have not remembered the horrors that took place in poland as they have other wars during the from from the from world war 2 rather. is that now being politicized because that is a big topic of discussion in germany at the moment. well i would say yes. well we know that the ruling l

the soviet union forcibly corporated the baltic states into the soviet union after thet war, world wari. we couldn't do anything aboutin it. but for decades, we refused to recognize the forceful t incorporation baltic states in the soviet union. as a matter of ft, margaret, anybody who sat at the nsc desk had a stamp, and whenever you mentioned latvia, lithuania, or estonia, you stamped it -- "the united states of america does not recognize the forcible corporation of the baltic states into the soviet union." and you know what? 45 years later, when the baltic states were free, they re among our best allies -- estonia, latvia, and sthuania -- because they remembered that od for the right things. and so, yes, you have to do it carefully, you can'tthe impression to the people of hong kong at we are gonna come to the rescue. we can't but need to stand for the right things. >> and that words matter. >> words matter.. words matt and sometimes, words can matter ev. to the chinese governme watching and that they need to find a way forward that doesn't include trying to crush that protest, that

reagan didn't send our troops in to engage with the soviet union. reagan didn't invade cuba, reagan didn't, falkland islands, and bush didn't engage in that, instead, reagan understood military strength. what foreign-policy is associated with reagan more than anything else? peace through strength. i believe in that emphatically and it is where much of the media and the academy gets it wrong. they believe in what is essentially peace through weakness. so when you get a democratic administration in, if one of these 20/20 democrats gets in, every one of them is going to want to get the military because they say gosh, we won't have military fights of our military is really weak that i think it's the opposite. reagan understood that if we have the most formidable military force on the planet, nobody in their right mind is going to want to mess with us and you don't have to use it. so for example, the strategic defense initiative more than anything else i think the soviet union's back. they couldn't keep up with it and reagan was derided relentlessly. rem

there are approximately 30 million deaths in the soviet union alone. we put two thirds of those being soviets civilians. there were approximately 15 million chinese killed. approximately 6 million holes killed. many of them are ap by the nazis but also they were jews. deaths in yugoslavia totaling proximally 2 million. germany lost 4 million and upon loss of million. italy's casualties were. about 300,000. britain lost some 400,000 soldiers and civilians. after the united states entered the war, in 1941, approximately 400 or 500,000 servicemen died. before the japanese surrendered in 1945. the work forever changed americans. the united states the most powerful nation in the world. in the were brought united states on the world stage as the leading player. the effects of world war ii are still being felt today. more than 5000 books have been published on world war ii. in books continued to come off of the presses and illustrated by the books that are authors have just published. i like to ask a palace to discuss the current state of o world war ii histo

any of us -- are not within weeks, the armies of nazi germany from the west, and the communist soviet union from the east divided up this country into occupation zones. the maniacal nazi leader issued for the physical destruction of the enemy. and ordered the merciless and without compassion death of polish men, women and children. thee dual invasions marked beginning of a conflict unlike anything the world had ever known before. and one we resolve here today, the world will never know again. [applause] >> in just over four years, one polish citizens would be murdered at the hands of an etiology based on conquest and authoritarian rule. the nazis systematically murdered 90% of poland's more than 3 million jews. tens of thousands of brave patriots of the polish resistance would be killed in the fight against the occupation of their homeland. over 21,000 polish sons and daughters were massacred at the hands of the communists in april, 1940. in mass graves. city, more than 150,000 polish men, women and lives ingive their just nine weeks of the warsaw uprising. which was followed by the deliber

affairs, next michael mandelbaum argues that the piece created around the world with the fall of the soviet union is being dismantled today by russia, china, and iran. then and if i failed beijing bureau chief for the washington post talks about the dynastic mission of the king family and his latest head, kim jong-un. bernard argues that america's retreat from the world stage has resulted in the rise of five new powers that threaten western values. russia, china, turkey, iran and sunni radical groups. [applause] >> thank you all for coming. thanks to c-span and its important audience as well, my new book, the rise and fall of peace on earth, revolves around a particular question. the question is, what are the prospects for peace? that is a timely question at any point and i will give my answer in the course of my remarks but it does presuppose, another question not often asked but one that is also relevant to the book. that question is, what do we mean by peace? how do you define peace? the obvious definition is, peace is the absence of war. that's always welcome but it's not very rigorous. after

countries by antibiotics that were available at the time and these were used sent back to the former soviet union and used to develop pathogens that would be resistance resistant to those antibiotics some of the diseases which the soviet scientists experimented with have long threatened mankind lithuanian born raymond zilinskas is a former microbiologist and a director at the monterey institute of international studies nobody thought that anybody with so irresponsible as to be working with smallpox. so there was another contagious from it spreads from person to person and it's very deadly in nature across about 30 percent. but with a weapon as it's probably even stronger maybe 50 percent or even higher for so there was horrible and then the circa one i was really awful was a place where the marburg virus against which there is no vaccine no treatment it's about 80 percent solid and well. ironically it was soviet citizens themselves residents of the industrial city of faired lost who discovered how deadly their nation's bio weapons were in 1979 anthrax was accidentally released into the air and wi

countries by antibiotics that were available at the time and these were used sent back to the former soviet union and used to develop pathogens that would be resistance resistant to those antibiotics some of the diseases which the soviet scientists experimented with have long threatened mankind lithuanian born raymond zilinskas is a former microbiologist and a director at the monterey institute of international studies nobody thought. anybody with so irresponsible as to be working with smallpox virus so there was another contagious from it spreads from person to person and it's very deadly in nature across about 30 percent. but with a weapon i was probably even stronger maybe 50 percent or even higher for so that was horrible and then the circa one i was really awful was a place where the marburg virus the plants which there is no vaccine no treatment it's about 80 percent. of all. ironically it was soviet citizens themselves residents of the industrial city of faired last who discovered how deadly their nation's bio weapons were in 1979 anthrax was accidentally released into the air the wind blo

the soviet union. tried to document this story, not just of the accident itself but also the event that led to that. one of them was secrecy. secrecy that was on the level that not only some elements of the soviet nuclear energy, from people living in the soviet union and i found but even things about things that exploded were hidden from the directors of the reactor, contributing to the accident. an accident of a smaller scale but technologically, of the same kind happened in the soviet union in 1995 which is today, st. petersburg. what went wrong was never communicated to the operators and chernobyl.when the explosion happened, there was a massive cover-up. i ask very often, what i was doing on april 26, 1986 when the reactor exploded and i lived at that time in the ukraine and soviet union. and i don't remember that day because we were not told for another three days that there was anything wrong at all. when we were told, the information was that it was a minor accident and everything was under con

within weeks, the armies of nazi germany, from the west in the communist soviet union from the east dividedp this country. the maniacal nazi leader issued the command for the physical disruption of the enemy. merciless and without compassion, the death of polish men, women, and children. those dual invasions marked the beginning of a conflict unlike anything the world had ever known before. one we resolve here today. the world will never know again. [applause] in just over four years, one in five polish citizens would be murdered at the hands of an evil ideology dental and racial conquest and authoritarian rule. the nazi systematically murty 19% -- systematically murdered 90% of poland's 3 million jews. tens of thousands of brave patriots of the polish resistance would be killed in the fight against the occupation of the homelands. over 21,000 polish sons and daughters were massacred at the hands of the communists in april, 1940. graves.n mass city,ght here in this more than 150,000 polish men, women, and children gave their of then just nine weeks warsaw uprising. an uprising which was fol