against the soviet union. not only were those two countries have been wiped out, but the countries all around them all around the world would have been utterly destroyed. we would have been set back decades and decades. think today about how much more perfected those nuclear weapons are. and we don't think about them today. enough. to give a pat on the back to our new president, during the campaign, donald trump was the only major campaign -- candidate that i am aware of who kept raising the issue of nuclear weapons and the danger of using nuclear weapons. just this past week in davo's, trump once again raised the question of nuclear weapon negotiations, which we have not been involved in now for decades. but we have got to get re-involved in the best interest of the entire world. if president trump can lead the world in the direction of a containment, perhaps an end or a promised end to the use or even the threat of the use of nuclear weapons that would be a big deal. and if the world appears to be at this po

we can sometimes in uh, shrinking imagine that russia is a, is a soviet union in cottage, but the soviet union was accountable for about some people say, uh, one 5th and the others. 161 7th of the global g d p, especially is know where that, that point today. but she'll get your name had the mikey industry that turned out lots of goes a different value in quality. but many of those goods. what failed to good. and it had a major technological complex that booked the soviet science and technology close to the top of the world. we are in a different position today. we're trying to do better with trying to win back the technological solve and do that. the soviet union had and i think that the war has a, has pushed us much further than we otherwise would have would have been able to cover the adults. yeah. by ip be are ahead of dr. matthew that somehow with web bigger than that. but we are, yeah, by pvp though, and that seems to be the new indicator of the notional gdp. arguably, what about all these 93 countries? um, i don't know best will states around the world that didn't catch up in time

the united states of america saying in the 1990 is that russia, which was now imagine from the soviet union should never see any threat from not though, because there would be no movement, not on its extra to what the just those was, it was all set for real estate baker. but subsequently we started seeing something that is very interesting from europe. the continued growth of europe, particularly they repeated union to watch the east and consuming the number of countries, and i'm using the wide, consuming very deliberately and ultimately the expansion of nato to web, based on that as well. i think garage just said on the prism rad me to put in the really, you are in need you on the very undertaking that you may, you are now saying that george. yeah. will be a part of their opinion on possibly later part of late the us saying that's ukraine with the father of nathan us saying the lot the lift when yeah. and if possible, even better, those will be part of these european expansion. and therefore, you uh, bringing this threat to our very door steps. and it is because of that, that there was wha

we can sometimes in uh, shrinking imagine that russia is a, is a soviet union in cottage, but the soviet union was accountable for about some people say, uh, one 5th and the others. 161 7th of the global g d p, especially is know where that, that point today. but she'll get your name had the mikey industry that turned out lots of goes a different value in quality. but many of those goods. what failed to good. and it has a major technological complex that booked as soviet science and technology close to the top of the world. we are in a different position today. we're trying to do better with trying to win back the technological solve it. and kids at the soviet union had and i think that the war has a, has pushed us much further than we otherwise would have would have been able to cover the adults. yeah. by ip be are ahead of dr. matthew, and that somehow with what they got then then, but we are. yeah, by pvp though. and that seems to be the new indicator of the notional gdp. arguably, what about all these $93.00 countries um by the vessel states around the world that didn't catch up in t

we can sometimes in uh, shrinking imagine that russia is a, is a soviet union and called it, but the soviet union was accountable for about some people say, uh, one 5th and the others. 161 7th of the global gdp actually is know, well, that, that point today should be at your noon had uh, a mighty industry that turned out lots of goes a different value quality, but uh, many of those goods. what failed the good added have uh, a new job technological complex that booked uh, soviet science and technology close to the top of the world. we are in a different position today were trying to do better with trying to uh, when backs new technological shopping and kids at the soviet union had and uh, i think that the wall has uh, has pushed us much farther than we otherwise would have, would have been able to cover the adults yeah. ip be or i had to do the math. you know that somehow with web bigger than that, but yeah, yeah, by p p. p though, and that seems to be the new indicator of the notional cvp. arguably, what about all these $93.00 countries? um, but the vessel states around the world tha

will between russia and ukraine started, it must be seen in the context of the collapse of the soviet union during the presidency of president, governor shift. and during that period, we remember that in 1909 to with the collapse of the body in wall one can vividly remember, then set free of the united states of america saying in the 1990 is that the russia, which was now imagine from the soviet union should never see uh, any threat from that though, because there would be no movement, not on its extra to what beast, those are the words of real estate baker. but subsequently we started seeing something that is very interesting from europe, the continued growth of europe, particularly the real pin union, to watch the east and consuming the number of countries. and i'm using the wide, consuming very deliberately and ultimately the expansion of nato toward the east on bodies. well, i think garage just said on the president, brad, me to put in the really you are in a going on the very undertaking that you may you are now saying the george. yeah, we'd be a part of their opinion on possibly later

they technological sovereignty of the soviet union had. and i think that the war has a, has pushed us much further than we otherwise would have would have been able to cover the adults. yeah. by ip be are headed to imagine that somehow with what they got then then but yeah, yeah. by pvp, though, and that seems to be the new indicator of the notional cvp. arguably, what about all these $93.00 countries? um, but in the vessel states around the world that didn't catch up in time for that united nations vote and seem to be still voting with the old colonial masters in, in london and paris. will it take time for all of us, little states all around the world to understand that it is no need for the rest of phobia or any more because they must as a at the i am after will bag the w t. o. i don't the way to the future of any of these multilateral organizations. they, they don't, they want peace now, unlike these isolated western european pause portion of the, of, as well. um, you said russell states books no internet as well. of course, the only a

and indeed the soviet union had. and i think that the war has a, has pushed us much further than we otherwise would have. would have been able to cover the adults. yeah. by ip be are ahead of the matthew and that somehow we. busy bigger than then, but we are, yeah, by pvp though. and that seems to be the new indicator of the notional gdp. arguably . what about all these $93.00 countries um, by the vessel states around the world that didn't catch up in time for that united nations vote and seems to be still voting with the old colonial, most as in, in london and paris. will it take time for all the vassal states all around the world to understand that it is no need for the rest of phobia or any more because the masters at the i am after will bank the w 2? i don't the way to the future of any of these multi lateral organizations. they, they don't, they want peace now. unlikely is isolated western european pause portion of the, of as well. um you said russell states, but um, no internet as well. of course, the only a ha

moon, but on became a kind of a need to look so pilgrimage site for those who went through the soviet union at that time for purposes of ensuring that loomed as a legacy is maintained on many individuals are the name for the one by including myself who is born a. yeah. after he was assessing they did. and when you go to the strips of many african cities, you find the name, luna, and the name of the move as i would read, indicated as the comes in normally must we've done, which is good. it is also important to note that the move uh, came from uh small as the group the but that then. so he was not from the luba. you would not from the campbell, but yet she was the able of getting that video to emerge. the most i corner lead uh at the time and he was able to transcend at mr. do because of the move. i believe that campbell must be one. remember, in the democratic republic of congo as we know it, it changed its name to say, and now the democratic republic of going with them more than 250 at the list of these or tribes and knowing don't as you do, you can then i appreciate how difficult it must h

tyler: so in broad strokes after the fall of the soviet union a large part of the nuclear arsenal left by the soviets actually was in ukraine. they could not really operate it. a lot of the command-and-control was back in moscow. it was expensive to maintain, but nuclear weapons come with some degree of security, but the deal struck was that ukraine would give up the nuclear weapons for financial incentives as well as from the american perspective assurances of ukrainian security from the ukrainian perspective i think there was understanding it was more of a guarantee. there were two different translations and i think this is emblematic of the relationship. the u.s. wanted ambiguity, but that room only left room for russia to take advantage of ambiguity and i will end by saying in learning about this i think it was important for ukraine to give up nuclear weapons and we had this thing where it was a microcosm of the u.s.-ukraine relationship. we would argue about the narrative arc and everything, but the budapest memo is a great example. benjamin: one of the striking things about that

reporter: the red flag of the failed soviet union at last came down. fareed zakaria: defeated an empire. reporter: sea, land, and air coordination. fareed zakaria: and still defends almost 1 billion people from those hungry for conquest. donald trump: nato is obsolete. it's old, it's fat, it's sloppy. fareed zakaria: how did we get here? the fact is, america has been here before. to understand, we need to look back and tell the story of america first. welcome to a special hour on american isolationism. i'm fareed zakaria. when we first heard the campaign slogan "america first" in the 2016 campaign, it felt like a startling break from the past that came out of nowhere. but history often repeats itself. and when we look to the past, "america first" was said to be the nation's guiding principle for most of its existence. the story begins with the founding fathers. george washington, the nation's first president, said famously in his farewell address that america should steer clear of permanent alliances with other countries. barbara a. perry: george washi

he did not want war with the soviet union he did not once nixon and kissinger he said we can defeatfeated them economically he defeated them militarily not by firing a shot but wherever they were confronting us or we need to confront them whether central america, africa far east asia the middle east that is what he did. i want to move along quickly to one other issues china's warships are turning up in unexpected places alarming u.s. allies. is this the new normal, cnn? china's been very aggressive towards the philippines, towards australia, toward south korea, the vietnam waterways, towards us. they basically threaten war the other day said we are prepared to go to war right till the end and response to i think it was secretary pete hegseth or jd vance. whether it's a terrace or war who will fight to the very end. i think we better wake the [bleep] up and start beefing up our military that has been flatlined under the prior administration what you think? works absolutely did congressional testimony for the house armed services committee i recommended a 5% increase in defense spendi

will between russia and ukraine started, it must be seen in the context of the collapse of the soviet union during the presidency of president, governor shift. and during that period, we remember that in 1909 to with the collapse of the body in wall one can vividly remember, then set free of the united states of america saying in the 1990 that russia, which was now imagine from the soviet union should never see uh, any threat from that though, because there will be no movement, not on its extra to watch the east. those are the words of real estate baker. but subsequently we started seeing something that is very interesting from europe, the continued growth of europe, particularly they repeated union to watch the east and consuming a number of countries. and i'm using the wide, consuming very deliberately and ultimately the expansion of nato to web, based on that as well. i think garage just said on the president, bradley to put in the really you are in aging on the very undertaking that you may you are now saying that george. yeah. will be a part of their opinion on possibly later part of n

back then americans chief rival was the soviet union, and many in the west still conflate that old ussr with modern day russia. but president donald trump doesn't see russia as the enemy, but he does see europe as the bad guy in this story. it's a dramatic shift in american policy. the screening uncertainty around the world, which is another trump trademark. every thing we thought we knew about u. s. foreign policy is being turned upside down, and that's just not likely to go smoothly. and that's the bottom line. the the latest news families acclaim is what you have. an environment often became separated into chaos, leaving the children stranded for in damage childers with detailed coverage. the fathers, mothers, and children, and until every last one is phones, the world will never truly be over from the hoss of the story. schools and universities were all destroyed, depriving 10001000 of how this thing has from proper access to education. the shaker model was for translation and international understanding is inviting nominations for its 11th edition, starting january the 1st and endi

back then, americans chief rival was the soviet union, and many in the west still conflate that old ussr with modern day russia. but president donald trump doesn't see russia as the enemy, but he does see europe as the bad guy in this story. it's a dramatic shift in american policy. the screening uncertainty around the world, which is another trump trademark. every thing we thought we knew about u. s. foreign policy is being turned upside down, and that's just not likely to go smoothly. and that's the bottom line. the in between 201120138 syrian military police defect to code named caesar collected thousands of photographs of debt and torch and civilian detainees. i said to do was sent to my department to watch me off to fling, syria sees a file saved his testimony to the extreme brutality of the us address team, which was really attorney between good and out. is there a well presents and exclusive interview with caesar? as he reveals his identity and tells his dramatic story, these are on last, on al jazeera, the, there's no limit to how a dream contained to study in your own adventure.

and usually this is a response in the fall of the soviet union as opposed to just the kind of a negative abilities of new liberalism. yeah, i think the collect the collapse of this will be in union to allow the united states to imagine economic globalization on it's on it's full of scale and, and, and that include domestic restructuring and the think about what every, every major country, every one of the country restructured in the 1990s to one degree or another as a result of inflation. a high energy price is no country, it's got in the institutions that could have ameliorated that restructuring as, as, as, as, as, as devastatingly as the united states to do it. so in terms of destroying unions, broken back welfare policies, on anything that could've ameliorated the worst effects of restructuring, the united states con, no other west and country, not even the u. k. did it to such a degree as the united states. and that's what's, that's what, that's american exceptionalism. that brings me to the monroe doctrine. would you talk about in your forthcoming book america, america? this was a

in the alternative when the soviet union crashed in 1990 eastern union was reunified with west germanymade to mikko gorbachev than exchange -- in exchange for german drug -- german reunification we would maintain a presence in germany as part of nature but there would be no extension of nato's jurisdiction for forces of nature 1 inch to the east. did that happen? let's fast forward and take a look at what has happened with nato in the last several years. into his thin nato signed in 1949. the operative part of nature began after the collapse of the soviet union. in 1999 they don't it began its expansion under bill clinton to the east. and welcomed in the czech republic a cut concrete, in poland. importantly, in 2004 bulgaria, estonia, latvia, romania, slovakia, slovenia joined in a toe. money sharing director borders with russia. in 2009 albania and corporation are joint in 2017 month and a goal in 2023 again assuring a border with russia finland joint in a toe. and last year finland welcomed in sweden. it has been argued that no matter the president of russia, vladimir putin or anyone

his polish origins gave him a deep suspicion of the soviet union's claims to brotherhood. he swore it essentially as imperative them dressed up as boxes and kissinger was more of a real as then sort of believed in stabilizing balance of power between big, big states and the idea and a lot of apologists for trump that trump is a realist or a prioritize and switching from europe to china is i think, come late, sane washing of his foreign policy. there is a madness, the trump's foreign policy. i don't think you'll view as will need reminding of that gods of video, that sort of deep fake video that showed them the riviera in the middle east and the golden statues of trump. and netanyahu in trump, in swimming trunks, you know, must loving a right delta bill. but we say that while it was the fake a i generated video, it was one that president trump put out himself on his truth social. is it a mattress? yeah, this is matt this and we have a very fragile talking at present scale because the era situation between is ram and age of the oldest and most valuable piece deal bought abou

of the united states of america saying in the 1990 that russia, which was now imagine from the soviet union should never see uh, any threat from not though, because there would be no movement, not an extra to watch the.

you take away the soviet union. let me think about this. this will be union collapses in, in, in, in 1991. and the united states immediately starts to start imposes policies on itself as if it was a belligerent nation. so it's expanding the prison system. it's got to move with the rising, the police. it's d industrialize. it's such a gutting it's industrial base and you see this is as a response to the fall of the soviet union as opposed to just the kind of a negative abilities of new liberalism. yeah, i think the class, the collapse of this will be in union to allow the united states to imagine economic globalization on it's on it's full of scale and, and, and that include domestic restructuring and the think about what every, every major country, every walton country, restructured in the 1990s, to one degree or another as a result of inflation high energy prices, no country gutted the institutions that could have ameliorated that restructuring as, as, as, as, as, as devastatingly as the united states to do it. so in terms of destroying uni

back that america's chief rival was the soviet union, and many in the west still conflate that old ussr with modern day russia. but president donald trump doesn't see russia as the enemy, but he does see europe as the bad guy in the story. it's a dramatic shift in american policy. the screening uncertainty around the world, which is another 12 trademark. everything we thought we knew about us foreign policy is being turned upside down. and that's just not likely to go smoothly. and that's the bottom line, the in connecting communities. what would you like to see happen for a new syria to emerge is no way we could live in a country again where i see it is for displacement is part of our presence. opening up the conversation representation methods. we haven't had the best representation of applicants, so for us as a mouse, so in that put it to representation boxes with fresh perspectives, from lesser heard voices. the stream explores the key issues of our time on algebra . the agriculture revolution promised abundance. but it's damaging the planet to this system is destroying the habitat

. >> to american presidents until the cold war era, when the united states and the soviet union, led by a russian dictator, were locked into a decades long standoff with nuclear weapons aimed. at each other 24 hours. >> a day. >> the free world was easily. identifiable as the countries who elected their leaders in free and fair elections. the cruel dictatorships like the soviet union and china, who had been our allies during world war two, represented the other side of the cold war. those adversarial positions. held even after the. >> cold war thawed. >> but now donald trump, for the first time in american history, has become the president who is changing sides in the middle of. >> a war. >> the last leader to do. >> that. >> the last head of state to do that, was adolf hitler. >> in. world war. >> two, when he suddenly and intemperately, to say the least, after conquering poland and france and other countries, turned and attacked his ally, the soviet union. >> no other. >> european country has ever done that. which is why, after donald. trump's incoherent. raging performance in the

the cruel dictatorships like the soviet union and china, who had been our allies during world war two, represented the other side of the cold war. those adversarial positions held even after the cold war thawed. but now donald trump, for the first time in american history, has become the president. who is changing sides in the middle of a war. the last leader to do that, the last head of state to do that, was adolf hitler in world war two, when he suddenly and intemperately, to say the least, after conquering poland and france and other countries, turned and attacked his ally, the soviet union. no other european country has ever done that. which is why, after donald trump's incoherent, raging performance in the oval office on friday, european leaders embraced president zelensky in london this weekend, vowing to continue to support ukraine against a murderous russian dictator war criminal in every way they can. while donald trump was yelling in the oval office friday, the war criminal vladimir putin was firing missiles and drones into ukraine all day long. ukraine on friday didn't fire

santa was opened to is such a new type of weapon. deadly viruses for use against china on the soviet union. the desk went by weapons were tested on humans, was code named unit 731. this is david gillis. it is. a facility on the measure was fluid measure. lucio and louis that are still at the west that actually cleans the lodge. i need the wireless shooting at our store near blocker, the natalia, the laser, witness the terrible experiments. the japanese military performed on civilians and occupied china during world war 2. the recording, those horrible events is not easy for her know of any of that desk camps. few survivors, the when the lower jury began and over racial this material was due. a 7. she remembers black smoke billowing from the chimney above the building day and night. they incinerated victim, so it died during the run this experiments think of a smart up somebody else the radio. i guess there's a d, a show to a store where you 1st of all of the new shows you got it. with this material, the museum exhibits reminded her again of those terrible moments from her childhood and of

no withstanding that in april 1972, the us britain and the soviet union signed a convention strictly prohibiting such developments. and many ca, seeing this money in the 2nd year coming in super village school. but that's in the model you see in utah seems the put the she or say she can wait for the use of the really scalable authorities. tickets the full the into an easy and health minister city. if i do that so potty trying to find out what was going on in the mysterious number to us lab opened in her country in the early 19 seventies. surely if the less permit to do for the position of the shots until they go infectious diseases with isn't ition, many sales staff bad. the pollution never happened. most of the leverage ships, program or 7 base themselves and, but they're fairly to apply to get up with all this stuff. the number 2 with the federalist says, my j d with the was off. but so now what do you, is madison's official, who of them were to drive that into and save from my accounts a to be, couldn't see it asked if it is a little ask me did, didn't see what was the south of an

so that is a very different situation for him from even other soviet union. a republic like georgia, armenia, cause x don or the baltic states. so i don't think he's going to be in that particular rush to go out to those countries. but if he sees a falling apart, if he sees an opportunity, you may very well take it on the worry now and your paying capital as is if the emergency call goes out because of russia has decided to have a go at the baltics is america, go to answer the phone. that's right, but frankly, even before donald trump, even before the tensions that you're seeing right now with a nato, that was already the case. because of course, we're facing the other problem, the united states, as with china and a potential conflict with china over tie one. and it's a scenario with united states, is that what we're china? it's ability to do anything. you are going to be severely limited. so i've been telling my friends in europe that they have to figure out how to do defense of the concept without americans help regardless of the political world to support

developing offensive, biological weapons, no withstanding that in april 1972, the us britain and the soviet union assigned to conventions strictly prohibiting such developments. and many ca, seamless money in the 2nd year coming in super village school. but that's in the model you see in utah seems the put the she or say she can wait for the use of the billing, scalable authority of tickets. the full may end an easy and health minister city for dealer. so potty trying to find out what was going on in the mysterious number to us lab opened in her country in the early 19 seventies. surely if the less for me is to do for our position or the shots until we go infectious diseases with isn't ition me. the sales staff that the pollution never happened. most of the. busy larry ships program was 7 days themselves and but the very least applied to get up with all this stuff. the number 2 with a set of fits magic se with the was off of so now what do you, as marian's official who of them were to drive into land save from my sounds i we couldn't see it as if it is a little i redid didn't see what was the sou

it's with the support of the soviet union and china, oppose the splinter of the colonial system. a coalition of pro western countries took the side of ro, dcf, the gorillas carried out bold raids from the territory of zambia and mozambique, and inflicted painful blows on the races. as the situation worse in the road, easy, an army turned to chemical and biological weapons. the races boys in the water and food and planted contaminated medicines on the gorillas. this caused an epidemic of cholera and anthrax and led to masturbate to ality. however, the attempts to break down the africans resistance were feudal. the white minority relief was due in 1979. it could be delayed a year later, free elections warehouse instead of racist road. the just the state of zimbabwe appeared on the world map and became a true, vast yes. of the ideas of man, african is of the, [000:00:00;00] the mysteriously this u. s. citizen. virtually on noon in the country, was appointed by the new authorities to a key post in the ministry of health. shortly after my done several, the pacific used to them, but i

. >> general secretary, if you seek peace, if used seek prosperity you for the soviet union and easternope, if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate. mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall. >> martha: an incredible moment and that was the beginning of the tumbling of the wall literally and figuratively and for ukraine it was the beginning of their freedom and the establishment of their country in 1991. and now we find ourselves here. compare reagan in this situation and trump although obviously we understand there is a war going on and there are differences but we know that president trump admires him. >> very different personalities but using the same foreign policy because they are focusing on what is good, our technology. the reason reagan was able to win the cold war was we had a military match, we matched them on an arms basis and then targeting the soviet economy. they could no longer work on the international banking system to borrow money for example. in addition to that and the most important, russia relies on all of this income that comes from exported oil revenues. the

and obviously the soviet union and china off our largest in syria. but the situations are no less precarious today for a number of reasons. syria is in the mid place of a huge tr. ready and among geostrategic issues, russia, israel, turkey, east, and west iran terrorism. it is a mess, rebuilding it, trying to bring back the people so that they are one after the higher as of the side is going to be usually difficult. there are bands of unemployed former soldiers, barbara baptists, who are going to cause trouble. and so the work is cut out for them. okay, well the, obviously the 1st step for one of the 1st steps is to get this enter in government announced and up and running that there's 2 committees obviously that we mentioned before. that will be part of that. they will be appointed by the president, and i got ahold, significant power with no external over size. is that concerning it, or how do you think it's we're going to work? i don't know, and nobody else does the fact that there's no external to oversight. maybe a good thing or a bad thing. thes

and what about the soviet union? was there a response to the kennedy assassination and the johnson presidency early on? well, from what we know, i think the effectiveness of what johnson did was pretty strong. i mean, he doesn't give any indication from his own actions or even he quickly sets up a commission to investigate the assassination that u.s. policy is going to change very much, even keeps on. dean rusk as secretary of state to show there's not just continuity between him and kennedy, but with some personnel and and i think, you know, in some ways, some of the instability instability might have been more prevalent with kennedy, who was younger, who was less experienced, who was seen as someone khrushchev and the soviets could test, then than with johnson. so i think overall, from what we've learned, he does a pretty good job of achieving that perception, at least. speaking of continuity, did he keep the kennedy cabinet intact for a while? he keeps some of them. so secretary of state dean rusk is one example.

the aggression, the soviet union is a great, substantial arctic well and the bald and 2 projects as well as well as eighty's and a much rail the phone, the of the united nations. so in such a year of special historical significance, china, russia relations will definitely relate, embrace a series of important attendance. but the chinese president has reportedly accepted and if it's an invitation to uh, may, 9th victory day parade here, it must go whether or not he really will come with that does weight to be confirmed . we'll let you know here when i say may 9. so read squared are always that live and weld one for the meantime. appreciate you joining us. we on the, the chess willis. i am the, nobody's telling me that a humorous item built. this was the 4 digits of yellow, but it's sort of still there are some of it from the sort within the number of what it says. this woman hides her face and identity because of the nature of her job, which she's been working for almost a year and a team gathering evidence on the existence of sync with us lives in ukraine. the russian interior ministry s