they're entrenched in structures of inequality, spatial structures between where people live. they're entrenched in structures of income divides, between who has access to jobs and who comes at kind of the moments of the industrialization. there's historical structures of political divisions, and party -- who can have influence over politics and who can't. why does proposition 14 pass in 1964. why is the open housing law in california repealed. robert self shows us that part of the reason that that happened is a structural issue in political influence. those who wanted open housing, african-americans, mexican-americans, unions, those who advocated for open housing inals, they didn't have the political power. they didn't have the clout. the real estate corporations, the lenders, the banks, the homeowners associations, they did. and they had amassed it over decades. so there's historical structures of inequality that make it very difficult to fight against these things. there's institutions, right? banking institutions, real estate institutions, political institutions, homeowner

this was a structural process. and segrue also argues what, that it wasn't just some sort of adam smith invisible hand of the market, that these were choices. these were choices that he argues were rooted in labor relations. a contest of power between employers and primarily unions or workers. that's segrue's argument and he points to those kind of main issues to illustrate his point. he points to the fluidity of capital or the ability for capital to move. the ability of jobs and investment and factories to move. he points to automation. the section on automation is fascinating. it's complicated. that at the time when, again, entry level workers, not experienced, you know, not people who are experienced on an assembly line, entry level, people in some instances coming from rural agricultural backgrounds, the time that they enter american cities and undergo a process of prolatheorization that's from william monroe trotter's study of black milwaukee in the early 20th century. trotter says this ghetto stuff, right, do

you want to talk to a structural engineer. some of the high rise buildings, we were able to accurately model it down to 7 figures. we designed buildings down to that level the accuracy. it's an art and you want to talk to someone that does this for a living. >> i couple of final comments. one the best things is to help you prioritize. pat and i have looked at hundreds of earthquake buildings, may be thousands, the smallest amount of work you do, as an enormous return. >> 89, there was a building, in marina, they built opposite buildings. i went into one, had no damage. not a lick. the building next to it, identical, trash. the difference was the guy put on anchor bolts. just the fact he put in anchor bolts. he was staying there. >> i have seen the same thing with 2 sheets of plywood. i want to mention, typical san francisco buildings. we have a huge variety. we have things in the middle of the midblock held up by adjoining buildings. it's held up. it can't fall down. >> so if you live in the midblock, we have corners and have

we used a structural slab. is interconnected, going back to what john mentioned with the pilings and the caps. >> even if the ground underneath the building settles, which it could do it in an earthquake, the slab will retain its application and integrity and strength. >> that is why it is 10 inches, thicker than your normal 5 inch slab. >> why should it be thicker than the floor above? >> because the slabs on grade is a conventional slap, it is not post tension. >> one of the things the building designers do is to make the floor as thin as they reasonably can. >> there are several benefits to that. first of all, it reduces the mass of the building. we have 7.5 inch slab. conventional slab would probably be 10.5 inches, which is about 25% more concrete mass. it also reduces the overall floor to floor height, which helps with the architectural facade and the square footage. >> one of the things people are always looking at is decreasing the floor to floor height, especially in san francisco where we have clearly

you have structure and non-structural elements. steel beams are structural but it's the contents, the stuff inside, that will hurt you. outside, steel going up, structural part. in this you can see if you take a look at it, they have the non-structural which is the brownish orangish area. that would be your dropped ceilings, your light fixtures, your hvac system. in this particular case, the alcoa building, the structural members are on the outside of the building. so you can see it right away. what's the danger with this building? glass. good. glass. so you have your typical office. what are some of the hazards here? remember, earthquake island, what are some of the hazards? the lights, glass windows, yeah, glass we already talked about, the bad things. how about all the book stuff? building is still standing but everything else will fall right on top of you. bookcases, you want to secure those; right? this is what's going it happen. if you as nerts you went in there and got a report that there may be people trapped, where would y

that's a very complicated piece of structure. be designed to take a heck of a load from the engines. >> investigators also scrutinize the plane's service history. that's where the puzzle pieces start to come together. it turns out not to be a design flaw. it's a troubling maintenance practice. >> the whole issue of the accident centered on the maintenance practice of changing an engine with this pylon attached as opposed to the more correct and approved procedure, which is to take the engine away from the pylon while it's still attached to the airplane. to remove the engine from the dc-10 the manufacturer recommended detaching the engine from the pylon but leaving the pylon attached to the wing. at the time, engineers from several airlines were using a shortcut. they found if the pylon and engine were removed in one piece, they could change the engine more quickly. >> they just dropped the entire unit from the wing. changed the component and put it all back together. in theory it sounded great, on paper it looked good. >> it's wh

we have to look at it structurally. we have to ask those three questions that mills invited us to ask. what's the structure of the society, what's the history of the society, and who prevails and who doesn't. who wins and who loses. who has power. so that's kind of a half answer to the question, well, what caused the urban crisis. and i say that in the beginning, and i say it at the end, because i want you to think about it. i want you to think about those arguments. take them seriously. so one thing that caused the racial -- the urban crisis, and this comes straight out of the government report, that followed the 1960s violence, is that racial discrimination caused the urban crisis. that's straight out of the kerner commission report, or the report of the national advisory commission on civil disorders published in 1968. racial discrimination caused these problems, particularly the problems that led to the violence that erupts in cities in the mid-1960s. you know, if i could just briefly give you some insight into that

it is now with dbi in a structural plan check review. my anticipation is the permit will be through in the next couple of weeks hopefully. at that point, once the permit is issued, it is clients intention to withdraw the appeal. i would hope the board would look at this as an opportunity to move this casey2ñiv÷ along, i would request a continuance. commissioner murphy: how much of a continuance? >> i think 60 days should be sufficient. commissioner lee: does the department have anything to say? commissioner murphy: we agree with your decision. let's make it 90 days. commissioner lee: any public comment? >> e this item for 90 days. i need to do a roll-call vote. [roll call] the motion passes unanimously. commissioner lee: ok, let's go 554 fell more strict -- filmore street. xópx#q>> acting senior building inspector for the department. appeal number is 6753, address 554 filmore street. evaluation description, work includes removal of finishes, also to stained glass windows. an order of a bit with conditions, 10 days to respond, filing her

we have to look at it structurally. we have to ask those three questions that mills invited us to ask, right? what's the structure of the society? what's the history of the society? who prevails and who doesn't? who wins and who loses? who has power that's kind of a half answer to the question what caused the urban crisis. i say that in the beginning and i say it because i want to you think about it. i want you to think about those arguments and think seriously, take them seriously, and one thing that caused the urban crisis and this is straight out of the report that followed the 1960s violence is that racial discrimination caused the urban crisis. that is straight out of the turner commission report or the report of the national advisory commission on civil disorders published in 1968. racial discrimination caused erup in cities particularly the in the mid-1960s. if i could could give you insight. starting around 1964 we're at the time people refer to them as race riots and others of different political position calle

and used their position within the labor structure to exert authority over other slaves. these are the kind of relationships we're hoping to build from studying the trash we're finding and build a larger complete picture what the slave community was like. the folks that lived here are more than just property. they were human beings, they had family and relationships with each other, that is what we're trying to reconstruct. what we can see, we're excavating, we're in between two buildings. you have a corner of a building right here. you can see the corner right here. 16 feet over in this direction, you have another brick corner, on the other side we found brick up in these locations but they give evidence the structure was 16 by 32 feet. now this would have been -- would have had brick footers but the structure would have been a wooden building with wooden build, similar to the reconstructed other structures, and this is the base of the chimney stack. this stack would have been brick all wait up through the top of the roof, and this little indent here is where the hearth

this is the second duplex structure. this one is a little bit different than that one in terms of how it was built. this one had a stone chimney base. again, you would have had two households in this duplex. one would have had a space, 16 by 16 feet here. and would have had a hearth that was inside of this chimney. on the other side there would be a hearth here, there would have been a raised wooden floor and a 16 by 16 space for another household. and it probably would have been anywhere from four to six people living in each one of these -- these spaces. so total, you'd get maybe 10 to 12 people in one of these duplexes. you'd get three of those. so you're looking at maybe 25, 30 people in this area. alternatively, one of these duplexes could have been used by -- when visitors would come to see the madisons, they would have been bringing their personal slaves, their coachmen, a number of folks that would have been serving them. they would have needed a place to stay. maybe that was servant guest housing. it's hard to s

this is the second duplex structure. this one is a little bit different from that one in terms of how it was built. this one had a stone chimney base, so, again, you would have had two households in this duplex. one would have had a space 16x16 foot here and would have had a hard th hearth that would have been inside this chimney and on the other side there was another hearth here and you would have had a raised wooden floor and there was a 16x16 space for another household and there probably would have been anywhere from four to six people living in each one of these spaces, so total you've got maybe 10 to 12 people in one of these duplexes. you've got three of those, so you're looking at maybe 25, 30 people in this area. alternatively one of the duplexes could have been used by when visitors came to see the madisons, they were bringing their personal slaves and coachmen and a number of folks serving them, they would have needed a place to stay. maybe it was servant guesthousing. it's hard to say. it's been seen on othe

more importantly, you have a license structural engineer that writes a letter saying the structural calculations meet with the current code. in addition to that, he writes an affidavit this is all of the special complications are in order. this home is going to be sold to someone. this person will have all of the documents. that is what is important. that is what is critical. the department's job is to validate the permits. a licensed professional is writing the letter to say everything is in order. what else do we need to do? what is beyond that? we must stop this harassment. that is all it is. all the issues have been complied with. final inspections have been issued. the structural calculations have been reviewed and verified. what else? this has to stop. it is painful enough that people have to go through the pro

part of it is structural. in other words, it's not going to be better once the economy gets back to full employment. so i think you have to pay attention to the recovery in the very short run. you can't ignore that. but it's important to create a credible plan for long-run sustainability as soon as possible, and that would remove a risk to our economy. >> i agree, but to the extent that you explained this to the public and explained it loudly and more demonstrably, i would think they could then understand the need for the structural reforms. at this point i don't think it's understood. >> the time of the gentleman has expired. the chair now recognizes the gentleman from massachusetts, mr. lynch, for five minutes. >> t mr. chairman. thank you, mr. chairman, for your willingness to help this committee with its work. in your remarks, i think, at page 4, you cited the concern regarding the downside risk to the economic outlook that's due to stressors in the european banking system and the eurozone in general. and

but the structure is still up there. scott sanchez: either any specific signs that you are thinking of? commissioner miguel: i think the old laughlin brothers sign, and a couple of other furniture stores. scott sanchez: certainly there could be -- commissioner miguel: but not with that wording anymore. scott sanchez: it could be an unfortunate issue if it was not done with appropriate permits. we can look into that. commissioner sugaya: could we continue on the signs for a minute? i have a comment on the signs. could we clarify -- is the definition we are using for signs, does it include billboards or not? when we get into route signs, for example around even square -- eden square, there are a number of signs that i consider to be billboards. i do not know if that is a different kind of sign. scott sanchez: there are different definitions for a business sign and a general advertising sign. under prop g, no new general advertising signs are allowed. you are allowed relocation, but it has to make the code. the general adve

but such structures were constructed in all the environments where slavery existed. here you see examples moving from rural to urban, left to right, from plantations, small farms, in small towns, and in cities. and they reflected the spatial constraints or lack thereof, construction techniques, and to some degree the architectural styles of the places in which they were built. they also illustrate differing proximities between enslaver and enslaved, and they testify to the active use of architectural hierarchy to reinforce the condition of bondage. and, i would argue, that such buildings are not only significant but also sacred, because they offer some of the only spaces in which people deny their very humanity maintained any semblance of a private life in which they might reassert it. now, no such specific structure was provided for and ark tech benjamin latrobe, who was the designer of this building and decatur house. there was no provision for the completion of decatur house for any type of structure like this. decatur house was the first private residence constru

the structure meets all building codes of 2011, which was -- which the structure was required to meet 550 jersey has a certificate of occupancy. during construction on july 27, we were notified there was a complaint. the permit was issued in error appeared on august 10, 2011, the zoning administrator reinstated a permit from planning department perspective. on august 15, 2011, the chief building inspector informed us work it can proceed. this was from the perspective of the department of building inspection. this approval is the last time this permission had been allowed to be challenged. for us to be here today is a clear indication of how the process is being manipulated for unscrupulous reasons to circumvent building in san francisco. on the 17th, another complaint was filed, that the bill was two feet too high. the building inspector measured the building. he witnessed it was as per approved plan allows. on december 13, 2011, another site visits by senior inspectors. the planning department also witnessed the building being measured again. again, the house was exactly as per plan.

we looked at the force structure, the nuclear strategic force structure, icbm bombers and the two-year delay is not -- we're comfortable with that in the department. with what we have to deliver as it stands today. now, as you know, there's a study underway, post nuclear posture study subject to pending the results of that. we're comfortable. but we need to bring the ohio replacement in. it's important. it is the survival piece of the triad and the department has been pretty clear on that to us in general. >> changing subjects from ballistic missiles marines to attack submarines with the constant theme, virginia class within your budget is doing two a year. i thank you gentlemen for yo your -- and your predecessors for working on that. it took many years. but we're slipping one of the boats and that of course is a -- it causes problems in the overall course of the program and let me ask you either the secretary or the cno where you would concur that would add additional costs to the program over time and what steps you might take to mitigate if we could include an additional ship allow

we need to rethink our structure. we should target our discounts to those who need it. >> that is important in terms of revaluating the structure, and i think it is a very strong argument your your -- id is a very strong argument. i am all about helping low- income people access to public transportation, whether through discounts or what ever is, but my concern is i think we all know this will not go away after two years, because once you have something like this, it is extremely hard to take it away from people once they have come to rely on its, and i do not see any plan to fund this. perhaps we will be able to cobble together the funding. but will not be there in the long run, and i am concerned it will put additional annual obligation on muni going forward, and that means two things. first, we have to cut $7.9 million from something, and that means it will come out of the maintenance budget and that we will have switch failures and store failures and all the things said make it not work for poor kids and rich peop

this is why the president set up structures in the nuclear security summit for instance is a structure that will hopefully continue into the future regardless of which president is there president bush created the proliferation security initiative this is also a nonproliferation agenda item that he had but no president obama has so the goal here is for the president to create structures that sustain regardless of who wins the election and i think we will see more of that i hope that works out joe thanks so much for joining us today. are you guys it's time for you said it i read it right take time to respond to my brilliant and engaging viewer comments from facebook twitter and you too can you got some to say i listen now first i want to respond to if you would wash my interview with derek crowe on lockheed martin's a lobbying prowess the three one one one comment on you tube of law he didn't do all that lobbying some other company would come in and do the exact same thing don't hate the player hate the game and i certainly agree that the entire system is beyond screwed up there has bee

very intricate. >> structures on structures on structures. >> exactly. you're wondering how in the world could someone make these? the automation manufacturing and robotic group at the oak ridge national lab in tennessee are creating all of these like prosthetics and robot parts and little machines -- little machines? >> yeah. >> little machines. >> little machines? >> machines? machines? >> all from what is basically like a 3-d printer. >> these printers freak me out because they print things and they will actually have like working parts. >> this goes beyond all of that because they're making like prosthetic limbs. look at this hand. look how details that hand is. it moves. joints just like fingers. >> you know what it is? science that we can't explain -- magic. >> we'll bring in our resident magician to explain it to us. >> bring him in. >> there you are, zach. >> zach. >> so happy to have you back. now this thing is amazing and very cool and right up your alley. >> aidetive manufacturing. this done through electron melting. they lay down a very thin

this building is a completely contained structure.hat is the design of all modern high rise buildings. >> let's get back to the building. now we can build since the 1850s a high rise building. and most of them are built to steel frame. >> the building code basically said after a certain height which was 65 feet, you had to go to a steel-frame building. and that code has been in fact since the -- in effect since the '20s. once you went above a certain height you had to go to steel frame. if you looked, even in the '06 quake, steel-framed buildings, almost everyone i know except 1 in the '06 quake went through the quake just fine except one that had a lot of damage. it's interesting, the structural steel institute did a survey of san francisco after the '06 earthquake, that happened was the only building they omitted in their report. >> the williams building which actually had -- >> a lot of damage. all the other buildings went through fine. >> the steel frame is comprised of a number of different parts. >> there is a square box column

so i wondered about the fee structure. i'm going to hold the rest of my questions whic many in nature and pass it along to you, joe. >> thank you. thank you. the president's budget request of $1.566 billion is an increase of $245 million over your current operating level. the budget request states that this level of funding the support 676 new positions. so i have a question if various parts. one, what would happen to what you want to accomplish if you were not to get these new positions? secondly, if you were to get them, how quickly you could hire? >> sure. well, i think if we were to not get the new positionors that level of funding, a couple things would be implicated. our investments in information technology which are sorely needed to make us a more efficient and more agile and frankly more expert regulator would be severely implemented. and we have a number of major technology programs that are of deep interest not just to us and how we do our job but to the public to public corporations and to investors generally.

structural soundness is for jerkily concerning. and offices have also stated the building is used as a shield for criminal activity and would like to see reduced. it is used not only as a public urinal, but at least four people to defecate on a regular basis. the department of public works spent a great deal of time and money cleaning that building. it does not make sense the building is allowed to remain under unsafe conditions for so violation and give the building, but the department seems to be very unwilling to use the tools at their proposal to bring the property to code and a reasonable amount of time. an example of this would be $6,000 in fines for apparently no reason. it does not seem to make sense. i want to ask the commission to look into this matter and take aggressive action against the owners. thank you. >> think you for your comments. -- thank you. >> any additional public comment? item #6, appeals pursuant to section d3750.4 of t city charter. appeal by joseph butler. 6a, discussion and possible action regarding th

structure has resulted in greater economic growth in those states with lower tax structures? i can give you a better example, which is that -- it's not exactly true but basically what the suspect proposing to return the effective tax rates to the level that prepailed in the second half of the '90s. we have a great national experiment of how well the american economy did in that. that was a period of enormous growth for the american economy. very high rates of productivity growth, profitable time for american business, individuals. no material evidence from that period of time that those tax rachlts at that time were damaging to economic growth prospects. i think that's a best example. another way to think about this and we're having a national debate about this, it's a good debate to have. what would you do otherwise? because we can't borrow the trillion dollars we need to sustain them. it's unfair to ask people to take that out of medicare benefits. hard to imagine we should ask other americans, middle class americans to raise their taxes, to protect the rich from higher tax

i would like to first return to the subject of our structural debt. wauft major players in our economy hassed the number one driver is medicare and medicaid and our health care spending, nothing comes close. that, of course, was our president, barack obama. so i would suggest to the ranking member when convenient he first debate the president on the subject before he debates us. i would skk this, p if we cut the pentagon by 50%, have we solved the long-term skrushgtal debt crisis in our nation? yes, that's you. >> you refer to headlight calthd this is where costs go up faster than gdp. the output of the health care industry is not that markedly better than other countries, so clearly not only for fiscal issues but also for private sector productivity. it's an important issue to address, and as a mart of arithmetic it is true that over time the increasing share of the total outlay will go with medicare, medicaid and other health-related programs. it's very important to address that. on page 7 of your testimony you say the employment is largely determin

the largest financial institutions, structured finance products and capital markets trends. these offices are helping ensure that investors have clear information about items that could, without the sunlight of disclosure, turn into malignant trends or dangerous practices. in addition, court fans disclosure teams have been proactive in targeting specific disclosure issues which have potentially significant consequences. they've prompted companies to provide critical information about the potential financial impact of repatrioting cash from overseas. they've raised questions about whether companies are properly disclosing their litigation contingencies, and they've worked with enforcing accounting by stepping up scrutiny of related filing. court fan has also taken a lead in providing companies guidance on how they reply to fast-changing market. the staff issued guidance regarding a way financial services firms should disclose their exposure to european sovereign debt in time for these firms to use it when they prepare their annual report, helping to provide investors with ade

and i think that's just -- goes down to the basic structure of the law. we know there's an ongoing discussion about the cfpb's organizational structure. it's also a big concern that i have. should the cfpb destructure be the same structure at the house under democrat control passed in the 111th congress which is also the structure that we've been advocating in this committee during this congress. or should the structure remain as it is today with few checks and balances,ible, for the american public. now while the structure discussion continues, i think that we all should be able to agree on some fundamental principles. first, strong consumer protection is important. necessary and good for consumers and private sector businesses. second, the cfpb's rule making and other processes should be constructive and transparent while thoroughly and objectively considering all viewpoints from interested parties. third, regulations that stifle legitimate product availability, innovation, competition and growth would be inefficient and uneffective. as we move forward,

, whether of government or cultural structures or economic structures, and they're trying to change those transformatively, and so today there's not much of a left of that kind. at one point, 100 years ago, the socialist party drew 6% of the vote in presidential election of 1912, and elected thousands of local officials all over the country, including places like antler, oklahoma, a little town of 700 people. we don't think of oklahoma particularly strong to socialism but it used to be one of the leading states for socialism. 12% of the population voted for sociali candidates at the local and state level. today the left of that kind is sort of collapsed. most people on the left are less inclined to vote for democratted. they don't have a party to vote for of any size or importance. but "occupy wall street," which just began last fall, in september -- a lot of people in "occupy wall street" have begun to talk in traditional ways that leftists talked about. economic inequality, trying to change the structure of mesh capitalism radically in order to bring about more of an egalitarian economy

that architect will refer a structural engineer or mechanical engineer. usually you don't need a mechanical engineer most of that is built by the plumbers. if it 's sophisticated job the architect might suggest you get a structural. >> these are all good architects who has experience or a contractor who says you are dig out the foundation, you need an architect, structural engineer and need a soils test. >> what you described is a good team if you do a foundation replacement orre engineering project. if you are doing a building addition and hire an engineer and have someone who draws up what's designed, unless they are licensed architects or have an architect on staff or, you are not hiring a designer you are hiring an engineer. some of them do very good work but it's not the same concept. a draft person draws like a cook here's what i'm serving and here's what i will make and the cook makes it. the drafter draws. >> there are people part of the team, permit consultants who know the complex intaccuracies of san francisco builting permit system. it's very

and as president obama made clear, the size and structure of our military and defense budgets have to be driven by a strategy, not the other way around. after this difficult fiscal period, we have to be more smarter and efficient in how we shape our defense budget. the strength of orge part on th strength of our economy and the long term strength of our economy depends in large part on putting together a plan to reduce our debt in a credible and predictable way. last year the former chairman of the joint chiefs of staff admiral mike mullen warned policymakers of this risk. he said, our national debt is our biggest national security threat. from 2001 to 2010, the base pentagon budget, separate from the war effort, nearly doubled. in 2010, the united states spent more on defense than the next 17 countries combined. and more than half of the amount spent by those 17 countries was from seven nato countries and four other close allies, japan, south korea, australia and israel. last year admiral mullen argued that the flush defense budgets had allowed the pentagon to avoid making difficult