i checked the numbers for south korea in 2010 under trump. he trade deficit was 18 billion between u.s.-south korea could -- in 2018. in 2023 of its 51. somebody in the right direction. i don't know if that will raise alarm bells with trump but i think for south korea the last three come for years has been $113 billion in korean investment in the u.s. suddenly the u.s. is slapping ten, 20% tariff or how how is that going to affect investments? my personal view is i think there's clearly benefits best for american workers, creating jobs. i think it addresses national security concern related to things like semiconductor supply chains. can the u.s. manufactured a sufficient number of semiconductors in chips without support from allies? that a lot of ramifications for putting up these tariff but it is going to again cause i think a bit of a headache i think for allies if these things come up. let me end on a positive know. i know we are focused on challenges with a new administration come in and this would be true of any change in government i th

the sea? oh, wow. south korea is going to do next. i got the country of coast to be keeping a close eye on the middle. this is china, capital china as being growing closer to russia since it stops and it's war in ukraine. it's never old. it's also never sent weapons to most go. but what it support this north korea troops transfer right now john is saying that this is a problem, but we must have been young and that it's their summer and bright to do what they ever want of use on the though there be an indication the child is not very happy because if this was a additional pension in the korean peninsula of, that's not what china actually once they're just happened, they want stability, they're, china will not be germany. and then this set for the 1st because trays review are from the united states as mary, very strategically important for gender. they won't do anything. ready that we decide shows a secondary sanctions on on them, but they won't those so either they won't condemn it too. so china is going to keep trying to keep a low pro

, but the dominant into until the north korea and even even the americans have tons of time. no, no, and then to sort of get the north koreans to come down on wretched things down when things got cheap, cheap at all. but now china has to compete with russia. been having influence volvo on what north korea can, will do. and this creates a problem for china, particularly at a time when north korea is attracting too much attention. on ne agents acute with us to north korea is reasonable. butcher's, it's seem a rattling, it's icbm test and what advice to come down the road which is not looking very good . and this is just just building the sheet on the region in china. would like things to stay state to school because things already like tennis between china and the west, possibly the united states and as opposed to trying to sell them a balanced situation. because it's interesting to be tied to the wisdom of san francisco with the economy. and so trying to think on the interest from at this time as well, and not to have things go ta

the good war korea, this is the experience.ou come back convinced that your service isn't being recognized whereas the parades, you know, where's where's the glory? and so the fact that the korean wars are war veterans are ticked off. welcome to the veteran experience. you know, that's that's what had happened the in terms of the impact of i would just say i'm terrible with numbers so i actually wrote these down but in terms of like the war these are fiscal us budget in 1950 so that would end in june 1950, 140,000,000,002 years, 1952 400 billion total personnel. the us armed forces in 1950 1,500,000 1952, 3,600,000. total member the united states army in 1950 600,000 and of truman. it had it way it would have been cut down to almost 500,000. 1952 over 1,600,000 in some sense. it is a forever war because it sets the the cold war parameters of a of a us military that's no longer sort of saying, well, we can stay in the united states and bomb people from from a distance, but have a permanent presence. and so i'll end with one last

then the -- imagine why my editor in korea had issues with that. basically, it's largely thanks to [ inaudible ] who is in here but his origins of the korean war book the full translation came out for the first time this past summer, completely coincidentally with the translation of my book, and even with previous translations that began in the 1980s, it was actually a banned book in south korea at one point because it was considered so controversial from the south korean point of view. but his reference, you know, to the korean war was according to south korean terminology. he was basically saying, you know, the 6/25 reference is oftentimes used by those who want to simplify the origins of the war to that particular date, and you've already learned the time from the first panel why there are sort of issues with that and why we might want to have a more complicated and nuanced understanding so he said, you're basically playing right back into the hands of the cold war logic of dating the korean war to june 25th. he had a fair argument, but i also th

and there is not the same media attention in korea. so, you'll get some american officers talking about how our positions are littered with dead peasants who have come out at night and gotten shot by shiftio naturally in the conversation is the role of civilians and the impact of the war on civilians. and korea certainly is a marker of that. and i think it's emblematic of the cold war at large. is that the vast majority casualties are civilian. by the end of the korean war, in particular, half the population are refugees. and so is there something maybe particular about the korean war that makes that happen? is it guerrilla warfare? is it is there something on the racialization that makes the civilian experience something that historians should pay attention to in increased ways? i mean, i think it's the potency of both sides. i mean, these are are two very formidable adversaries that are bringing a lot of firepower to bear and are fighting attention to in increased ways? >> i think it's the potency of both sides.s these are two formida

they use totally different words to refer to the koreas so that book that i just told you about, the translation finally came out this summer. so all summer was basically in korea, making sure that the translation was accurate. and this was really important to because it was essentially treating north korean history, but being published in the south. and i wanted to sure that it was not using the terminologies that are commonly used in the south, that it would be faithful to the terminologies used during the time that i'm speaking about historic. lee and so i was actually at the trip, thank goodness i'm bilingual. so i was looking at the translation and with a fine tooth comb. in any case, one of the major sticking points between editor and myself was how to refer to the korean war. someone like my mom's generation. for them, it's 6 to 5. it's the way that we refer to, for example, nine, 11. it's the date when these smaller attacks across the border, this brewing civil war, basically escalates into a full blown war. june 25th. but you the edit the reason and so i wanted to say let's j

the status quo. that will affect north korea. the only country that china has relations of alliance is north korea because china has a policy of not aligned from 1978. but if there is something happens in taiwan strait i think there should be prearrangement between china and north korea to make some pressure on u.s.-rok or south chris went to deal with two fronts confrontation at the same time. we might help united states with military power before that to make a successful deterrence we have to cooperate with united states economically, diplomatically. also how we interview korean war will be very important. remains as an example of -- we don't want repeat that. so not just about mitchell, went to cooperate with united states come what south korea can do in terms of policy. there are a lot of south koreans in beijing so there are many things to consider. but i but i can say there'se participation going on between u.s. and south korea government. >> you wanted to southeast asia perspective? >> i think taiwan contingency would be a

the status quo. that will affect north korea. the only country that china has relations of alliance is north korea because china has a policy of not aligned from 1978. but if there is something happens in taiwan strait i think there should be prearrangement between china and north korea to make some pressure on u.s.-rok or south chris went to deal with two fronts confrontation at the same time. we might help united states with military power before that to make a successful deterrence we have to cooperate with united states economically, diplomatically. also how we interview korean war will be very important. remains as an example of -- we don't want repeat that. so not just about mitchell, went to cooperate with united states come what south korea can do in terms of policy. there are a lot of south koreans in beijing so there are many things to consider. but i but i can say there'se participation going on between u.s. and south korea government. >> you wanted to southeast asia perspective? >> i think taiwan contingency would be a

korea? i think the relationship _ north korea? i think the relationship is _ north korea? ating and i very firmly think that even if the ukraine war were to end the relationship between russia and north korea would continue in some way, shape or form. what we're seeing is the relationship between moscow and pyongyang has gone beyond its mere transactional foundations to much more of a strategic and even ideological partnership. what does that mean in practice? is it a case that resources are there and transportable from north korea to make a significant impact on the fighting in ukraine? in to make a significant impact on the fighting in ukraine?- the fighting in ukraine? in my view the deployment - the fighting in ukraine? in my view the deployment of - the fighting in ukraine? in my view the deployment of north j view the deployment of north korean troops is unlikely to have a significant impact on putin's overall strategy with respect to the ukraine war. but it is a clear signal both to russia for the relationship between north korea and russia and vice a versa but also

the first unit to go to korea and i want to remember this, the first unit to go to korea was the 24th division was operation smith. okay. the 24th infantry regiment, that 25th division, which was we was alerted and we didn't leave until july july. i personally know that we landed and pulls l company on the 13th of july. we all got off the boats. we got on a train. we rode that for about 4 hours. we got dismounted from that train and mounted on the trucks for another hours. i was for a combat and july 20th we had the first of fire we took fire and we had take the town or you shot you in korea that the north koreans had overrun the south korea. it us about 16 hours they didn't jump and 16 hours we took that town that's the first victory in korea and it was taken by the 24th infantry buffalo soldiers. people are unaware of this is not in the books they didn't put it in the paper because it was colored troops. first thing we heard. oh the 24th, they dropped weapons. they ran they didn't fight. they didn't fire laid in. gentlemen, let me tell you some how many units korea overran a p.o.w..

the vision for the pacific look forward to another at the earliest opportunity. korea is increasingly powerful around the world and a pivotal state. we look forward to hosting korea next year. for the alliance. the united states korea for. the fact that we have joined together and processed the future. thank you. [inaudible] cohosted the endless time of geopolitical transformation and its ever-increasing of one of his ministers and it was a family endeavor and it strengthens the alliance by having apprehensive discussions. cooperation and in collaboration. the social security under this threat. going forward. and the habitual requirement in the enforcement of the rent. and the implementation and are evinces the communication. in for the u.s. videos and the cooperation and it confirms the treaty. additionally, it is in the defense industry and the foundation of the alliance and we agreed to continue work on this. the freedom of navigation in the obligations and it is crucial. we have reiterated support with ukraine and sharing this view we are deleting the alliance goin

well, what do you think the implications might be for south korea, specifically its yep. um for the south koreans themselves, i think the concern is predominantly the warranty that north korea now that it has this the pump ship with moscow. so symbolized not only by the dispatch of troops to come back to, to fighting in a, in course that combined with the new cooperation with the russians, will be minded to try and develop. it says, to teach capabilities. and as your report was outlining, it's the concern that a more confident kim jong may be inclined to test the limits of security on the grandparents here. that's why we have seen president young come out very clearly. at the apex summit improves saying that this represents, and that's it by both pollution and kim john going to show shore up there a james, we've had this discussion by the side squared government about the possibility of expanding their assistance to ukraine. but there is no doubt that they see kim jong an as in bold and, and therefore they are genuinely concerned about the consequences of this. and the med

i mean the same as north korea. the chemist in partnership with the run has been going on for quite some time and are exploring the oaks and they celebrate that there are together for phones on those and having a consultation with these routes. and they want to have a lifeline and security support. and of course here the, the interest of both parties much now, is there any one action that you would recommend for europe and the west to come to russia's strategic alliances right now as well. the problem is our top or the west and the solve for strategic alliances. most us, we both online to is you pacific countries and then of course, with a native to europe. and there's a big question mark on us. precision bottle calls. all your peons, especially germination, rethink their policy or restraints because it has multiple access to a restraint on the other side, you know, for to policy. and we have to actually is publishing russia. we've either renewed sanctions, oma really turned, delivers to ukraine. so it's outreach pol

korea. not just threatening the us as long time, ally and partner south korea. but the threatening europe's interest. uh these are the ukraine. so i, i said, and again, we don't know exactly how that is going to boil it, how it's going to come out in terms of how trump and his national security team are going to interpret this. and try to take action against it. but i think the thing is, is that this is tara and over. this is very different from the last trump administration in terms of the problems with the north korean regime. and we've got to see or have some sort of clear signal as to how they're going to handle this. but it's much messier and much more difficult and is no longer amenable to a possible personality to personality strong man, to strong man a cord that those days seem to be over. yeah, and the last time we sold that personalities to personalities strong man to strong man accorded than actually result in anything. i know i could see that you weren't agreeing with freedom the as well. it might not amount to anything, but uh, this is still the way

so we come from the time when and north korea has been sending a balloon spilled with trash over to the border to south korea. been there were a lot of rhetoric and threats, a good main, the directed against the south korean up to west. what's the us but really again south korea and then um we have south in north korea sending and more than 10000 troops and heavy weapons to rush that they have to get basically compet experience in fighting against ukraine. that is very concerning for sal squared, because the question is what, what north korea getting return? one theory is that they will get military technology by russia. been this friday we had north korean leader kim jong calling for mass production of suicide drones. so exactly the worst case scenario from the perspective of so that is really alarming and then today control, and that's called it's on me to complete its preparation for what i mean. what could be the next step? if you look at it from a books i perspective and uh, the escalation spiral is continuing and continuing. and we're really at a very dangerous point right now. an

the north army is massive 1200000 soldiers and regularly provoke south korea. with missile tests and border confrontation of south koreans. worried that the north will gain valuable combat experience in russia and possibly in ukraine itself. the north is also testing its military equipment against the western systems, south korea and president he on. so your said his country could review the possibility of sending military aid to ukraine poor and get more weapons into the conflict. the wild card is the u. s. president elect. donald trump has praised both north korea's kim john and russians. vladimir putin. trump takes office on the 20th of january, a waiting game where everything is on the line for ukraine. alexander lift gate is the age up program coordinator of the european council on foreign relations, and joins us now from berlin. alexander, welcome to the double, you know, president zalinski and the report we just saw it called north korea's involvement in major escalation to share this assessment or yeah, absolutely. i think we're thinking about the signif

the battlefield. and for north korea's own relations with its neighbors. for us as cor, ask region where ukrainian troops had been fighting to hold land. they seized at the end of the summer. now they say they're not just fighting russian soldiers, but north koreans as well. this footage, released by ukraine's intelligence agency, appears to show north korean soldiers receiving uniforms and equipment at the military base. in the far east of russia since then, western intelligence agencies say an estimated 10 to 12000 north korean troops have traveled to the course region supporting russian troops trying to retake the territory. north korean soldiers could free up russian troops that moscow wants on the front line in eastern ukraine. but it's unclear just how much of a difference they'll make in the war. not least because of a language barrier with their russian counterparts. more significant may be the ripple effects of a 3rd country sending troops into the conflict. a special young with the 1st of the battles with north korean soldiers, good white mark a n

korea. that will be the hope. north korea. that will be the ho e. . north korea. hat will be the hoe. ., ~ ., ., , hope. can ukrainians offer these systems _ hope. can ukrainians offer these systems on - hope. can ukrainians offer these systems on their - hope. can ukrainians offer. these systems on their own, hope. can ukrainians offer- these systems on their own, or do they need western support to do they need western support to do that. in terms of a similar decision from uk and france, do you expected to be imminent? i do expect france on the uk to follow suit, although we may not get formal announcement. as for as the announcement of the weapons, the details are secretive, but i understand while ukraine could theoretically fire the systems into russia, if they want to be confident of hitting something, particularly the high—priority targets you want to hit with these systems and very scarce, you need a degree of western involvement with intelligence, with a mission support, and so in practice the answer is yes, ukraine does need assistance in using these syste

to who i really monitoring these sanctions are concerned about the things that does make the oil that north koreas is about russia and the fact that russia is willing to violate sanctions so openly. 0ne former un monitor was saying to me that this really shows that russia is now, has this new level of contempt for sanctions, he said, this contempt for the international order and so, the concern is notjust order and so, the concern is not just what russia order and so, the concern is notjust what russia is going to be giving north korea but what this means for the international order overall. jean mackenzie, thanks very much indeed. around the world and across the uk, this is bbc news. more now on our top story. president putin has warned western countries that russia could strike their military facilities if ukraine uses their weapons against russian territory. i'm joined by matthew sussex, an associate professor of strategic and defence studies at the australian national university. hejoins us now here on he joins us now here on the programme. welcome. to begin with, i wonder what you can tell u

i turned to the bbc correspondent in seoul, jean mackenzie. because koreasince the end of the korean war — people here have sort of grown up on us culture and film—makers in particular were looking to hollywood for inspiration and so, by the time the audiences arrived and the world was ready for korean content, the content already looked the part — it had this hollywood sheen — so it was ready to fly. ok, that's understandable forfilm and perhaps for television series. but what about, for instance, music — about k—pop? one of the interesting dynamics with k—pop — and i think for k—pop, you really have to look at bts because they are the most famous k—pop group and they are the band that really broke through internationally first. they came onto the scene in i think it was 2013 they were filmed, but it took them a few more years to get this global recognition. but they did something quite different to the k—pop bands of before. rather than just offer people their music and their music videos, they invited fans behind the scenes — so, into their lives — they

at the same time, north korea has confirmed it launched. i mean, it's a continental ballistic missile towards the sea of japan. the test was condensed bike, south korea, and japan. meanwhile, the as has the guns folks with china to start your career from entering the conflicting ukraine that was reported by the new york times. according to the us, north korea sent about 10000 troops to russia who are currently undergoing training and will be sent to fight against ukraine within weeks. russia has neither confirmed nor denied information. south korea considered as north korea's participation in the ukraine and conflict and direct security threats to the countries and small screens. soldiers will gain real combat experience plus, always concern that most could make shirts, ministry technology with peeling young in exchange for the troops national. pop oliver onto 0 most for at least 12 people have been killed off to an outdoor roof collapsed to the train station in northern sub you. risk is working to recover those trapped on to the level. the

against south korea. so the fact that now because the russian needs north korea, they no longer stop north korea becoming more and more dangerous. and i think that is what secretary general jets i was talking about that it is very concerning that a nation that was so isolated now suddenly is out there playing a role, an important role for russia. when it comes to the ministry, even bringing in the nuclear issue, how much is deterrence? and how much is a real threat to use what you have? you mean nuclear? yeah, the general in general. yeah. and i'm telling nuclear in that in a very wide way. but i will tell you that nuclear weapons is more about deterrence and actually using how concerned should we be that nuclear could become real? i would say in general, we have an we have agreed amongst the states with nuclear weapons that a nuclear war should not be fought and actually cannot be one if that the boy is broken by any of the nations with oak or weapons. then we have a completely different discussion then we have

on the other hand, china is probably concerned about the kinds of capabilities that north korea may a quiet in return for this assistance. and it might also be concerned that the influence of china in most korea may decrease and the influence of russia in most career would increase as a result of ethics proficient at san diego state university. make you have an alexi explaining quite to get your thoughts on the w. thanks so much for your time. my pleasure. thank you. jim and is closing all 3 of ronnie and general consulates in the country in response to the execution of a gentleman are running into a national in type around 3 days ago for our minister and the bulk announced the move saying that relations with iran had reached an all time low she called for an the a you to extend sanctions against iran. berlin had been wanting of severe consequences for months prior to the execution of jam. she'd shem of germany's and best of the to around less. tyrone yes, today is diplomatic tensions rise of of the killing. they don't believe political correspondent, julia south dailey told us more a

now, it's fascinating, that's one of the most isolated countries in the world. north korea is now sort of seeing itself part of the international community because it is allowed by russia because suddenly russia and also china no longer enforce the un security council resolutions that were decided upon with the help of russia and china on the nuclear weapons of north korea, the ballistic missiles, so the whole armster race that is going on in north korea itself. we're going south korea. so the fact that now, because the russian needs north korea, they no longer stop north korea becoming more and more dangerous. and i think that is what the secretary general gets. i was talking about that it is very concerning that a nation that was so isolated now suddenly is out there playing a role, an important role for russia. when it comes to the ministry, even bringing in the nuclear issue, how much is the terrance and how much is a real threat to use what you have? you mean nuclear? yes. in general, in general. yeah. and i'm telling nuclear in that in a very wide way, but i will tell

and so this is seen more as a signal to the north korea to stay out of the fight. and not so much as something that is going to help your brain uh, when or when does for a step home, what do you think? will it make a difference for ukraine? and as if it is, as you suggest, is restricted to what north korea and troops may or may not be. would it impact the long term uh, cost of the war and ukraine's favor as well. i don't think so in any way, going to make a major change in your trajectory or more. so the video to be quite clear. yeah. and the disposition, if you really would have been meant to enable crime to win this field trip, the main body to turn off is going on on the voltage on stage 4. 0, one pressure against are you crying? that said, i think it's very important that the decision has been made on us off, given that whatever on donald trump might be counting, it looks like he will impose the seas file on the front lines as the exist at the moment. and he tries to make his students so from this perspective anything that can help you create now will be benefi

world war two ends with the northern part of korea in the hands of soviet troops. united states and soviet representatives meet in seoul to reach agreement on unification korea, but it becomes clear the russians, under general radical are not interested in a free, united but are determined to bring the entire country under communist domination. koreans north the 38th parallel the boundary line between free and communist held korea hearing of the liberty and prosperity existing below the line come in thousands to the new republic fleeing autocratic communist people's republic. in june 1950, unprovoked without warning a ruthless, bloody invasion of south korea was launched by north korean. lettering. on this tank. however, russian. the united states acts quickly to check the red aggression. subsequently, the united nations a directive ordering the north koreans to cease their unprovoked attack. the directive ignored the united nations asked for additional military strength. red china enters the war, allying herself with the north korean, military setbacks and world in

and one of the things they are doing is delivering technology to north korea, which is now threatening in the future. the maintenance of the us continental your advert. also, our partners in the, in the pacific. defend, for example, and the republic, a free of. indeed, south korea is intensely worried about its northern neighbors move. the north army is massive 1200000 soldiers and regularly provoke south korea with missile tests and border confrontation. south koreans worried that the north will gain valuable combat experience in russia and possibly in ukraine itself. the north is also testing its military equipment against the western systems, south korea and president young sir. your said, his country could review the possibility of sending military aid to ukraine, pouring yet more weapons into the conflict. the wild card is the u. s. president elect donald trump has praised both north korea's kim john own and russia's vladimir putin. trump takes office on the 20th of january, a waiting game where everything is on the line for ukraine. earlier i spoke to ghost of glass, so these are

i arrived in korea at the incheon peninsula. okay. i love incheon. prior to that, i was in champaign and i went to an artillery school at fort sill, oklahoma, and i studied what i would be doing in korea which was a survey and flesh and sound regime, which meant that we had instruments that could see flashes of guns and mortars, and we had micro phones that we put in the ground and we could hear the sound and we could analyze and triangulate as to where they were coming from. and if we saw a flash of a gun, we call that a nay reading. and if we saw the smoke of a gun without the flash, we call that a b rating. and if we saw the glow on the horizon, that was a c rating. and i did that most of the time. i was in korea on the second tour. i was there twice on the second tour. i was with the second battalion, 11th marines, and i was a battery commander of d battery. okay. so your second tour, you were with the second battalion. okay. then when you first got to korea, which unit were you with and what was your rank? my rank was a lieutenant and i was with

the nato has reacted cautiously, condemning north korea's involvement. but falling short of proposing direct counter measures and warning that the 2 way partnership between russia and north korea will have consequences beyond ukraine. you see more and more as north korea, iraq, china, and of course of action are working together. working together against your brain, farts at the same time a restaurant has to pay for this. and one of the things they are doing is delivering technology to north korea, which is now threatening the in the future. the maintenance of the us continental your advert. also, our partners in the, in the pacific defend, for example, and the republic, a free of. indeed, south korea is intensely worried about its northern neighbors move. the north army is massive 1200000 soldiers and regularly provoke south korea with missile tests and further consultation. south koreans worried that the north will gain valuable combat experience in russia and possibly in ukraine itself. the north is also testing its military equipment against the weste

the example of korea -- world war ii ends with the northern part of korea in the hands of soviet troopssoviet representatives meet in seoul to reach agreement on unification for korea. but it becomes clear that the russians undergeneral the general are not interested in a free and united korea but to bring the entire country under communist domination. koreans north of the 38th parallel, the boundary line between free and communist-held korea hearing of the liberty and prosperity existing below the line, come in thousands to the new republic fleeing the autocratic republic. unprovoked and without warning a ruthless, bloody invasion of south korea launched by north koreans. [ sound of gunfire ] >>> the lettering on this tank, however, is russian. north koreans to cease their unprovoked attack. the the united states acts quickly to check the red aggression. subsequently the united nations issues a directive ordering the north koreans to cease their unprovoked attack. the directive is ignored. the united nations asks for additional military strength. red china enters the war, allying herse