before the united states joined united nations. any such thing. so america's economic story is a very different story from that of empire. and yet -- this is where we all get stuck. we say, yes, but the u.s. is the primary guarantor of world security. why do we get involved? why are we involved in all these other countries? by the way, the japanese call this more or less the yoshida doctrine. which translates more or less into let america do it. why is that? this came out of world war ii. and in fact, one of the interesting parts of this story is that there wasn't one country, other than the united states, that was willing to sign a peace treaty with japan at the end of world war ii because of its behavior in that war. you think nazi germany was bad and it was horrific. nobody is willing to sign a peace treaty. it wasn't until 1951 that australia became the second country after the u.s. to sign a peace treaty. why? because this all took place in the same week and a foggy week in san francisco. this is where the novelist comes out. i don't know if i

government plane bound for the united states. he was released on humanitarian grounds at the request of the united states. the president will be speaking at noon today. nbc's mark potter has the very latest out of miami. >> sources have said that alan gross, a 65-year-old sub contractor for the usaid has been released on humanitarian grounds. he is being flown to the united states. he has been imprisoned there for five years after being sentenced to 15 years by the cuban government. gross claimed he was in cuba providing internet equipment to allow the jewish community to contact the world in ways that are hard to do in cuba. the cuban government claimed he was involved in activities counter to the cuban government that he was providing military equipment. he was arrested convicted and sentenced to 15 years. the five years in prison have been very tough. he has deteriorated in terms of his health. he is said to be in very poor health. he's lost a lot of weight. he's missing teeth. he is in quiet bad shape. there's been pressure fr

he is now a free man here in the united states. irector of national intelligence here in the u.s. issuing a strong statement welcoming this u.s. spy's return to the united states. let's go to havana as we await alan gross. patrick oppmann is our man on the scene. alina machado is in little havana, a section of miami. patrick, first to you, a lot of excitement, i think, what you're seeing is average cubans on the streets of havana from what you can see are pretty thrilled about this move towards normalizing u.s./cuban relations. >> reporter: absolutely. this is something that people have waited sometimes their whole lives for. they want to be closer to the united states. many have relatives, particularly in south florida, who they're not able to see, not able to be in communication with regularly. so there's a hope this will change that. they only learned about this about two hours ago, noon local time, when raul castro came on air here, obviously very unexpected announcement and commended the u.s. president for these negotiations. v

so what george washington wanted as president of the united states was some territory for the united states to govern over and wanted a definition of the state boundaries and a clarity of the nation and the peoples' lands. what the president was trying to do was stop any possible encroachment by european nations, stop any overreach and harm to native people by the states and to enter into secured peace and friendship forever arrangements with the peoples. he was trying to secure the northern and southern, western borders of the united states. and these were buffalo, savannah. we're talking about really eastern western borders at that time. and that was the united states. so the nations had similar goals. they wanted peace and friendship with the united states as a matter of necessity as well as a matter of inclination. they wanted someone to be in charge of stopping the aggressiveness and the lawlessness of the people who were flooding into their lands from europe. and these were europeans and new americans, settlers of all kinds who were encroaching on the native lands. so they wante

and as the united states and the european union, we can raise these issues with the united states on several occasions. including in lessons by the presidency of the council and regular dialogue on counterterrorism and on human rights. the select committee study is a positive step in confronting publicly and critically the way in which the cia's responsibilities were discharged in relations to the allegations of torture and ill-treatment. believes that full clarity should be brought inbear on those practices accordance with international standards, including as regards the individual responsibilities for those practices. forms ofndemns all torture and ill-treatment under any circumstances, and works towards the prevention and the eradication of all forms of torture and ill-treatment within the european union and worldwide, as a priority of its human rights policy. as the commission has repeatedly underlined, efforts to combat terrorism should be conducted in complies with the root of law -- rule of law and respect our common values and respects our common values and complies with our

in exchange, the united states has released the three remaining members of the cuban five, cuban intelligence officers who were arrested in the united states in 1998 and convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage. they say they were not spying on the united states, but trying to monitor violent right-wing cuban exile groups responsible for attacks in cuba. we'll have more on cuba after headlines. the official death toll from an ebola outbreak in west africa is climbing toward 7,000 as a new report faults the international community for its slow response. a report by a uk parliamentary committee said the who and countries around the world failed to heed clear warnings about the outbreak. in sierra leone meanwhile, an 11th doctor has died of ebola, as the country has launched house-to-house searches to root out cases in the capital of freetown. new york state is banning the oil and gas drilling process known as fracking, citing potential risks to public health. fracking involves blasting sand, water, and toxic chemicals deep into shale rock to release oil and gas, a process which can poison wa

how much of the oil came from the united states? >> mr. craig? >> well, actually oil played a very important role in daniels' life. mexico at the time was an important oil producer, and as the ships were being converted from coal to fuel oil, daniels was responsible for overseeing the invasion of mexico. now, it turns out that invasion was not related directly to oil production, but it was related to the germans running guns into the mexican government is ultimately in addition to the u-boats, it was germany's proposed alliance with mexico that led to u.s. entry in the war in 1917. in terms of what would have happened if the -- in europe if the united states had stayed out of the war, that's hard to say. certainly the british were trying to starve the germans with the continental blockade and the germans were trying to starve the british with their u-boat war. daniels had -- i found in his private diaries a quote where he was talking about the balance between the british blockade and the german u-boat campaign. he said, the stomach is the test, by

and god bless the united states of america. >> that statement is history, the united states changing its policy with cuba, that from president obama who says this new policy that he's announcing will create more opportunities for americans and especially for the cuban people. the president also confirming he talked with raul castro yesterday, that would be a first, and saying an american held for two decades in cuba is back home, no name given, but he worked i in inch in intelligence and was weld there for the past years. and that and alan gross. republican senator marco rubio asking earlier today on the fox news channel what is cuba changing about its system of government for its people? i want to get back to doug live at the white house again with us. did anyone see this shift in policy changing, dog? dog? >> changing, doug? >> you could kind of see this coming. it was really difficult to read the tea leaves. the u.s. senator from arizona jeff flake was on the airplane with gross when it landed at andrews air force base this afternoon suggested he was certainly well aware of it and

trying them in the united states is politically impossible. letting the ones cleared of wrongdoing going home may be dangerous for the detainees, maybe not. it's not clear what will happen with gizmo. >> i'm ali velshi, the news has become this thing where you talk to experts about people, and al jazeera has really tried to talk to people, about their stories. we are not meant to be your first choice for entertainment. we are ment to be your first choice for the news. >> welcome back to inside story. i'm ray suarez. back in the final years of barack obama. the population of the prison is greatly diminished, but for many held there the legal process has yet to even begin. still with us tom wilner who represented detainees captured early in the war that began after the september 11th attacks. courtney sullivan, a former trial attorney from the department of justice's counter terrorism section, and david reams, who is currently representing 18 guantanamo detainees. the question on the floor, lady and gentlemen, what do we do now? as they say in go

the united states trying to reopen the embassy. we are learning about these discussions that have taken place over the last year, and a key player in this, the vatican and pope francis. allen has arrived just outside of washington. the white house very careful to point out that this is not any kind of intelligence assets swap. they continue to deny that alan gross was there as a u.s. intelligence agent. he was arrested some five years ago on charges of espionage, and he has languished. his health has deteriorated. and here we have the president arriving, david. >> let's listen. >> the most significant changes in our policy in more than 50 years. we will end an outdated approach that for decades has failed, and we will begin to normalize the relationship between our two countries. we'll begin a new chapter among the nations of the americas. there is a complicated history between the united states and cuba. i was born in 1961, just over two years after fidel castro took power. over the next several decades the relationships between o

the united states has made progress on producing energy consumption. ng the oecd countries the united states has achieved the largest improvement in energy intensity in recent decades. albeit from relatively high levels for appliances and equipment and buildings are implemented. since 2008 over 1 million low income homes have improved in energy efficiency and recovery after 2009 provided more than 12 billion u.s. dollars of direct investment in energy efficiency for low-income homes public buildings along with more than 20 billion u.s. dollars of related investments in green jobs and electric technologies. energy efficiency code standards for buildings are projected to build more than 30% improvement in energy efficiency and new homes and buildings compared with the 2006 building energy codes and standards. progress is seen on renewables. renewable energy growth has surged over the past decades. the united states has set a goal to double production by 2020 compared to 2012. however there is always a but you know. there is no explicit national policy mec

also presenting the wreath for .he united states navy presenting the wreath for the united states airce is mr. , world warite house ii veteran from pennsylvania. mr. whitehouse served in the army air force as a flight engineer on a.b. 24 -- on a be-24. in 19 74, the united states agency for international development borrowed him from the irs and sent him to vietnam to work. his late wife joined him for the time. he has two sons who are both vietnam veterans. presenting the wreath for the united states coast guard is mr. georgepolansky and mr. armstrong p daniel polansky served with the 76th infantry division during world war ii. he is a member of the 76 mechanized cavalry recon troop. mr. george arnstein also served in the 75th infantry division during world war ii. he was a member of the 76 mechanized cavalry recon troop, and both world war ii veterans are still close friends today. presenting the wreath for the united states merchant marines is the executive director of the merchant marines, accompanied by world war ii veterans. presenting the wreath for the american indian veterans

it's a big player, not the united states. think, frankly, in the last week, vladimir putin has looked like a statesman. >> he's a partner in peace. and he's in a position he can lecture the united states of america. >> i think if this were a tennis match it would be the umpire saying adventure putin. >> i think putin has outperformed our president. >> putin decides what he wants to do and does it in half a day. he makes a decision and executes it quickly. then everybody reacts. that's what you call a leader. >> putin is playing chess. we're playing marbles. >> i think mike rogers was right yesterday. he said the president is playing marbles while putin is playing chess. >> the conservative line on vladimir putin is he puts our own american president to shame in smarts and leadership and decisiveness and putin is playing chess while president obama is playing something that doesn't even happen on a chess board. putin makes up his mind and does it in half a day. vladimir. american conservatives have kept up this strange love son

families like this are getting death threats, even in the united states. y for people to do anything is today on the streets of the united states. >> thank you for being with us, roberto lovato, one of the organizers behind the ustired2 initiative. in honor of the 43 missing students. come into rodriguez, thank you for joining us from mexico city, his 19-year-old son christian is one of those missing students. as weak and in latin america, we .urn to a caravan >> a caravan of 17 environment lacked was traveling to the united nations climate summit in lima, peru has been stopped by authorities in ecuador and their bus has been seized. activist with the group the parted on monday -- departed on monday to announce the extraction of oil from ecuador's national park, an area of the amazon renowned for its biological diversity. the group says they were subjected to seven stops in the first 24 hours of their trip and ultimately stranded by the side of a highway last night when authorities seized the refurbished school bus. >> for more, we go to ecuador where we're

the government is rarely in trouble but without politics the united states is engaged. so i think the chinese is struggling now to take out some sort of a very adequate understanding of the western united states is. but i don't think china now sees an window of opportunity now the united states is declining and china should take advance of this. that is a total misperception. another point i am responding to the panel in the presentation is mack. and we talk about this being a cornerstone to deal with the united states and china regulations. forget it. china has never done that. we feel very satisfied in the ways of nuclear deterance. that is why china is over sensitive to the united states missile defense systems. we learned a lot during the cold war when they developed nuclear deterance it collapsed. it is so costly and so far i think china will continue to follow that with a limit ded nuclear deterance. it is small and efficient. i don't think the issues are coming back and laying out a new security between the two. and another point i think i will make is that it is

this is a battle between the united states government and the north korean government because these actions, because they're attributable to a state actor, now become state actions and we have to respond, state department to state department, not technology to technology. >> so what should the united states do? i mean, this is a really tough situation. people are saying, should you consider physical retaliation? okay, they probably are and they can but most certainly won't. so what can the u.s. do that actually would send a message to others you can't just say, isis, we're going to attack the u.s. theater and get a movie pulled? >> the real problem here, erin, the options are limited. what you end occuup having is ta country with the cyber capability between 6th and 8th best in the world and what they're able to do even though they themselves don't allow access to the internet, they're enabling themselves to effect a large portion of a major corporation. so that becomes an act of war but it cannot be responded to in a physical sense because it doesn't meet, really, the threshold to do that

the united states constitution. when people don't understand what the rule of law means, they are easily swayed. when you find out that people don't understand that your first amendment right says freedom of religion and the exercise thereof, we have freedom from religion and the foundation it can start to go out and attack this. and so we have people that are not able to come back and withstand the difference. one of the incredible traditions of fantasy football is before every home game is a local minister that delivers prayer. they actually wrote a letter to my university and told him to cease and desist for football game. some of us have a little snow on her head, we know when we used to have prayer in schools. i remember playing in atlanta, georgia and the local minister would come out and do a prayer before each football game and i never remember any kid getting carted off of the field. but see if we have people that all of a sudden tell us about this thing called separation of church and state, we are not root

six years ago the last in-depth review was published and we said that the united states needed a moreconsistent national level energy policy. in those days there was an absence of the link among energy, energy, environmental security policies and as such we recommended that the united states seeks closer coordination between congress, administration, and state and state government. to a large extent these concerns are being addressed , not only by the introduction of the quadrennial energy review but more recently by the climate action plan. plan. the united states has undergone other significant changes since that time. the resurgence the resurgence of the oil and gas production, and this am unconvinced to love unconventional gas is but a real game changer. the energy costs, for for example i'm making a substantial additional contribution. strengthened over the past six years. already mentioned health countries coordinate a collective response to major disruptions in oil supply through the use of emergency oil stocks. france and the united states have a strong a strong position, star

you don't know how the united states -- how the states are shaped the way they are. how the united states is shaped the way it is. you don't know any of these things without understanding the history of treaties. and you don't understand a lot of the place names. a lot of the names of states that we have. dakota is named of a native nation. oklahoma is red person. blood person. relative person. in one of the muskogee languages. so, there are lots and lots of things to know about the united states that, if you don't know what's called indian history or indian treaties, you don't know american history. >>> you can watch this and other american artifacts programs anytime by visiting our website at c-span.org/history. >>> you've been watching c-span's american history tv. you can connect with us on twitter, facebook, and leave comments and check out upcoming programs on our website. >>> we'd like to tell you about some of our other american history tv programs. every saturday at 4:00 p.m. eastern, a look at american history bookshelf. that's every saturday at 4:00 p.m. ea

the first is of irish people leaving the british empire and migrating to the united states. they are over 60% of the imgrants who come into the united states between 1783 and 1820, and these are people who are mostly feeling quite alienated from the british empire and its rule over ireland. a very high proportion of them are politically active, and they are concentrated in places that are very politically strategic in american politics, particularly in the sea port cities of new york, philadelphia, and baltimore, where they are in positions to narrowlyctions in contested states. and they overwhelmingly support the republican party and the desire for that party and its administration to have a confrontational foreign policy towards the british empire, and they tend to be enthusiast for the invasion of canada in the hope that it is going to start a process of unraveling the entire british empire that would liberate ireland as well as canada, so that's one migration flow. so you've got a lot of people considered by the british empire to still be british subjects because the brit

. >> across the world soviet missiles are aimed at the united states. whatever the president does, he risks nuclear war. >> khrushchev calls west berlin a cancerous sore. >> lines are now drawn. >> 25 russian ships en route to cuba on what may be a collision course. >> no way of knowing whether western civilization will live or die. >> i think unless something is done, humanity will destroy itself. ♪ >>> early on in the '60s, you have this backdrop of tension. you have capitalism versus communism and it was palpable fear. in the united states and in the soviet union that the two sides were going to get into a nuclear war. >> the temper of the world is crisis. architect of the crisis, nikita khrushchev. >> as they headed the soviet union khrushchev was very ideological. he believed that the future belonged to communism. he said, america needs to be contained and the only way to do it is to create crises all around the american empire. >> khrushchev came to the u.n. in 1960 and he said we are grinding out missiles like sausages. we'll bury you. and america

in 1961 the united states severed diplomatic relations. challenges the commission of wisdom and perpetual animosity between the two countries. it is called back channel to cuba, the hidden history between washington and havana. it reveal a 50 year record of dialogue and negotiations both open and furtive between those sworn enemies. joining me are the book's authors peter kombluh and william leogrande. peter is of the archive and william leogrande isku at the american university. i'm pleased to have both of them here. let me just talk about the beginning. what were the lost opportunities? why have we not had better relationship with cuba after all these years? >> we've missed a couple opportunities. there was an opportunity at the very beginning for the united states to coexist with fidel castro's revolution. we had an ambassador in havana who worked very hard to try in 1959 and 1960 to see if he could find common ground for coexistence. that didn't work. relations were broken in 1961. after the missile crises, there was an opportunity beca

because the united states owns 30% of the bank, the united states could deny a core rum for any such meeting and effectively, the united states has a veto. i would have a difficult time managing a situation where every other country wants cuba to become a member except the united states. they call for a governor's meeting and everyone comes to washington, d.c. and the united states does not show up. so, again, the united states does have a effective of cuba becoming a member. now, this assumes that majority of other countries would want cuba to become a member. now, section 104 of helmburton also provides that in a case where cuba is a member and a sloan or other assistance is provided to cuba, contrary to the vote of the u.s. representative -- let's say in this case it would be the u.s. representative executive at the ibd, what the law requires the treasury department to do, is to cut back cuba's contributions to the capital of the bank by an amount equivalent to the value of that loan or assistance. so, say 10 million dollar loan to cuba to do whatever, the u.s. government opposes t

he also said it sets a bad precedent for the united states in dealing with other nations, such as iran or north korea, what's included as teeth in this agreement for the cuban government don't really amount to teeth at all. he argues that the united nations is not an agency that's going to be able to hold them accountable appropriately. so i think you're going to see this as the day develops, you'll see more of the critiques. i think this is also something that you're going to see come up again and again as we approach the 2016 presidential election because of that critical constituency in florida and also because of secretary of state hillary clinton, former secretary of state hillary clinton. >> this is a very significant diplomatic moment, personal moment, and also political one. casey hunt from capitol hill, thanks for that update, casey. >> thanks, ronan. >>> raul castro spoke just this morning about this agreement to release alan gross. he said he welcomes this new relationship between the u.s. and cuba, and he talked about his phone call with president obama. >> as a result of a

what about the united states? there is aging in the united states as well. resting is the united states population will not peak this century. because of immigration the u.s. is the only one of the economies i'm discussing where population and labor force will grow and the u.s. population is project ed to reach 500 million people by the end of the century. china is projected to be down to a billion people by the end of the century. if you take the projections seriously the difference will be two to one by the end of the century rather than four and a half to one that we see now. i start with the demographics and spend more time. this is an important foundation of economic growth for the region. for two reasons. one is it's hard to have rapid gdp growth once the labor force starts to decline. if the labor force is declining you have to move workers from one to another. with population and labor force growth the adjustment is a more natural process. new workers move in as old workers retire. it's leekly to continue the slow down of the regional growth rate. i t

what they planned was they wanted a new northern border for the united states. and not the 45th parallel, but the 43rd. they wanted the northern border of massachusetts to be the border of the northern united states. and if you take that line and you run it across the country. you take that parallel, you end up in buffalo. that means the united states would've lost maine, vermont, new hampshire, and all of northern new york. that way the british would've had control of the southern shore of the great lakes. and that's what they were after. but plattsburg put a stop to that. the british army is not in the united states. the british army is back in canada. and so when the treaty was signed on christmas eve 1814, the status quo is what we see today. >> we're 5 miles north of plattsburg, new york. looking up the road at the american/canadian border. it was here this whole battle of plattsburg began. let me give you a little bit of background first. when the war with napoleon ended in the spring of 1814, the british had a problem. wellington wanted to keep this victor

the number of enslaved muslims in the united states probably rose before the close of the atlantic slave trade. it caught many african muslims in its net who were enslaved and shipped to the united states, which had drastically increased importation of enslaved people in anticipation of the closing of the trade in 1808. sometimes, these enslaved muslims were apparent to otherwise blind white americans. presbytery krugman charles al qaeda jones noted that the mohammedian africans have been known to accommodate christianity. god, they say, is allah and jesus christ as mohammed. different countries have different names for the religion. jones' observation signal discomfort with african-american spirituality. despite the visual hourly of african-american muslims, most enslaved muslims remained invisible to their captors. this, i think, was the beginning of an erasure. it remains largely hit -- opaque to historians. refusal to acknowledge this part of the african-american muslim past contributes to an ideology in which islam is foreign to the united states. if americans did not learn about is

as well as the united states itself. so obama isn't actually named in the suit, but of course the suit is about their deep opposition to his policy, his unilateral policy on immigration. >> from the perch of a state, is it a simple matter to go after the department--the secretary of homeland security, one of the officials named, jay johnson. does he have to show up to respond? >> well, they're used to being named in lawsuits and there are lawyers in the department of justice who will defend them. but it's difficult for the states to prevail. they have to show that they've suffered a concrete and specific injury. and nicky hayley, in the click you just showed, was trying to make that argument. but that's going to be a pretty difficult argument for the states to make. they have to show that they're specifically injured by this executive order, and that the courts' order in their favor would address that injury. >> do you agree there is a standing problem? >> i don't agree there is a standing problem. six years ago or eight

what would you say if venezuela were to create a committee to improve the united states? and if the first chapter of that huge report the venezuelans produced, this is 423 pages, if the first chapter was called hastening cuba's transition. it was 42 pages with 62 steps the united states is taking to overthrow the government of cuba now. well, we can talk about what you would say if venezuela did this to us. the really interesting question is why did we concoct this 400 page report? look at the size of this. why is it the selection of cubans leaders is the first and most important of the six chapters? the hastening cuba's transition from its current government to a new government. well why not? , that is what we have been doing at least since 1901 when the governor general in charge of cuba during the period after spanish but before independent ce, the governor general wrote to president roosevelt from havana saying no one wants more than i a good and stable government here, but we must see that the right class is an -- in office. or ask barack obama said on the campaign tr

because the european union is working hand-in-hand with united states. both economically -- we are current to obtain the free trade agreement behind closed doors. also, politically, the european union is reacting to the invitation of the united states and this takes europe into a cold war and potentially it might culminate in a real war with russia. if you do not like the breaches of human rights -- and i am glad you do not like them -- shouldn't we pick a better friend instead of the united states? and protect hungry, my country, and the rest of europe from the cold war and real war. >> thank you. we know company individual speakers and -- now come to the individual speakers and i will be stricter on time, we have a lengthy list. the first speaker, two minutes. >> torture carried out by the cia is a subject of public opinion in the united states for many years. the publication of the senate select committee report last week confirms this. confirmed the split that exists in the political class in the united states, the democrats and the republicans are de

that's american contractor alan gross back in the united states cuba. in his striking announcement on the u.s.-cuban relations, the president of the united states acknowledged there was plenty he could not do on his own. where is he was pushed to do as much as he can to range the political. there is still a lot that remains to be done before you would pronounce the american cuban relations to be like those in other nations in the region, would you? >> with the, the helms burton codified a lot of the embargo, and in fact, there was a lot of discussion at that point in time that that was congress overstepping it's boundaries. i think there are important aspects that can be opened up. i think that the president is looking at those whether it's more travel, whether it's how you count credit, the ability to do car credit cards, etc. the other part we have to see is the ball is now in cuba's court. to the extent that history has taught us anything about this particular government, every time we get closer to some more normal relationship cuba does something th

there are terrorist attacks on the united states. there are people who say we don't like the way you live your life. we don't like the way you allow women to drive, we don't like the way you allow gays and lesbians to have the lives that they do. are we going to give up our freedoms because a bunch of people in a far-away land run by a crazy dictator say you shouldn't live this way? i think what sony did is shameful actually, really shameful. >> how do you think kim jong-un is reacting this morning? >> i think what you have to see and what a lot of people missed is the reason why the north korean government hates this film so much is not because it insults their dear leader. their dear leader gets insulted all the time in the west and gets made fun of. what they're deathly afraid of is that the film is going to make it into the country. because in the last ten years, there's been a significant development in the black market routes into the country. in the last ten years, north korea has consumed and has enormous thirst for cultural a

god bless you and god bless the united states of america. >> the president of the united states speaking for about 15 minutes, critically important 15 minutes, announcing the most sweeping dramatic change in u.s./cuban relations since 1961 during the cuban revolution, confirming that he did speak on the phone yesterday with the cuban president, raul castro, also confirming the u.s. and cuba are now about to go forward and establish full diplomatic relations including embassies in havana and here in washington, d.c. even as the president was speaking, raul castro was addressing the cuban people in cuba. i want to play a clip. here is raul castro speaking exactly at the same time, making this announcement to the cuban people. >> translator: equally, we have recommended re-establishment of diplomatic relations. this doesn't mean that the main issues have been resolved. the economic blockade as well as commercial and finance creates some economic damages to our own country, it must stop. despite the blockade, measures have become law, the president of the united states may be able to modify

just got freed after two decades in cuba was such a valuable intelligence asset to the united states that his information led not only to the arrests of the people he was traded for today but also to two other huge and really damaging cuban spy plots in the united states, both of which ran for years and years and years and years before they were exposed. and that only scratches the surface of the skulduggery that's gone on between cuba and the united states over the last 50 years. but that trade that i just described, that trade, that spy for spies trade, that is at the heart of this absolutely epic surprise announcement made by the president of the united states today. i mean, there have been signs that something was going to happen, that maybe something was going on, little signs. tony blinken, this guy when he was up for confirmation, one of things he got asked about at his hearing was about the chatter in washington that something was about to happen on the issue of cuba. so maybe that was a little bit of a sign. then on the hill they were hearing chatter. in october, the vatican

the source, another long-time adversary of the united states. s looking into this for us. what are you learning? >> wolf, many think the attack on sony was the first time that a foreign government tried to destroy the network of a company because it didn't like what that company said or did. we're learning new details on the attack of a casino operation in the world, an effort, allegedly, to punish that company for comments made by its chairman. a cascading attack, servers shut down, screens go blarvnk, a rus to unplug computers. this attack hit the world's largest casino hotel, and it may have been the work of a rogue nation. cnn has learned on february 10th of this year, thousands of employees in bethlehem, pennsylvania, had their computers hit. one former employee says hundreds of people were calling i.t. iran is suspected to be behind the attack. according to reports in bloomberg business week and slate. sam's won't comment. one expert believes iran has the capability to do this. >> the iranians and north koreans are taking these tactics that

we have believed in the idea of the united states before it was the fathers who founded the united states looked for a governing structure that truthssupport the t that they thought were self evident, they looked to the air quite nation. without indian nations living together in harmony, even when we disagree, the promise of america might not have come together. we come back here year after year, sometimes for me it's week after week, because even when all of the pundits and maybe all the evidence say that the president cannot do anything and the congress won't do anything, we still believe in the constitution that says treaties are the supreme law of the land. sometimes i think indians believe in our constitution more than anybody else. in a way, by continuing to believe that what the constitution says is true and acting to show that the words in our treaties matter, by calling this great nation to keep its word, we refute all the skeptics. we answer the question i posed at the beginning -- is the united states a great nation? is that while our history in this nation might be brutally pa

>> guest: the united states has about 700 bases around the world at least reported by the pentagon. and there is in the last ten to 20 years we've seen more and work protests in opposition to u.s. military presence abroad and so i'm looking at two questions. one is with all of this activism when do they make a difference and actually affect the policy and the second question is about the host governments. on the one hand they face pressure from civil society as a domestic level but they also face pressure from the united states to maintain the obligations so i want to know how the balance between the two forces domestic and international. >> host: when you look at these bases around the world that the u.s. has, how many of them are welcomed? >> guest: the majority of them are welcomed, so you are you're looking at if there are 700 bases there are probably more. it's just the secret bases. it's hard to say whether they are welcomed but the host government accepts them. but i say at least 75% are not contested. the majority are in place like germany or mainland japan. but the few that

nations on this question of an embargo of the united states, the united ates was on the short end of that by a count of 192-2. so the president saying that you do something for five decades, it is clearly not working it's time to change strategy. what a dramatic event for the president, to be on the phone for 45 minutes last night with raul castro, the first and really only communication we know about in some five decades. >> indeed. jamie if memory serves me directly, president obama had an impromptu handshake with raul castro at nelson mandela's funeral this year. but this is taking a lot of people by surprise. >> and one of the things that people are debating is what did the united states actually get out of this deal? that was part of the criticism from marco rubio, and one benefit the u.s. right reap from this, is support from many of the countries in this hemisphere as mike viqueira pointed out, the u.s. was pretty much alone in the world in supporting this embargo. and it was a problem for other countries in central and south america, because whenev

the united states is still the world's biggest economy.t good does it do us torade with other countries? many mexicans, unable to nd good bs in their own coury, were looking for work across the border, in t united states. how to stem the flow of the objob-seeking mexicans. what was keeng investment and jobs out of xico? was there a way for mexico to attrace goodobs what wthat would encourage and mexican woersico? to look r work in mexico. mexico's resume as a host to employers looked ideal. it had ready supplies of energy, access to the ge consumer maets of the united states, and most important of l, large labor force. but for years, much of mexico's labor force the resultf policies that excluded job-creating foreign investment, policies followed by the governments of botxico d e unedtates. was there a solution, one that would attract investment to mexico and induce mexican workers to look for work at home? e maquiladora was one solution. border factories in which mexican workers assembled u.s.-made componenfos to the american market. what

as in the united states as he determines to to be necessary bases on lies on wmd and iraq. to call the president into actual service of the of the united states to execute a declaration of war as a commander in chief. 373 members of the 107th congress including elected california elected public officers -- authorized the president to use the armed forces of the of the united states as he determined to be necessary. evading a resolution to declare war as he determined to be necessary at the expense and danger to the people whereas every member of congress and public officer in the united states bound by oath of office and -- to defend this constitution for the united states of america without any reservation. whereas a direct result of duly elected public officers have been deprived of their lives without a resolution of congress to declare war. >> thank you. next speaker please? >> there's survivors and other california taxpayers have been robbed by 7 congresses. now, the san francisco board of supervisors here by petitions our represents to congress diane feinstein barbara

president park of south korea came to the united states last year. gnificantly and one of the key objectives is to try to determine whether north korea has actually a sub-unit now that is dedicated to u.s. targets and how they would counter and defend against that. >> but the movie now for all practical purposes, professor, has been canceled. people will not be able to go on christmas day and see this film. the president earlier in the day, before we learned that north korea was specifically responsible, before we learned that sony pictures was pulling the release of the film, he was asked about it on abc news. listen to this. >> well, the cyber attack is very serious. we're investigating it and taking it seriously. we'll be vigilant. if we see something that we think is serious and credible, then we'll alert the public. but for now, my recommendation would be, that people go to the movies. >> people go to the movies. and the question is go to see this film? they will not see this film, "the interview." it depicted in a comedic way, the assassination

of america and the government of the state of florida, which he represents in the united states absolutely no foreign policy consistency to their position. they know that foreign policy consistency would require them to demand an embargo on china and several other country, including middle eastearn countries that have much worse human rights records than cuba ever will. but they know that demanding an embargo on saudi arabia, because it refuses to allow women the same rites as men and refuses to allow anyone the right to vote for their head of state because, you know, it's a nutty dictatorship run by a nutty king, would butt marco rubio in direct conflict with the american oil industry and that's not a place where marco rubio will ever dare to go. and another place marco rubio will ever dare to go is due bah. he has gone to the american military base at guantanamo bay, but he has never walked down the street in cuba. never been in the country. and so he literally does not know what he is talking about when he talks about cuba. remember how you talked about a foreign country, say