— but when you put things on there, like twitter and x, when it asks users _ like twitter and x, whens content, — users if they want to share this content, it— users if they want to share this content, it allows people to reflect on that _ content, it allows people to reflect on that is — content, it allows people to reflect on that is proven you are less likely— on that is proven you are less likely to — on that is proven you are less likely to do bad things like set fire to — likely to do bad things like set fire to hotel and we need to have that friction on social media company— that friction on social media company platforms and they are private — company platforms and they are private but actually we have seen clear— private but actually we have seen clear examples elsewhere with technology where they have chosen to prioritise _ technology where they have chosen to prioritise this and that is really important. it prioritise this and that is really important-— prioritise this and that is really important. prioritise this and that is really imortant. , important. it sounds like it

it much harder for everyone else to find out what was going on on twitter used to be the twitter is very open. a lot of academics and scholars did research on twitter to find out, okay, what is happening on twitter? how many people are sharing comments about this video? how many people are going on twitter to say, hey, i saw this, i saw 30 minutes of this, this discussion and i didn't like it, or i did like it. that's not something and it's, it's easy for us to find out anymore. and so we may never know, you know, what, what did this really do? i'm gonna tell you another clip, but here's the republican nominee for president of the united states praising the leaders of russia, north korea, and china. i know poor and i know presidency. i know kim john good if not for i know every one of us and let me tell you people say, oh, this is terrible. he said, i'm not saying anything good or bad. they're at the top of the game. they're tough, they're smart, vicious, and they're going to protect their country, whether they love their country, they probably do. it's just a different form of love

is the former twitter, the x network, now blocked in brazil, and before twitter in brazil, these are i would say that the claims that the west has against telegram, which we have against telegram, are not mass disinformation, absolutely. said planned and completely unregulated, which has a very strong effect on brazilian society, because in brazil it is twitter that is the main network for receiving information, just as in ukraine now the main network for receiving information is telegram, in brazil , you can imagine, every tenth brazilian is a twitter user . we don't have twitter that popular, the old twitter, i mean telegram is popular with us, but the essence of both networks, one after the purchase of musk, the other after. because it was created by the durov brothers, it is absolutely the same, it is the uncontrolled distribution of information and its anonymity, it is the fact that the information is distributed by people who are not responsible for its origin. at the beginning of our conversation, you mentioned maryana bezogula, who made public the information about the death

are you worried about his impact _ twitter. are you worried about his impact on — twitter. you worried about his impact on some of the _ twitter. are you worried about his impact on some of the things - twitter. are you worried about his impact on some of the things he i impact on some of the things he said? _ impact on some of the things he said? hig— impact on some of the things he said? ~ , , impact on some of the things he said? g , ,., , impact on some of the things he said? g , , ., , ., said? my focus is on ensuring that our communities _ said? my focus is on ensuring that our communities are _ said? my focus is on ensuring that our communities are safe. - said? my focus is on ensuring that our communities are safe. that i said? my focus is on ensuring that our communities are safe. that is| said? my focus is on ensuring that. our communities are safe. that is my sole focus _ our communities are safe. that is my sole focus. and i think it's very important _ sole focus. and i think it's very important for us all to support the police _ important for us all to support

he started buying up twitter shares in january of 2022. in april, musk made his offer of $44 billion to buy the company. in july, he threatened to back out, so twitter sued. he finally bought the company that october. around the time of the agreement, musk paid a visit to twitter headquarters on market street in san francisco holding a sink, and he tweeted that video with the caption let that sink in. a year after he bought the company, the twitter sign, including the iconic bluebird, was removed in july of 2023. the platform would eventually get transformed to x. and you may remember this sign perched on top of the headquarters a year ago. it was a bright flashing x. it was installed as part of the social media platform's rebrand. well, neighbors immediately complained when it first lit up mid market. the city said the company didn't have a permit to install it. the sign was eventually taken down. >>> it is the final domino to fall on the fate of the oakland coliseum. the a's have finally decided to sell off their half of the site to afri

account once again. use his twitter account once aaain. , ii' ~ use his twitter account once aaain.e his twitter account once aaain. , ::'~ ., again. remember in 2016, a day didn't pass _ again. remember in 2016, a day didn't pass when _ again. remember in 2016, a day didn't pass when we _ again. remember in 2016, a day didn't pass when we didn't - again. remember in 2016, a day didn't pass when we didn't see l didn't pass when we didn't see a statement from donald trump. let's talk a little bit about x as well. since elon musk has taken over the side it has been wrought with more controversy and accusations and has become and accusations and has become a platform for misinformation and false is. we have seen elon musk post lot himself recently and get involved in a lot of politics including on the other side, in the uk —— the other side, in the uk —— the other side of the pond, in the uk. he was in a side of the pond, in the uk. he: was in a spat with the british prime minister keir starmer over the british legal system and the root causes of those violent riots. he has gone on a p

twitter. i don't hate the bad, but it's time for trump to hang up his hat and sand into the sunset. now, the billing that businessmen as endorsed him and the republican presidential candidate has returned to x, the 2 hour long interview with stream live and touch topics including immigration, foreign policy, and us energy policy. trump is under pressure to help be involved. so the democratic presidential candidates come with the harris and the race for the white house and mosque is facing business problems. so what impact could x have all the us selection? we'll discuss all of this in just a moment with all guess. but 1st, this report from victoria, k b, actually just donald trump said it would be the interview of the century, but it started badly right or wrong. so my apologies for the late start, we unfortunately had a massive distributive denial of service attack. and after 2 hours of conversation between the republican presidential candidates an ex own that you know, must, many listeners m

twitter's content. you have been outspoken against censorship. >> personally censored not nearly that i know of on twitter. but, on facebook and instagram i was a target for some of my commentary on covid and covid vaccine, i know this year well, thank goodness for elon musk, if not for elon musk fox business and fox news and a handful of other outlets, american people would not have wealth of information we have now, especially as it pertains to this upcoming election, we will be thinking that biden stumbling off or mumblinger deep fakes, thank you elon musk for that but there is a price he had to pay. he stepped out of his elite bubble and other elites were upset with that they coordinated this effort to take him down, take down spree speech -- free speech, he is fighting pack, he has money 'restoreses and forth feud to do itism they site -- elizabeth: they show death and breath of alleged censorship campaign is bigger than realized. >> and thank goodness for twitter files that elon musk put forward.

to buy on twitter. so i can't exactly see you know that. oh yeah i do. i do know that for sure. yeah, yeah, i mean they, they told me i was at the beginning, they may deny it now. but if you just look at the traffic numbers it's, it's nowhere near the same. but i haven't, i'm not particularly worried about that. i think in the, in the larger scheme of things, you know, call them up as a re amplifier. i mean, as i'm dead because of because i, i sided with sub stacking this dispute of is was of stuck. so you know, if you look, it's unfortunate. i, i actually think it's a misunderstanding. i wish we could sit down and talk because i don't think he understands my position on the whole thing. but you know, he's a private owner. it's his company. he can do what he wants. and i still thinking the larger scheme of things, even if he is, you know, todd going the levels of a, you know, attention for this issue over that issue. that's still a very different thing than what was going on under the predecessor organi

president trump meeting with elon musk today on musk's x, formerly known as twitter.oth these men are hoping to get something out of this. musk is hoping of course, it will also help bring x back to its political roots that it had when it was twitter. can you tell me a little bit about what you think the the impact of this meeting will be on on this platform and the and the influence of elon musk when it comes to political issues? >live>yeah. look, elon musk i think is doubling down on his committee and his commitment to the republican party and, and he's doing that with, with twitter while keeping twitter, more relevant or making it more relevant again, trump, of course had, you know, withdrawn into truth social, but there he only has seven, eight, nine, maybe 10 million followers on twitter. he had 88 before, he was cut loose, as it were. and so i think for twitter, as well as elon musk, it's a way to stay in the dialog in the current stream of news, keep twitter relevant and and for trump, it's a way to amplify his message to a larger audience. and so i think it's

he returned to twitter to promote the event. posting far more on truth social that he was on x and now he is still postdated truth social primarily. i think he likes the free range that he has on truth but a lot of the people on their are trump supporters, not people who are criticizing them or fact checking him. i think that says a lot about how candid campaigns view x and whether it has that power it had to create new cycles to drive narratives in the news. now it seems like it is not really that poured in. host: line for democrats, you are next. caller: i really appreciate your perspective on silicon valley. i've worked in silicon valley for my time at hewlett-packard. and even during my time at sun microsystems, it felt like tech was involve a lot more in what is good for the country, good for the government. i did work at microsoft for a little while and it definitely changed a bit. a bit of a disagreement, shall we say. but now it feels very much like what is in it for me? as opposed to what is in it for the country, what

so, elon musk says that basically twitter came under attack.t of traffic is sent to a website in order to shut it down so that nobody can access that website. we don't have any verification of that that is what he says happened. similar gremlins delayed the start of his conversation with ron desantis last year. this is unlikely to be an interrogation given how much elon musk is a supporter of donald trump and he has come out and endorsed him in this election campaign as well. let's talk about the platform x in a bit more detail. first of all, of course, you may remember, it was back in january 2021 that donald trump was kicked off the site when it was formerly known as twitter. that was after the storming of the capitol. he's now been allowed back on today. just remind us a bit about the controversy around all of that. yeah, to sort of give you the timeline, after elon musk bought twitter, as it was then called, he unbanned donald trump — — the previous owners of twitter had deleted— sorry, not deleted but banned his account after the capitol r

right, in terms of the tech glitch, did twitter test this out? we had an issue with ron desantis, governor desantis, a few months ago. i believe, too, right. this was last year. this was a disastrous launch of the desantis campaign on twitter that went south in a big hurry. this one, the same thing very much delayed. he claims it's the denial of service. it may have just been too many people. remember, musk not only fired something like 75% of twitter's staff, that included a lot of back end people that handle issues exactly like this. and so the fact that he was saying, hey, this is some outside attack i was on, i was tweeting, i was listening to the canned music. so it didn't shut down the entire site. this just could have been an issue of not enough support people doing this. we'll learn more about what this was in the days ahead, but the answer to your question is yes, this has happened before, certainly with ron desantis. and be yes, they should have. and i'm sure they did test this in the past. but you know, real demos sometimes go south. w

twitter does whatever twitter does and it makes their situation worse. they at least should be pre—warned by being able to watch it before release. yeah, absolutely. >> well, moving to on the i lewis, what have they got on this? >> well, good news uk planned to evacuate british nationals in in israel if iran triggers war. what about british nationals in iran? don't they deserve to be taken out? what about british nationals everywhere? >> well, but british nationals in britain? yes. i've been thinking . i need to be. in britain? yes. i've been thinking. i need to be. i in britain? yes. i've been thinking . i need to be. i need thinking. i need to be. i need to be evacuated from britain the way things are going. yeah. >> you're not the only one phrase. >> if you're evacuated, that means you've done a big stool. like the building gets evacuated. you don't? >> yeah, well, yeah, maybe that's true, but i did notice humza yousaf the former leader of scotland. i can't believe i'm saying those words, but he was he was the former the william wallace, the modern da

well, i'll get to that in a second, they estimated right, that 11% of the accounts on twitter were fake or inauthentic, so what they're saying is exactly proportional amount of people that are interacting with you uh are supposed to be uh, fact or fake or whatever, but that's exactly what you'd expect, in fact because you are quite a well-known person on twitter, lot of people will flock to, you probably expect more fake accounts to be uh coming towards you than anything else, so if anything the numbers that they're presenting are showing the exact opposite that this is actually an organic feeling online. yeah, the real skull duggery comes when you actually look at who sayabra is, because this was the the main piece of um of... intelligence and evidence that the daily telegraph conservative align newspaper here, they call it the daily torigraph of course, they used to smear people at you and also to other pro-palestine influencers. i'm surprised my name wasn't on there, but i'm i'm glad about that, actually, but yeah, yeah, they relied on intelligence company that they called a private

and i think misinformation on twitter is not just a campaign issue but an american issue so what role does the white house or the president have in stopping the spread of that and intervening in that? >> you heard us talk about this many times the responsibility social media platforms have when it comes to misinformation and disinformation. i don't have anything to read out from here about specific ways we are working on it we believe they have the responsibility. >> will: translation of that convoluted question is how do we stop that conversation and the media asking for censorship in the white house fantasizing again gagging donald trump but meanwhile reports kamala harris campaign pushing out fake headlines on google and the campaign disguising ads as phony and flattering headlines from outlets like npr, cnn and apn does in the campaign for kamala harris know they get that flattery for fee -- free but those phony headlines read with statements like "inflation is down." and how is this right here on your screen, how was that not misinformation but you don't hear anything about that

account and the other people's twitter account were um well actually no they didn't say follows they said accounts that engaged with my account were not genuine so i think it was i can get the exact figure unless they said 11% they said 11% okay so they said 11% of the people that engageed with my account not even the people that followed but the people that engaged with my account were actually um were were fake accounts okay, and then they use the leap of logic to say, also you've got these people at whitehall that are saying that russia and china are and iran, i don't remember iran being mentioned in the article, are you sure? yes okay, so these foreign states right, an amazing sort of trilateral effort here to boost pro- palestinian influences to... manipulate british public opinion. now can you just tell us a little bit about the anatomy of this sm? yeah, mean it's incredible isn't it? because listen, twitter and everywhere else in social media is littered with bots, everybody knows it, you can tell immediately when you see a bot in your replies because they say something super

that changed today after he posted on twitter. we saw the stock drop significantly. that's also after transmedia reported a $16 million quarterly loss last week. what's going on? there's no company out there that can repeatedly have loss after loss unless at some point down the road, they are saying here's the cape ann -- plan and here's how we will grow. they lost money and had a game plan. what is the game plan here? he's only posting on truth? that's no longer the truth. >> you but not be foolish to forget that trump has had access to his twitter account for years. i almost forgot that. when you look at his feet, because it's full of a few recent tweets that came out today and he tweeted a photo hope his mug shot after one of his arrests. there's also -- his arrest after the new york case. he has not tweeted in years. the most recent were january 6, january 7. he's had the opportunity to do so but he's been prioritizing his new platform and it's a time when he was running for president of the united states. clearly, there's a pecking order and what donald trump th

we hear a lot about telegram, but other social media, twitter and so on. i but other social media, twitter i think twitter, telegram and closed whatsapp has _ so on. i think twitter, telegram and closed whatsapp has been - so on. i think twitter, telegram and closed whatsapp has been key i so on. i think twitter, telegram and i closed whatsapp has been key players in this, but with the misinformation itself, i think one of the reasons itself, i think one of the reasons it had such an effect in this instance is because of the information vacuum we had just after the southport incident. so the 2—3 days when we were not sure who the attacker was and of course that then gets filled with false information which in this case that this was a muslim migrant. ithink which in this case that this was a muslim migrant. i think that really was the fire that lit the match and the way it caused an inflammatory reaction across social media. in this case as well, what we saw was that this information —— miss information was shared by accounts with large followings, to be thousands of followers. key players

account and the other people's twitter account were um well actually no they didn't say followers they said accounts that engaged with my account were not genuine so i think it was i can get the exact figure unless they said 11% they said 11% okay so they said 11% of the people that engage with my account not even the people that followed the people that engaged with my account were actually um were fake accounts okay, and then they use the leap of logic to say, also you've got these people at whitehall that are saying that russia and china are and iran, i don't remember iran being mentioned in the article, are you sure? okay, so these foreign states right, an amazing sort of trilateral effort here to boost pro- palestinian influencers to manipulate british. public opinion, now can you just tell us a little bit about the anatomy of this smear? yeah, mean it's incredible isn't it, because listen, twitter and everywhere else in social media is littered with bots, everybody knows it, you can tell immediately when you see a bot in your replies because they say something super generic and t

because listen, twitter and everywhere else in social media is littered with bots, everybody knows itbot in your replies, because they say something super generic, and then quite often there's a link to like a cryptocurrency website or something, and that's kind of how bots work, but yeah, this kind of like smear and sort of very sort of um euphemistic language about how people are being promoted. and using words like oh help promote has been going on for a long long time when it comes to uh online influence campaigns, every country does it, even businesses do it right, but when it comes to euro 1, i found it astonishing because the very um the very evidence, the only evidence actually they really reported on this was as they said that they said oh 11% of the accounts that interacted with people like you were uh suspicious or fake, right? but when we look at cyapera's own data, in a previous report, they estimated, well, i'll get to that in a second, they estimated right, that 11% of the accounts on twitter were fake or inauthentic, so what they're saying is exactly proportional amoun

i try not to spend too much time on twitter. i must say.cameron had his, choice phrase, which i shan't repeat, about what he thought about twitter. the point is that people will find ways to communicate with one another. that is, a perfectly natural thing. and if twitter is the platform or not is irrelevant. >> well, if it's not there, it'll be somewhere else. exactly well, a lot of passion there on elon musk . in well, a lot of passion there on elon musk. in a moment. let's talk about net zero because apparently the national grid have said in private it could mean total blackouts in the south—east of england by 2028. are we losing our marbles on overrelying on wind and solar now, i've long been deeply sceptical about renewable energy. not because i'm against it, because i didn't like the extent to which we had to fund it through tax payers. but i worry above all about intermittency and long term about cost. well, a report out and we have heard these before, but this time it's different because this time it comes from national grid executiv

literally, that is what twitter is doing. >> jon: i got to say, i think he might be that.omebody who is setting up satellite links for war zones and also controlling discourse in the most important media platform, he is the most powerful. >> twitter is in almost every country, right? so twitter gives him the ability to connect to the prime minister, the head of every country in the world. >> jon: that's right. >> that person, whoever's in charge of the country, has an interest in what happens on twitter and what happens on twitter, because of a control, the algorithms being the biggest user, is all dependent on elon musk. wherever his dumb wants to go, he could to push -- >> jon: he is transparent about where he wants things to go. i think he is very clear that a civil war inevitable. >> concerning. >> jon: he'll be like civil war is inevitable and then he will right underneath there, "hmm, kind of an understatement on there." but, you know, i can't decide whether or not it is better to know exactly where he stands and know where he is going to be put the thumb on. because

so i tend to download tweets from twitter _ at and why?o download tweets from twitter or _ at and why? so i tend to download tweets from twitter or x, - at and why? so i tend to download tweets from twitter or x, and - at and why? so i tend to download| tweets from twitter or x, and what at and why? so i tend to download i tweets from twitter or x, and what i do is i analyse all these posts, to see who is spreading disinformation, who spread it first and to see what kind of disinformation or hate speech they are spreading and what i have found since the tragic events in southport is that x has been weaponised to spread rumours and hate speech, particularly targeting minorities, people of a muslim background, to inflame tensions and i think a lot the behaviour we see online through theal analysis can tell me it is fake accounts or influencer who are spreading this narrative and fuelling the kind of hate speech that is driving a lot of the violence.— the violence. how difficult is it to know who is _ the violence. how difficult is it to know

who is twitter's thomas paine? >> free speech.o hear nigel farage say that, it's just asking questions. >> it's so massively disingenuous because we are just solely talking about speech that is not legal . solely talking about speech that is not legal. so inciting racial hatred or inciting violence. and i think we could all live without that. >> well, on that note, there is much more to discuss on this program. a bit later on, we'll be talking about a sleepy norfolk village that hits the headunes norfolk village that hits the headlines today, as a local row breaks out over whether or not they can fly the union jack over they can fly the union jack over the village hall. there are concerns it might be divisive, but why has it become to okay hate our flag? next, however, we'll be talking about boats . we'll be talking about boats. 703 illegal migrants crossed into the country yesterday. tory leadership hopeful james cleverly blames labour's rhetoric for those crossings. but is the former home secretary just passing the buck for tory

who is twitter's thomas paine? >> free speech.hear nigel farage say that, it's just asking questions. >> it's so massively disingenuous because we are just solely talking about speech that is not legal . solely talking about speech that is not legal. so inciting racial hatred or inciting violence. and i think we could all live without that. >> well, on that note, there is much more to discuss on this program. a bit later on, we'll be talking about a sleepy norfolk village that hits the headunes norfolk village that hits the headlines today, as a local row breaks out over whether or not they can fly the union jack over they can fly the union jack over the village hall. there are concerns it might be divisive, but why has it become to okay hate our flag? next, however, we'll be talking about boats . we'll be talking about boats. 703 illegal migrants crossed into the country yesterday. tory leadership hopeful james cleverly blames labour's rhetoric for those crossings. but is the former home secretary just passing the buck for tory f

when musk bought twitter. but, i mean, he said in the past that he cut about 80% of the staff at twitter. so that would be more than 6000 people. so how many people are actually still left in that san francisco office? >> i'm sorry, i'm having a difficult time hearing you. claudine, could you please repeat that? >> do we know exactly how many people are actually still in that san francisco office, given the large number of layoffs that musk's has done since he acquired twitter and now x? >> yeah, at this point, we don't know the exact number of employees. it's a bit of a black box. we do know that there are relatively few employees compared to what there used to be. when there used to be issues with twitter. in the past, we would reach out to various public relations people for the company. at this point, there were no public relations contacts. a lot of those people have been eliminated from the company. so from what we understand, it's a bit of a skeleton crew. the mayor's office says that it is a relatively

and he bought twitter. so that he could get his post out there. and part of the thing but his business sense from it comes to social media. twitter, although it hasn't entered any kind of terminal decline, has declined significantly from where it was, right. if you were envisioning musk is someone who wanted to use twitter or x or whatever to really influenced things he wouldn't have made the kind of drastic changes at drove away so many people from the platform created alternative, some of which are quite viable to the platform. but as it stands, he's made it this right-wing echo chamber and i suppose within be heavily online right wing echo chamber, there are some influence, but to my mind, it's not, it's not all that much for the general public because a lot of people feel like look what's happened in britain, though. how would you argue that if it's not that big a deal? what, happened in britain. >> yeah, i mean, i think that there's i don't think that elon musk is a perfect job of regulating contents on twitter, but i also think that it can g

we have an elon musk who runs x, formally twitter, who's - runs x, formally twitter, who's weighed inted kingdom and has criticised keir starmer and so on. t and has criticised keir starmer and so on. ., and has criticised keir starmer and so on. . , ~ so on. i find that quite shocking because this — so on. i find that quite shocking because this is _ so on. i find that quite shocking because this is a _ so on. i find that quite shocking because this is a country - so on. i find that quite shocking because this is a country that i so on. i find that quite shocking because this is a country that is| because this is a country that is an ally of ours. with the special relationship with america and have elon musk saying things like civil war is inevitable. this is not north korea. this is not russia where we talk about in terms of telegram so it is worrying when we have people who are saying those kinds of things. so with the government is going to have to do is be much more robust within the tech companies and say these are your social responsibilities, you may have a model of developing

does this help former president trump in terms of going on twitter or x twitter says, or x says they have a lot of undecided voters on its site. how helpful could this be to the former president? right. well, we don't know exactly how many undecided voters are on x as opposed to, you know, other sources, but it is a new source. it's a way for him to reach out to new audiences. and i think that's smart because we've seen in the last three weeks that the momentum has really been going toward the democrats and the focus has really been on the harris. and now that we know who her vp is, the harris walz campaign, they've been getting a lot of that. that earned media just because it's been such a historic turn of events in the campaign. and so you can see that trump is trying to put some attention back on on his campaign and he's using some different venues to try to get his message out. and to appeal to those new voters. perhaps young voters who are just entering the electorate, as well as the undecideds and the infrequent voters who may not feel as engaged to politics. so going to places

. >> ilan is not going to buy twitter when did you hear that before? >> from me from a fake account, she says lot of he's got himself a mess. you know, he said the other day, oh, i've never voted for a republican. i said i didn't know that he told me you voted for me so he's another vote share well, maybe he's a bs artist, but he is now a beat, yes. artist who supports donald trump and said so on his platform x, pretty soon after trump was shot at, was shot in pennsylvania and perhaps part of the reason he is supporting donald trump is why pretty much any business person makes a strategic argument or decision to support a politician is, you can try to persuade them to come your way. well, on that note, listen to what donald trump said about electric cars i'm for electric cars, i have to be, you know, because he elon endorsed me very strongly aligned i have and this. >> is a man who, you know, rails against evs. and does so our did so as much as he possibly could. they had a lengthy discussion in part of that to our chat about electric cars, but that wa

and thejob musk when he took over twitter and the job cuts musk when he took over twitter and thejob musk when he took over twitter and the job cuts in 2022. musk when he took over twitter and thejob cuts in 2022. and other things on policy — elon musk trying to challenge him about the global warming. donald trump quickly shifting this away to nuclear threats, rather than climate change. but lots of discussions around. 0f lots of discussions around. of course, donald trump's economic policy and lots of talking points for x on its ability to handle such big events at a time when it's desperately needed more investors in advertisement on the back of a lawsuit of a group of advertisers in the us. thank ou so advertisers in the us. thank you so much _ advertisers in the us. thank you so much for— advertisers in the us. thank you so much for summing . advertisers in the us. thank| you so much for summing up advertisers in the us. thank- you so much for summing up what was a very long conversation. let's delve a bit more into all of this with jane foley, head of foreign exchange strategy a