song, werecognize your ask that you stand and be recognized. ♪ >> the united states army. l the won and the army surely has won the army's on its way go, thee army is ♪ >> the united states air force. ♪ >> the united states marine corps. ♪ >> the united states coast guard. ♪ >> the united states navy. ♪ [applause] >> honor guard, pass in review. right shoulder, present arms. forward march. ♪ >> mr. president, this concludes today's ceremony. ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's ceremony. please stand for the departure of the official party. ♪ >> have a wonderful day. on newsmakers, guy cecil talks about the group's goals for the 2020 election. to elect a democratic president and put more democrats in the senate and the role of pac's. sunday at 10:00 eastern on c-span. >> the u.s. senate comes back into session on monday, september 9, with two important issues on their agenda in the passing federal spending bills and anti-gun violence legislation. get a behind the scenes look at the senate with c-span's history program, the senate: conflict and compromise. >> this go

why do you offer him the command of the united states army? so faced with constraints, rather than taking advantage of these new opportunities to show kids what history actually is, it's the record of everything that happened before today, and it's as interesting as you are, and it matters so much, we are giving packets of here is what you need to learn. is it "a," "b," "c," or "d"? was it tariffs, states rights, slavery, or culture that caused the civil war is the way it's been done. so this -- i've started a new project called new american history. and what we're trying to do is give directly to teachers to use in whatever time they have digital tools to be able to show some of the expansion texture and excitement, humanity of history. so if you've only got three minutes, here's a cool map that shows the way that people voted in the election of 1860. and they'll see it's not red states and blue states. but that the south was divided, the north was divided. there were decisions to be made. it's not just the politics today were broken from som

in regard to the anticipated amendment for the feasibility cost share agreement between the united states army corps of engineers and the san francisco waterfront flood resiliency study. the name changed, the federal government does, in fact, believe in the resiliency, climate change, and sealevel rise, in the army core has sought to change the name of the study to reinforce that. as you heard from brad, the port is seeking federal assistance or flood protection since 2012. and november of 2016. they allocated $100,000 and completed determination for the waterfront in 2017. the court in the port commence the flood study for a portion of the waterfront downtown. and in june of 2018, the big one , the port was in awarded a new start for a much larger general investigation. we suspended the cap 103. the process includes four legislative acts. number 1, the study offers relation on the water development act. number 2, the study appropriation, that was last year. number 3, construction authorization by a water resource development act. the study results in a chief's report with a recommendation to

doctor keller is the eisenhower chair of the national security and strategy of the united states army war college in carlisle pennsylvania. this year he became a director of military history program. in many articles he is the author, co-author or editor of several previous books on american civil war including the germans ethnicity and civil war memory. in the introduction in the book he lays out clearly and concisely several things. including the value of this book. historical and what you'll find in his notes versus the text itself. i greatly appreciate him confronting ahead on interpretive value and reliability of material particularly confederate wartime sources versus postwar sources former confederate. this military history takes you through chronological elation ship between lee and jackson and includes a chapter on the getty works campaign following the death of jackson after the battle. he also provided a chapter by including in appendix a provides insight on leadership from the partnership from the injection. you can tell with the results are reaching out via today's politi

turned himself in i want you all to follow everything that you do for as long as you are in the united states armyitizen of this country. >>host: you are a ranger and rangers lead the way as the motto coming out of the surge from baghdad can you explain how you were selected for the old guard? and what is the difference and how did that change you? >> it is a volunteer only african unit they are recruited with their high standards on behalf of the nation and that prominent mission if height and weight standards very high test scores. they have no character flaws are legal blemishes. there are additional eligibility requirements and they really wanted to have that combat tour because at the company level before going to a unit like the old guard we still had about one month to go i got an e-mail that said it's been except it was just curious because i did not submit an application so i called the personnel officer and said i have a e-mail this is i'm supposed to report in february. why was i selected? he said you are one of those guys paragraph first i was apprehensive. i said what do you mean he s

would argue that we are very close to 1983 again in terms of a big change in direction in the united states army with regard to how we are going to operate within the volunteer army. i will hold that for just a few moments. there we go. the last panel was a great precursor. they've told you things i'm going to tell you again but a little more structure to think about how the army operates today, and maybe get to my premise that will be very difficult to drink bring a draft back. first, you can see the structure of the army. we call that the total force, the guard, the reserves, and the active component. the reserve is closely linked to the active army and that the secretary and i had a great deal of control over it, how it's funded, structured, and all of that. but then you have 54 other armies that comprise the national guard. he typically belonged to the governors but secretaries or strong authorities there with well when regard-- with regards to document training and so forth. until federalized they are under the control of the governors. in the time of vietnam, this was the total army of abo

united states. so let's see how they stocked up at fort evans. first the army classification test score, as the funding of black schools in the south were more than 70% of african-americans. as an aside, black soldiers were better funded schools of the north outperformed southern white recruits. in any case, they had passed. they request a personnel when no training so he could isolate them in manual jobs. his reassignment of the three surgical technicians to orderly duty to stay in shape this intention. despite character, yes black wac complained about the jobs of fort devens and they were increasingly tardy for work. but not at first, when they first arrived they worked very hard at the job but after the officers ignored the request for more and they realized this was a job they were going to have the morality. they'd claimed discrimination but not as a part of convenience, it was a reality. not at the hospital where they worked, black but not white wac, nobody in the military ever like to perform kitchen police. the only white wac did not have to, black wac

they would declare to the world of the united states army to the european number to the power and not just any army that the enlisted regulars a force most would dismiss. if you pause to think of the soldiers against them that had been weakened and emotionally demoralized like the years of counterinsurgency warfare area to the men in the invasions considered the numbers were in their favor since they were far away from the americans resulting in the ratio in their favor along the eastern lines. nor for that matter to the rank-and-file of how many they made and how those mistakes that come close to erasing whatever advantage thadvantage they helde outset. no one understood what would come next or how they would recover if they lost. outside the inner circle it is unlikely anyone realized in either instance there was no plan for victory or defeat. one thing was sure dozens of correspondents were watching and the news of the flight would spread around the world in a near instant thanks to the progress and the presence of william randolph hearst in prison watching the battle unfold from a

man was absolutely indispensable, commanding the institution which is indispensable of the united states army the continental army. these characters, i'm looking for ways to walk them onto the stage or have them gallop on the stage. in ways that help to advance the generative and also the scene and grow. so a character like benedict arnold, he is the best battle captain on either side for the first two years of the war. he is born to lead other men. not only his terrific fighting on the end, absolutely proficient fighting admiral at sea because he commands the market squadron in october 1776. he loses his quadrant but delays the british invasion for the british to be stalled in their attempt to take new york. one of the crackle moments in our history. he is the guy who does it. he is enormous capacity for infuriating people around her. he is just one of those people who makes people angry and he is got resentment. which will lead to certain things as you all know. so benedict arnold for me as a character that i can watch evolve over time, he is critical to the event that i'm describing in thi

during his 30 year army career he served as a special weapons officer in germany within the united states and korea and he spent ten years as an associate professor of economics at west point where he also was the director of the u.s. army's office of manpower and analysis advising senior army leaders on office retention and marketing. my favorite piece of this introduction is that he created the award winning state-of-the-art america's army game which served as a key recruiting tool for the service as well as the virtual army experience. i'm expecting that you should all ask him questions about that aft after. excuse me. among his military awards and decorations, service medal, legion of merit and four meritorious service medals. please welcome dr. wardynski. [ applause ] >> well, it is afternoon. good afternoon, everybody. it's terrific to be here. on behalf of secretary of the army mark esper, i bring you greetings. chief of staff of the army, i bring you greetings. myself, i thank those of you who have served for your service and the rest of you for your attention. this afternoon what

united states. let's see how they stacked up at fort devins. first, the army general classification test core, the atct. at fort devins the women's army test scores were low as was the fun offering black school inside south where more than 70% of african-americans lived. as an aside, black soldiers from better funded schools in the north typically outperformed southern white recruits. in enough case, back at fort devins the deattachment's overall scores were actually engineered to be low. crandall requested personnel with no training so he could isolate them in menial jobs. his re-assignment of the three surgical technicians to orderly duty substantiates this intention. despite character, black wacs complain but their jobs at for devins, but this -- they were increasingly tardy for work but not at first. when they first arrived, they worked very hard at their jobs, but after their officers ignored their requests for explore they realized this was probably the job they would have, they did startmer more real deteriorated. the race card. yes, wacs claimed discri

united states. so let's see how they stack up at fort devens. first, , the army general classification test score, the yes, the women's army test scores were low, as was the funding of black schools in the south were more than 70% of african-americans lived. as an aside, black souls from better funded schools in the north typically outperform southern white recruits. in any case, back at fort devens the detachment over all scores were actually engineered to be low. crandall requested personal with no trading so we could isolate them in menial jobs. his reassignment of the three surgical technicians to orderly duty substantiates this intention. as far as character, yes, black wacs complaints complaint abous at fort devens, but, and they were increasingly tardy for work, but not at first. when the first arrived they worked very hard at their jobs, but after their officers ignored the request for more and they realize this was probably the job they would have, they did start, their morale deteriorated. the race card, yes, blacks claimed discrimination that not as a

for two decades she lived abroad first as a soldier in the united states army serving in germany and later as a teacher in international schools in europe, africa and asia. she earned her doctorate in history at ohio state university where her focus on gender, african-american history, gender and african-american history led to the publication of her book "glory in their spirit: how 4 black women took on the army during world war ii". sandra bolzenius is active in the grassroots movement move to amend and bill of rights efforts to protect ohio's natural resources. her travel, studies and activism reflect her interest in the dynamics of gender, race, class and public policy. [applause] >> hello, betty. ready for a story? so first i would like to thank the roosevelt library and the national archives for this opportunity to share the experiences of a woman's army corps. i'm especially pleased to acknowledge here at hyde park another of eleanor roosevelt's achievements and contributions to this nation. this one, not particularly well-known. the first lady was a champion of the woman's ar

in 1829 another young lieutenant from the united states army came to call on mary and that to the same was robert ed. we himself had been from a distinguished virginia family and in fact, his father, recently had been one of washington's great calvary commanders in the revolutionary war. mary and robert seem to have known each other going back to childhood and seem to have reserved their affection for each other throughout their early adulthood as well until late married in 1831. because robert eb's father had lost most of their family inheritance and had done of his own arlington and the arlington house became the home of robert e lee and his wife, mary, and their seven children. for 30 years arlington was a home much like soldiers today have a home that they return to from their deployment and from there tourism and other station with robert ely was an engineer and one of the top students at west point where he may return to become the commandant and in those years being and is there any spent time constructing fourth place like hampton road or south carolina or new york city. hard t

comes where united states military forces, appears soonest and stays longest in the mississippi river valley on the lower peninsula of virginia. you chart the progress of the united states armies and you can chart freedom's spread during the civil war. peter: agreed. absolutely. gary: i'm not saying black people don't play a role. of course not. but if the army is not there it doesn't matter how much you want to achieve freedom. you're probably not going to. peter: absolutely not. gary: enslaved people in texas have no chance of achieving freedom in the civil war because texas is beyond the reach of the united states military. peter: you're also acknowledging if slaves had not taken that step, a step that military officials on the union side did not want them to take. gary: most of them didn't. not all of them, but most of them. peter: i think were generalizing here. gary: most white northerners didn't give a good god damn. that is just the way it is. by our standards, they were profoundly racist. book on officers in the western theater. they embraced emancipation as they did in the eastern theater, for the most part, not because they cared about black people, not because they

dell sole has a unique relationship with the united states army in its coordination of care with the providers, the surgeons over at william montgomery medical center. they have of course the requirement to deploy and they work over here on a regular basis to help ensure their sustainment of their skills to be ready to go to iraq, afghanistan, and other points around the world. self of them came to the hospital yesterday to help us. we are incredibly grateful for their support. the care of the patients will be ongoing, as i said, throughout the week. was a long night, a long day. large volumes of blood and blood products were used. i know that the blood centers here in town had a tremendous response from the community. people coming out offering to donate blood. extremely critical. that's the life-saving force that we give to people. there's no value in putting saltwater into a patient who is bleeding blood. the teams are going to be busy. all of the nurses, the support staff, the surgeons, the anesthesiologists. even the non-surgical providers, our medical colleagues came from all p

he is a man interestingly, a united states army veteran, runs the site with his son, according to brennan, is losing money running the site. he says he thinks they find it fun. >> fun. incredible, keir. thank you for your reporting. senior international correspondent, keir simmons. watch for more of that interview with the founder of 8chan on nightly news with lester hold. >>> the country remains in mourning for those lost in the weekend attacks, learning more about heroes, survivors and victims from the shooting in el paso. joining me, gad ee schwartz. the president is visiting tomorrow el paso and dayton. what's the response from people you talk to about the president's trip? >> reporter: behind me, i don't know if you can see it, there's a big crowd of people, impromptu memorial on the back side of walmart, a sign in spanish that accuses president trump of racism and asks him to tone down what they say is racist rhetoric. that's what we've heard from a lot of people gathered here to pay respects to the victim. a lot of people we have spoken to saying they don't want the president to co

it will become the first united states army but before it is the u.s. army, it is the army of america, yes. but what element of america? certainly part of the american revolution. this typically the united colonies. so, when does the continental army begin? it is not necessarily with the start of the revolution but we are going to pick up our story at the beginning of the war. couple classes ago we were talking about the french and indian war. and the french and indian war was a world war that fundamentally altered several different nations primarily france, britain, and the british colonies. and many americans had fought alongside british soldiers and british officers during the war. does anyone recall what were some of the things that required when the the two colonies interactive? >> in a lot of ways the british are looking down on the colonists for number of reasons and that had to do with a lack of formal military training. some of it had to do with how they dressed. we know there is lots of resistance and there is a large aspect over who holds the

i was in the united states' army for 12 years. i served two tours in korea, two tours in iraq.nd if we were in a stressful environment or had a stressful time, or we just wanted to go talk, hey, we'd say, hey let's go smoke a cigarette. and that would be the office. you know, wherever that office was, be it next to a trash can or a light pole. now that we have our cigarettes, we're in meeting. interestingly enough, the further i got away from the military, i'd- i started noticing. you know, being in corporate environments and it not being as prevalent, being around smokers. so i would tend to be- become the odd man out. i became very self conscious because you're working in an office and then you go take a smoke break. you know, if you- you have any sense about you, you figure, well i'm kinda the only one taking a break- five times a day. yeah i'll never forget it. the first time i actually tried juul i uh, popped a pod in it and took a couple of puffs and i was surprised at how similar it was to a cigarette and i wasn't expecting that. >>> welcome back. 17 minutes past the hou

if they carried the day, they would dechair to the day that the united states -- declare to world that the united states army could beat any power. they were not just any army, barely-trained volunteers, a force that most europeans would dismiss as hardly an enemy at all. few americans paused to think that spain had long ceased being a first rate empire or the soldiers arrayed against them had been physically weakened and emotionally demoralized by three years of counterinsurgency warfare. few of the men in the invasion force considered the numbers were in their favor since the general in charge of the spanish defenses had deployed too many of his men on the city's northern and western sides, far away from the americans, resulting in a 10 to 1 ratio in their favor along the eastern alliance. nor, for that matter, how many mistakes had been made and how those mistakes would come close to erasing whatever advantage the americans held at the outset. no one understood what would come next if they won or how they would recover if they lost. outside schachter's inner circle, it is unlikely that anyone realized tha

i volunteered and joined to united states army.e were still fighting all over the place. december.in paul joined up too. we fought all over virginia and spotsylvania,e in and i took a bullet in my left shoulder and i ended up in the hospital here in washington. you have to realize that almost every building was a hospital. i ended up at the armory hospital which took up about 2.5 acres near that smithsonian castle that you may have seen there. mythat time a fellow from home state of new york was the secretary of the smithsonian, a guy by the name of joseph henry. so i am there in the hospital and i am lucky because i still have all of my limbs. because a good one third of everybody in the hospital not come away with everything they went in with. part of the problem was that theydidn't have a -- didn't have a very sophisticated surgical system. there were only three things that they used back in those days. there was a hacksaw. there was a bottle of whiskey and a bullet. the bottle of whiskey was for the anesthesia. sometimes it wen

. >> he said the man running the site is a former united states army veteran, that he runs the site with his son. he is losing money, hallie, in order to run the site. one of the interesting aspects of all of this and what happened with el paso is it illustrates the role of the internet and what you're seeing you can equate, i think with that kind of jihadist terrorist use of the internet to inspire people around the world. there are no borders with the internet. >> right. >> reporter: and no borders with inspiring this kind of violence. >> on 8chan, i know the service provider who had been putting it up said, hey, we're not going to do that right now. even though the company was conflicted over issues, for example, such as free speech. you can't give a megaphone to people spreading this kind of hate. how long do you think 8chan will stay down? >> reporter: that's what they have been calling for through the weekend. the site should be shut down by the providers. it has been taken offline. the issue partly not necessarily this particular site but the fact that these sites are going to spr

[laughter] frankly it was respect because if i was president of the united states or a general of the armyfeel Ãbsomebody is always criticizing me. i think he had that too. >> understood. so you have a question? >> my name is robert bock and my wife carol and i have been intertwined rather intimately with the 41st infantry division for quite a few years. [inaudible] as a result of that relationship we have over the years had an opportunity not only living in australia for a while but also visiting a number of the places that 41st infantry division was involved. one of which was at the battle of san fernando which i understand you have written about in your book. also holy india and hopefully in the next book you will write you will touch rather strongly on the à >> i do. i can't wait for that. [multiple speakers] >> we had the opportunity to visit a landi and spent six days Ãin 1993. what we found is a story in and of itself but with regards to the number of things you've already mentioned, there were as i understand 19 army divisions that have fought in the pacific and some point during w

this guy was an old lefty, a member of the party and he used that to make the case that the united states armyad been infiltrated by the reds. and that was the whole thing about him in the army in mccarthy hearings, all about that dentist. this sounds like the same tactic. >> well, it is. i'm jealous of the story. congratulations to jeremy and ken vogel who did it. and, you know, if someone has a problem with "the new york times," cnn, mother jones, msnbc, the way to deal with it is to say here are the facts that are different than what you report and challenge them on that basis. that's not what's being done here. this is an intimidation campaign. we're going after families. and in some ways not entirely new in that the right going back to richard nixon's enemies list, to jesse helms going after dan rather and cbs, has long looked at the media as needing to discredit the media in order to preserve political power. and this is what we see now with donald trump. he's calling, you know, the media not just the enemy of the people, but he says i'm asked about -- at the g7 why people in the media h

when it came on the eve of pearl harbor, the ranking armies of the world put the united states army at i think eight teams behind romania or bulgaria. the marine corps in 1939 had 17,000 officers and men. the future commander was a second lieutenant for 15 years. that is patients. but it was dangerous and led to the death of 440,000 young americans. that is the number of kia and the reason is because warlords in berlin and tokyo quite reasonably expected that either the united states would not fight listening to all of the isolationist, or that if we did they could make short work of us because we were such a week power. they made a terrible mistake, but it should never happen again. there is nothing wrong with being a superpower if you are the kind of superpower that the united states was and i hope will always be. after world war ii we rebuilt europe with the marshall plan. we were idealistic enough to agree that there should be an organization like the united nations. the united nations was a good intention but was another example of some thing that people who of were not of the sam

i think there is an orange flag we just did, where f-35's were targeting for the united states army. again, great synergy. you put this airplane in the hands of the war fighters, the young guys and gals out there, their ingenuity, i talked to one of them the other day and he said, out at sea we have just started to unleash the capabilities of this airplane. we haven't tapped all its capability. i think all of us should be focused on getting as much as we can get out of the f-35 and advancing that as best we can, i would say building them in numbers. i don't work for somebody that builds f-35's, but one way to toe the f-35 more effective, sustain is to to make less of them. thousandsow how many of those f-22 we built, but i asked, what did you plan on when you started building that airplane? what was your production model? they said, 960. the bottom line is, we have to build these and make them as deep as we can and keep that out we, for the people that built the plane for us, focus on cost, the cost of ownership down, so that we can afford them to go dominate like we need to and forw

i was in the united states' army for 12 years. i served two tours in korea, two tours in iraq. were in a stressful environment or had a stressful time, or we just wanted to go talk, hey, we'd say, hey let's go smoke a cigarette. and that would be the office. you know, wherever that office was, be it next to a trash can or a light pole. now that we have our cigarettes, we're in meeting. interestingly enough, the further i got away from the military, i'd- i started noticing. you know, being in corporate environments and it not being as prevalent, being around smokers. so i would tend to be- become the odd man out. i became very self conscious because you're working in an office and then you go take a smoke break. you know, if you- you have any sense about you, you figure, well i'm kinda the only one taking a break- five times a day. yeah i'll never forget it. the first time i actually tried juul i uh, popped a pod in it and took a couple of puffs and i was surprised at how similar it was to a cigarette and i wasn't expecting that. run with us... on a john deere 1 series tractor.

where we basically f-35's were targeting for the aimd for the united states army. great synergy and you put that airplane and the systems in the hands of war fighters, the young guys and gals out there, their ingenuity. i talked to one the other day and he said out at sea we've just-- we've just started to unleash the capability of the airplane. ... i would say if you have a production line, i went down to the lockey plant at us off the stick with an f-15, f-35s and had a number. i can't member thousands built. i asked the people, what did you plummet building when you started that airplane? it was like 960. maybe 3000 is too low i don't know but bottom line is we ought to be building these in making these as cheap as we can and keep the cable people bill that airplane for us focus on cost, drive, try to raise numbers up, cost of ownership down so we can afford them and go dominate like we need to. on the logistic side the marine corps bought this airplane that can land on a short strip or amphibious ship or small carrier. why? it's about making sure we have wider

and the idea of having soldiers of the united states army mow them down or whatever he means by usingy he wants it, get a little rough with them, what does he mean by that? so he seems to have demonized mexican americans and other latin american people coming up here, demonized them to the point of being rapists and thugs and animals. that's what he does. your thoughts? >> it's not just that he is fomenting an atmosphere of hate and racial divisiveness. i think we all know he is doing that. he is also making it clear that violence is a response to that. he's been doing it recently with regard to the four young congresswomen of color where he's encouraging chants of "send them home." get rid of them, they're not real americans is the implication of that. >> yeah. >> if you look at the change in hate crimes since he's been president, he's effectively given license to racists to act out their worst impulses, and he is doing the exact opposite of what the president of the united states should do, which is to talk about the values of justice and equality that are the very core of our count

and when it came on the eve of pearl harbor, ranking armies of the world put the united states army ati think, 18th right behind either romania or bulgaria. the marine corps in 1939 -- jack -- had 17,000 officers and men. a future commandant of the marine corps was a second lieutenant for 15 years. that's patience. but it was dangerous, and it led to the death of 440,000 young americans. that's the number of k.i.a. and the reason is because the warlords in berlin and tokyo quite reasonably expected that either the united states would not fight listening to all the isolationists in the senate or that if we did fight, they could make short work of this because we were such a weak power. now they made a terrible mistake. but it should never happen again. and there is nothing wrong with being a superpower if you're the kind of superpower that the united states was, and i hope we'll always be. after world war ii, we rebuilt europe with the marshall plan. we were idealistic enough to agree that there should be an organization like the united nations. the united nations was a good intention,

united states into involvement in world war ii. but arnold motive, if, in fact, he was involved in that leak, his motive was he believed that the united states air force at that point, part of the army, army air corps, was not prepared for war and needed more time to get the planes and air crews trained and all that sort of thing. he did not want to see united states go to war in 1941 or '42, unprepared as he saw it to fight an air war. he actually had a close relationship with wheeler despite wheeler's anti-interventionist policy views. so i think he lobbied the general and said great falls would be a great place to put that air force base. >> wheeler new him in the world war i years and served in washington, how did they regard each other? were they allies? think alike on anything? >> i think they were allies, chuck, to the extent they certainly saw eye to eye on american foreign policy issues. i don't character wheeler as rankin of being a passivist. i think she was in her heart of hearts opposed to war. he was opposed to not having in his view a military strong enough to defend the united states in the western hemisphere. there was a little divergence with their point of view. w

talking about compensated emancipation, that was prior to blacks being enlisted formally into united states armyy from the outset and even before the war. in 1900. but i didn't get a good, clear sense about the what as far as afrs afterwards. after the war, a lot of these veterans will come home and be involved in community. you have them coming home and creating small areas. well, throughout the south actually they're building schools, they're forming towns. they'll later be part of a militia movement. there were black militias in various southern states. in d.c. they were part of an early civil rights movement. so, they are quite active. and even before lincoln gave his approval, you had african-americans, free blacks, drilling in various cities and petitioning congress and the president to be able to serve. so -- >> and, actually, lincoln writes a letter to a friend in august of 1863 in which he talks about the fact that he is freeing black people to help win the war. and so what he says to his friend is, when the war is over, there will be some black men who can hold their heads high because

talking about compensated emancipation that was prior to blacks being listed formally into the united states armyg in the navy from the outset and even before the war and 19,000, but, i didn't get a good clear sense about the what is fars afterwards. after the war a lot of these veterans would come home and be involved in community formation. so, in maryland, in the rural areas, you have them coming home and creating small areas and building schools and forming towns and part of the militia movement, black militias in southern states and in dc they were part of the early civil rights movement so they are quite active and even before lincoln you have african- americans, free black drilling in various cities and petitioning congress and the president to be able to serve >> and, actually lincoln writes a letter to a friend in august 1863 in which he talks about the fact that he is framed lack people to help win the war and what he says to his friends is, when them war is over there will be black man who can hold their heads high because they help to preserve the union and there will be some white me

united states into involvement in world war ii. the arnold motive if in fact he was involved in that leak, his motive was that he was with the army air corps, was not prepared for war and needed more time to get the planes and aircrews trained and all of that sort of things. he did not want to see the united states go to war in 1941 or 42, unprepared as he saw it to fight an error war. he actually had a close relationship with wheeler despite the anti- interventionist policy views. i think he just lobbied the general and said great falls would be a great place to put that air force base. >> wheeler new jeannette rankin and then they would have served together. how did they regard each other? did they think alike on anything? >> i think they were allies to the extent that they certainly saw eye to eye on american foreign policy issues. i don't characterize wheeler in crate quite the same way as jeannette rankin of being a pacifist. in our heart of hearts i think she was totally opposed to war and wheeler was not opposed to having the us military in his view having a military strong enough to defend the united states in the western hem

of liberation that was conducted by general grant and sherman and the other members of the united states army as it swept through the south. including as we know approximately 200,000 black soldiers, who many of whom had in fact been slaves when the work began. there is this revolution of property ownership. 4 million people are no longer property they are now individuals, and under the 1866 civil rights act followed by the 14th amendment, these people are now citizens of the united states and this is a revolution in a variety of ways, including a revolution in law. the third team/14thÃ15th amendment are the most dramatic of legal revolution, that takes place in the united states. certainly since the bill of rights was adopted, and nothing has been as dramatic i think i lost my microphone for second. the revolution, in law began, almost immediately after the war began when people talk about the war, they talk about well the purpose of the war was to preserve the union, not about slavery. that is true for about the first couple hours of the war, once the work is moving, it becomes very clear,

del sol medical center has a unique relationship to the united states army, in its coordination of care the providers, the surgeons. they have, of course, the requirement to deploy. and their work over here on a regular basis. several of them came to the hospital yesterday to help us. we're grateful for the support. this will be ongoing throughout the week. it was a long night, a long day. i know that the blood centers in town, had a tremendous response to the community. people coming out, offer to donate blood. extremely critical. that's the life-saving force that we give to people. there's no value putting salt water into a patient that's bleeding blood. the teams will be busy. all the nurses, the support 1 6 staff, the anesthesiologists, our medical colleagues came from all points in the hospital to say, how can we help you, as we were taking care of these patients yesterday. we're extreme lly grateful for their assistance and support, in the care of the patients throughout yesterday. i will turn it over to you, david. >> i think the comments that governor abbott and mayor margot mad

victor vaughn sitting in the office of the general of the united states army and head of the army division of diseases watched the virus, and pull into a 1918 move across the earth, he wrote this and is on hand. if the epidemic continues its mathematical rate of acceleration, civilization could disappear from the face of the earth within a matter of a few more weeks. this is not some crazy person. this is one of the two top medical scientists in 1918 in the united states. he wrote that in his own hand. at the sense of panic that existed. we are going to face the same sense of panic. we have two people get sick with ebola in the united states, you remember what happened. the headlines across united states, imagine a 650,000 americans died in six months which is what happened in 1918, 80 million people died worldwide 5% of the population. we are going to deal with a whole series of political issues which i think we are not prepared to deal with. we have been born because of the viruses and diseases that have spread. we have fungus that is spread in hospitals that is very dangerous. and so we