and going to south vietnam. the north vietnamese regime at this point will enter a period of stabilization and consolidation in some respects. now from 1954 to 1959 the north concentrated on building its structures and building the regime of north vietnam. ho does some very typical way the communists did this when they first took over a place. you suppress all the groups in the country that aren't aligned with you. you begin the traditional communist practice of murdering any real opponents and also any someone's that you imagine to be opponents. they killed 100,000 people all in the name of land reform. that's mild numbers. now the communists at the same time they're doing this, they never abandoned the struggle against south vietnam. again, this is the first step. you've got north vietnam, yes, but the communists have not gotten what they really want. one of the primary ways they carry out their war during this period against south vietnam is something that becomes a primary tenant of the way they fight south

particularly catholics leaving north vietnam and going to south vietnam. now, the north vietnamese regime at this point will enter a period of consolidation in some respects. now, from 1954 to 1959, the north concentrated on building its structures and building the regime of north vietnam. but ho does some very typical way that the communists dist la reform. now, the communists at the same time they're doing this, they never abandon the struggle against south vietnam because, you know, again, this is the first step. you've got north vietnam, yes, but you haven't gotten -- the communists have not gotten what they really want. one of the primary ways they carry out their war during this later to be expanded into cambodia as well. and this is something that's very, very significant to the communist war effort in south vietnam, pivotal, pivotal for much -- for all of their war effort here once they really lunch the military struggle. now, the importance is critical here for supplies, logistics, for manpower and so on. so it's a very significant investment. 2 m

he has written two path finding books on the subject "nixon's vietnam war" in 1998 and 2003's "the vietnam war files." a professor emeritus of the miami university of ohio. jeff has had the great scholarly pleasure in the last decade with each new release of nixon tapes and nixon documents of seeing his work proved right, and i have the great scholarly pleasure of introducing him. ladies and gentlemen, jeffrey kimball. >> thank you, ken, and i thank everyone who is responsible for the conference. what i also want to say or reiterate is something about book, that those of you who are not professional historians may not understand or it may not have been clear. this is a book of hof historiogy is a fancy word of writing about different issues and what different interptations are. this is what the book is about. we all approached it perhaps with a different style, but it is a book about the literature concerning certain issues of broader topics. my topic, as ken suggested, mentioned, was richard nixon and the vietnam war, which is a big topic, and i'll add a complicated and complex topic. per

>> in vietnam. yeah. i have studied history of vietnam and us military history for years. i've been back to vietnam seven times since 1990. i've talked to the general twice. and the historian for hours, i talk to him. i talk to the lieutenant who was my opponent on the battle field and a lieutenant colonel we were trying to kill each other. i went back to the battlefield with him and you've probably seen that documentary. >> yes, sir. >> and joe galloway and i have visited his widow and his family in hanoi. three or four years after his death. and i have found the military history of vietnam just fascinating. of course, the french were not only in vietnam, they were in laos and cambodia as well. colonizing the whole place. i have never understood and perhaps you can enlighten me, on why president truman did not strongly object to the french re-colonizing southeast asia after world war ii when they threatened the dutch that they were going to cut off marshall aid if he didn't get out of indonesia and they did. why did we tolerate the french giving birth to another war in so

, and to give up on their insistence of a unified vietnam. that did not happen. but the point is that vietnamization took a long time to come into play and by the time it came into play, most american troops had been withdrawn. well -- >> okay. >> this is complicated. >> i have actually a slightly different interpretation of laird's role. and, by the way, the nixon library has quite an excellent laird oral history they did. in any case, i think that nixon's view of melvin laird, nixon and kissinger's i should say view of melvin laird was somewhat similar to what john kennedy thought about avril harriman, that he was the crocodile on the side of the creek who could bite your head off if you did it wrong. so laird's positions and what laird did and how he related to the president's enterprises was of huge importance to the white house, and that's why certain things happened the way they did during that period of the vietnam war. and i think jeff is right about laird's commitment to de-americanizing the war, but the way that the nixon administra

in vietnam. and that it was the prime example of the nixon doctrine at work. but the documentary evidence reveals, it seems to me, that although vietnamization was a key option, it was not the only option. it was one of many interrelated, important alternative strategies or policies in the nixon/kissinger approach to their vietnam problem. one of these was nixon's mad man theory which i won't talk much about here. as time passed and circumstances dictated or warranted, nixon and kissinger modified particular options and prioritized one option or combination of options over others, as one would expect. and regarding the so-called nixon doctrine, it never became a leading principle or master plan guiding the administration's policies in southeast asia or the developing world. it was, in other words, not a policy doctrine. a fifth issue maybe is now the most contentious question in some circles. did kissinger -- did nixon and diss kissinger include a decent interval policy. decent interval, for thos

, then there's the danger of south vietnam failing. falling. and therefore you need to build up the south vietnamese on the other side. nixon didn't end it until 1969 and into '70 and even then it was more than laird wanted them to the other strategy was force. khpwhv it purpose, which was to force the other side to withdraw north ve vietnamese troops from south vietnam and to give up on their insistence of the unified vietnam. that did not happen. but the point is that vietnamization took a while to come into play and by then most american troops had withdrawn. >> we're out of time. >> i had actually a slightly different determination of laird's role. and by the way, the nixon library has quite an excellent oral history that they did. in any case, i think that nixon's view of laird was somewhat similar to what john kennedy thought about harriman, that he was a crocodile on the side of the creek that would bite your head off if you did it wrong. so laird's positions and what laird did and how he related to the president's enterprises

give the order to send troops into north vietnam. between 1965 and 1969 there are 325,000 chinese troops here. at one time there was 170,000. this is critical in many ways. to the north, they want these chinese troops because the more there are in north vietnam, it acts as a trigger. if the americans come north there will be a war with the chinese. there are chinese troops in north vietnam. in the north vietnamese' mind this is a great option to have. when you think about american options when we talk about this next week, think about american options for dealing with this war, keep in mind the chinese presence here and the factor that that brings to the table. in 1964 the north decided to consolidate their control of the central highlands. they're thinking that now they're getting prepared for what they think is going to be a final offensive against the south. after the gulf of tonkin incident and the fact that they couldn't negotiate a settlement, the north decided they had to start committing troops to the south. they believe they

and to give up their insistence of a unified vietnam. that did not happen. but the point is vietnamization took a long time to come into play, by the time they came into play most american troop his withdrawn. okay, this is complicated. >> i have actually a slightly interpretation of laird's role and by the way. theon

but for the north, the real war for north vietnam is still in south vietnam. and the communists during this period in the early '70s will intensify their guerrilla activity, particularly in rural areas, the southern part of the country that's heavily populated. and again, they're still looking to build their forces, to destroy south vietnam. and so, again, build forces. defeat their pacification efforts, defeat the pacification efforts of the americans, expand their base areas. here's what they're trying to do. but the communists have their problems here as well. this war has gone on a very long time. the protracted nature has an effect on us, but it also has an effect on the communists as well. and their cadres are getting tired. people are beginning to lose support particularly in the south, the communists fighting there. and it's increasingly difficult for the north vietnamese to recruit supporters in the south. land reform is happening in south vietnam is hurting their recruitment. the pacification programs are hurting them, and they begin to lose control

my film is not about vietnam. it is vietnam.rd coppola) we made it very much like how americans were in vietnam. we were in the jungle. there were too many of us and, little by little, we went insane. (man) they trained young men about violent people, but their commanders won't allow them to write f---. when francis ford copolla stands up at "the cannes" with his hands outstretched and says, "i am vietnam," is really like zanuck saying, "i want to be the whole wwii." i think jim carabuctus wrote a very honest, a very direct version of the vietnam experience. okay. let's get ready. let's tape this squad. teddy ford, may 17th. how long have you been on this hill, soldier? what? hey, brother, how many times you been up and down this hill? what are you doin' here? my job. bull. up and down this hill nine f--- times. hey, word is you guys can't take this hill. what do you have to say about that? in fact, senator kennedy says you guys don't have a chance. in vietnam, something, perhaps the fear of death, we african-americans, in parti

before 1988, rice in vietnam was produced by collectives.dividual farmers had little responsibility for their land and virtually no incentive to increase productivity. ( man speaking vietnamese ) translator: in the collective system, farmers are just hired hands. everything they produce becomes the collective's property. the collective then tries to sell the produce narrator: in the 1990s, a market-oriented "contract system" was installed. the collectives were disbanded, reinstating the individual farmer as the linchpin of rice production. translator: in the contract system, the farmers profit from whatever they produce; they're wholly entitled to the fruits of their labor. narrator: the move from collective to commercial farming also created another success story. the hill country to the north, between hué and saigon-- or ho chi minh city-- is a perfect clima from where to growofe. narrator: vietm isowheor's secondiggest pcer, coffee outt re aect e global price. coffee is one of the mos ims traded on a global scale and does represent an opp

the war in vietnam exceedingly unpopular. the democratic national committee was -- i was behind in the polls, people were leaving me like i was a contagious disease. >> he was in the administration that lost control and when it came to the issue of vietnam, he didn't have control of that. >> absolutely intense, awful pressure. there never was a day when you could relax. >> i believe that the republican candidate -- i believe that the republican candidate owes it to the people to come out of the shadows. >> if you one time have had human excrement thrown at you by a protester, it makes every other protester the enemy. >> how badly was he defeated in '68 by richard nixon? >> well, he lost by one half of one percent of the popular vote, but he lost the electoral election by more, because he had some areas he didn't carry. but the popular vote was really close. literally less than one half of one percent. >> during your documentary we hear hubert humphrey's voice a lot and don't see him. where does that come from? >> i think we d

>> the whole tour of vietnam. >> and in previous or just this time. >> vietnam. you could get killed in a helicopter crash in the united states but the chances of getting killed in battle are a hell of a lot better. sergeant major plumber is a national treasure. we went into vietnam together and we flew out together on the freedom bird. on the same day. and ironically, we were in a battle near a special forces camp my replacement, a colonel, had arrived two weeks earlier and i didn't want to lose command of my brigade. i knew how to fight that enemy and i knew the terrain and i knew the do's and don'ts. here's a guy, fresh out of america. his socks were still clean. he didn't know nothing about that enemy. and i refused to let him take command of the brigade. and i got by with it for a while and then a battalion -- a company got surrounded down here the special forces camp, the 101st airborne division and i heard about this and i asked the system division commander of operations, why don't you send my brigade down there to take the pressure off a couple of those

troops and the people's army of vietnam, the vietnam archive interviewed veterans from the battles of the la drang valleys. up next, airing for the first time on television, excerpts from one of those oral histories. we'll hear from william lund, a forward observer with bravo company and was in charge of launching long range artillery that launched long range ex-way. >> i was married. my high school sweetheart and i got married as sophomore and junior in college. that's why i was in rotc, because lieutenants got more pay than privates. i thought that was a good idea. when i got my orders, i always remember it because it said -- in minnesota when you graduate you put your uniform on, walk across the stage, they pin the bars on you, hand you your diploma and they hand you your orders at the same time. i got my orders. i opened them up and i looked and it said 11th air assault experimental. i thought, i wonder what that is. so i took it back to the captain at the rotc. i said what's that. he said i don't know, but you're in trouble. that's how it started. >> you graduated and got your co

i am a vietnam veteran. my country. ♪ ♪ [applause] >> oliver fought for your generation, for our generation. the vietnam war was defining war. of that. and memories remain, even the younger generation. so what a thank you to tell us is how you personally got involved in that. i mean, i know there was ag draft. you were drafted, but something more than that. >> i came from new york city and went to the public library. i personal problems and i wanted to get out of the system that existed at yale. bush was in that class, george hirsch as well as many people of that type. i would say entitled. i dropped out and i consciously went over there to teach love m father was a republican.g make a long story short igo communism. volunteered for the draft and baltimore would really mean. i disagree with on one thing. i don't think it is memory. job of hiding it and covering it reagan when he was president embarrassed, didn't really want so let's not kid ourselves. i made three movies about the see what is coming now

, i was in north vietnam being bombed by u.s.peace mission sent by two philosophers to investigate war crimes and had to spend quite a number of nights in bomb shelters all over the country. and days. and often we were told this was what was happening in south vietnam, what you showed in the film. and it was so horrendous that to be honest with you we did just one day -- is this just propaganda, saying this to make us angry? they don't need to because we're angry anyway. but can this be happening? and then as the archives and the footage came out, and this particular clip, i thought, was very revealing because this is a clip which could be head about iraq or about afghanistan or parts of africa even. so let's see it. two. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> fire in the hole! >> fire in the hole! ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> hey, come on! get out of here! don't do it! don't do it! you fucker! what is this, huh? >> what the fuck is your problem? >> she's a fucking human being, man! fuck you! fucking animal! >> you don't belong in nam, man. this ain't your place at all. >> y

there are around 33 million motorcycles on the roads of vietnam.bout one in every two adults uses them to get around. they use them to transport anything humanly possible. but upgrades to infrastructure aren't keeping up with economic growth. on the roads, many intersections have no traffic lights. where they do exist, many drivers ignore them. more than 10,000 people die in traffic accidents every year. it's a challenge for sagawa to execute deliveries accident free and on time. the company educates drivers to put safety first. >> translator: i need to be careful because we have to be safe, not just for ourselves but for our customers' goods, too. >> reporter: the lack of traffic lights is not the only problem. parking lots are also in short supply. most drivers park on the edge of the street. it's almost impossible for sagawa drivers to find short-time parking. so sagawa stocks each vehicle with two people. one keeps driving while the other makes the delivery. there's no other way. sagawa believes it's worth the extra effort to get a piece of thi

there are around 33 million motorcycles on the roads of vietnam. about one in every two adults uses them to get around. they use them to transport anything humanly possible. but upgrades to infrastructure aren't keeping up with economic growth. on the roads, many intersections have no traffic lights. where they do exist, many drivers ignore them. more than 10,000 people die in traffic accidents every year. it's a challenge for the company to execute deliveries safely and on time. the company educates drivers to put safety first. >> translator: i need to be careful because we have to be safe not just for ourselves, but for our customers' goods, too. >> reporter: the lack of traffic lights is not the only problem. parking lots are also in short supply. most drivers park on the edge of the street. it's almost impossible for the drivers to find short-term park aing. so it has staffed each vehicle with two people. one keeps driving while the other makes the delivery. costs are doubled, but there's no other way. the company believes it's worth the extra

and as nhk world's akiko reports from vietnam, there is a growing sense of urgency. >> reporter: vietnams one of the countries taking part in the tpp negotiation. it also shares a border with china. china launched a free trade agreement two years ago. within a year, china had become vietnam's largest trading partner. vietnam's primary exports to china are commodities such as grains, meat and seafood. >> translator: our exports to china are growing. that's because vietnamese products are cheaper. >> reporter: but vietnam now imports more from china than it exports. assembled or processed goods such as consumer electronics are still made in china are creating the deficit. >> translator: there's a constant stream of household electrical appliances made in china. >> reporter: vietnam fears its economy ricks becoming reliant on china. it's looking for new trading partner. >> translator: we have the advantage in the fields of food and agricultural products. vietnam is in the process of joininthe world economy. we're targeting the markets of other tpp countries. >> reporter: as the tpp discussi

vietnam is in the process of joining the world economy. we're targeting the markets of other tpp countries. >> reporter: as the tpp discussions continue, each country at the negotiations table has its own agenda. for vietnam, that agenda is to protect its rapid economic growth. but without being so dependent on china. >> thailand is currently suffering from a severe shortage of rain. just months after the country experienced record flooding. 21 provinces mostly in northern thailand are officially in a state of drought. the situation started in early february and has affected many areas. the river is normally seven meters deep, but the water level has dropped to just one meter. the river is a major source of irrigation for agriculture. more than ten irrigation pumping stations along the river are out of action. the situation may deteriorate further unless the only dam in the district can be fixed. >> translator: the dam was badly damaged in a severe flash flood last year. if it can't be fixed by the end of march, we'll see lore levels of wa

vietnam is in the process of joining the world economy.re targeting the markets of other tpp countries. >> reporter: as the tpp discussions continue, each country at the negotiating table has its own agenda. for vietnam, that agenda is to protect it rapid economic growth but without being so dependent on china. reporting for nhk world, han ohio. >>> thailand is currently suffering from a severe shortage of rain just months after the country experienced record flooding. 21 provinces mostly in northern thailand are officially in a state of drought. the situation started in early february and has affected many areas of the province. one district is especially badly affected. the river is normally seven meters deep but the water level has dropped to just one meter. the river is a major source of irrigation for agriculture. more than ten irrigation pumping stations along the river are out of action. the situation may deteriorate further unless the only dam in the district can be fixed. >> translator: the dam was badly damaged in a severe flash

he was a navy corpsman with marines in vietnam.come here twice before, but couldn't cross the street. so this time his buddies helped him to come and see the people he couldn't save. >> reporter: at the vietnam veterans memorial, armando trull, 9news now. >> the memorial was dedicated back on november 13th, 1982, after thousands of vietnam war veterans marched to the site. this november all the names on the wall will be read during a four-day ceremony. >>> now for the latest on that shooting spree in afghanistan. the u.s. has paid $50,000 in compensation for each villager killed in that rampage. afghan officials say an additional $11,000 was paid for each person wounded. the officials say families were told that the money came from president barack obama. army staff sergeant robert bales is accused of sneaking is off his base two weeks ago and walking into two villages and opening fire on families as they slept. investigators believe the gunman returned to his base after the first attack and slimmed away again to carry out the seco

and 30 years after ground was broken on the vietnam memorial, barry peterson shows us three decades of love left behind. >> >> when people leave things at the wall, people let go of their grief. captioning sponsored by cbs this is the "cbs evening news" with scott pelley. >> pelley: good evening. the d the defense of george zimmerman rests on a violent fight that he says occurred before he fired the shot that killed trayvon mart martin. zimmerman is the neighborhood watch volunteer at the center of the case. it was almost five weeks ago that martin, the unarmed 17-year-old, was killed after zimmerman found him suspicious. we don't know what happened immediately before the shot was fired, fired, but mark strassmann joins us tonight with important new evidence in the case. mark. >> reporter: scott, trayvon martin was buried in mime wea gunshot wound to the chest, but otherwise, according to richard kurtz, the funeral director who prep prepared martin for burial, his body showed no injuries. >> we could see no physical signs, like there signs, like there had been a scuffle, there had been

thirty years ago today ground was broken for the vietnam memorial. >> the vietnam war deeply dividedamerica. so perhaps it was fitting that the design, the stark design, was almost as divisive in 1982 when it was unveiled. just as america has come to terms with the war, 30 years later the vietnam war has become an almost hallowed place. >> my uncle died in the vietnam war. >> reporter: the dead, who now live forever in black granite that stretches from the sky to the ground, give their offerings renewing bonds that time and space cannot sever. >> he was a friend of mine from back home. we hung out together. it is also a place of hearing. vietnam vet joe leon has been a volunteer at the memorial for eight years. >> i always felt i didn't do a lot in the war, there were so many more that did so much. i consider it a privilege and an honor to help. >> reporter: leon remembers the particularly moving sight of two vets helping their buddy approach the wall. >> then the guy in the huddle just broke down. he was a navy core man -- corpsman. his buddies helped him come and see the people he

vietnam was no exception. with that in mind, a traditional japanese technique for managing rivers is ting attention. it dates back more than 500 years. baskets filled with stones are used to strengthen river banks and prevent flooding. after a few local modifications, the method was introduced in central vietnam and as nhk world reports, it has some unforeseen benefits. >> reporter: introducing gabians to vietnam was the brain wave of a visiting japanese developmental official. he was inspired by vietnam's ubiquitous bamboo baskets. bamboo is in ready supply in vietnam. that makes it ideal for making gabians. instead of steel one normally uses these days in japan. >> translator: bamboo is very good for preventing floods. i'm very happy i can play a useful part. >> reporter: central vietnam often suffers from flooding. one disaster in 1999 killed 800 people and caused damage worth hundreds of millions of dollars. this village with 200 people suffers floods almost every year. >> translator: this is a mark left b

so he got into vietnam very earliful and he wanted to, he wanted to be the first, and i think he got off on the fact that he was getting there in the trunk of a car, and he set up this holding company, disguised his ownership, and he was there, and the state department was going crazy about it, but he was going to outsmart them. you know, it became this sort of cat and mouse thing with larry. the great thing is it allowed him to why some incred -- buy some incredible properties in vietnam that some people say will never be purchased again, they're just incredible. the bad thing is he was 20 years ahead of his time, so you had hotels that he built, for example, where people in vietnam couldn't stay in them, they weren't allowed to stay because they were scared they'd try to cook in their rooms or do things that were fine in the local culture, but you couldn't have people, like, cooking in their $300 room at the palace hotel. so it did not do well. he put in over $100 million before they were ready for business, and they were sold a few years later for 15. so they lost about 90% of the

troops and the people of army of vietnam, the vietnam archive interviewed veterans from the battles. it was after these battles waged in november of 1965, that north vietnamese forces engaged in ger la warfare. up next, excerpts from one of those worldries. we'll hear from harold moore. over the next hour, moore ruminates on the nature of war and leadership and we'll hear his recollections of the battles he knew would reverberate in washington and hanoi. this is the second of two parts and opens with moore talking about freedom of the press during wartime. part one can be viewed at cspan.org/history. >> what i -- that commanders did welcome and understand press coverage. but after the fact, they add that when the negative reports, tried to turn the volume down a bit. starting to have a problem with the way that a war was being -- i realized every now and then -- i would -- i thought it was -- or the american people. the people who send their sons and daughters off to war, they deserve to know what's going on. they depend on -- it was unfortunate -- >> is that correct? >> that's corre

that reflection is me. >> reporter: the wall is also for those too young to remember vietnam but oldearn about the troops who died there. on the day of our visit to the memo memorial wall, we found letters left by elementary school students. this one, written by a sixth grader named michael, was addressed to marine michael vasquez. >> "thank you once many, michael." >> reporter: and "thank you." >> yeah. >> reporter: would you have im imagined that many years ago that a school child named michael would write a throat a casualty of vietnam and say th thank you? >> it's an amazing thing. >> reporter: for jan scruggs, remembering those lost was a comrade's debt of honor, and with every touch, with every memory left behind, that debt is being paid. barry petersen, cbs news, washington, d.c. >> pelley: and that's the cbs evening news for tonight. for all of us at cbs news all around the world, good night. captioning sponsored by cbs captioned by >>> now, "entertainment tonight," the most watched entertainment newsmagazine in the world. >>> is this heidi klum's new man? the exclusive shots

. >>> 30 years ago this week a ground breaking ceremony was held for vietnam veterans memorial.ion people visit each year. barry petersen spoke to the veteran who founded the wall and the importance of the mementos left behind. >> when people leave things at the wall, people let go of their grief. and that's what a lot of this is all about. people saying good-bye. >> reporter: jan scruggs conceived the idea of building the vietnam veterans memorial but he never dreamed so many mementos would be left at the wall that a warehouse would be needed to store them. >> 300,000 items, actually more. >> reporter: a pair of boots. >> richard k. harper. >> reporter: a letter about henry lee bradshaw. >> he was killed by an ak-47. >> reporter: hats, purple hearts, so many dog tags. >> these dog tags were in the country of vietnam around the necks of these shoulders. these are authentic. >> reporter: scruggs, a vietnam veteran, started the memorial project with $2800 of his own money. he went on to raise $8 million. >> it was so sad whenever anybody died in vietnam because you just had a feel

their relationship with vietnam is still sensitive. the relationship with the soviet union and now russia was still sensitive, so i didn't find -- not all that much, but there are some memoirs and biographies and authorized history of u.s./chinese relations which have interesting stuff. >> do you have evidence of who between henry kissinger and richard nixon or somebody else possibly thought about this idea first? >> well, there was conflicting story. and i think everyone involved would like to take credit for being the one who pushed it through. i think it was richard nixon who got the idea. he'd been talking about it before he became president, before he won the election in 1968. he'd written an article for foreign affairs in 1967 in which he said sooner or latermust bec community of nations. he'd given talks in which he'd said that and i had a very interesting conversation with someone who knew him the other day who said he remembers talking to nixon about this in 1968 and nixon said i'm going to go to peking as it was pronounced in

nixon wished to fire the united states commander in vietnam, general craig abrams, because he was not acting forcefully enough. in 1972, in the beginning of the year, when the north vietnamese launched the eastern offenses, mr. nixon immediately criticized the air force for not developing sufficiently potent plans for hitting north vietnam. in fact, the christmas bombings that occurred in december 1972, in which we sent 150 b-52 bombers, was prefigured the middle of april of that year when mr. nixon specifically wrote in memos that he sent to the pentagon, i want a plan thursday morning to hit hanoi with 100 b-52 bombers. he was constantly pushing and pushing. this is the kind of thing you have to explain. it's not limited. there was a plane shot down. the immediate response that knicks be son ordered was an armedbñ-v attack, similar to at north korea. i actually with a colleague here from the nixon library, did the oral history interview with former secretary of defense melvin laird and he explained how he had to deconstruct this nixon order to go attack north korea. so the historia

diplomatic terms with vietnam, we could not automatically sent someone back to that country. they have to agree to accept those individuals. >> and issue them passports which they were reluctant to do with refugees that fled the communist regime. but in 2006 things change, vietnam began allowing citizens back in if they left the country after 1995. but binh thai luc left before 1995. >> they feel like they are products of the united states. at they enter here as infants and toddlers and that they grew up here, and that their criminality has little to do with them being vietnamese. >> and has more to do with them growing up in the united states. >> so vietnam would respond by saying " he is your problem not ours ". he is a product of your environment, not the not. >> the professor says the supreme court ruled 11 years ago that immigrants cannot be held indefinitely. >> the supreme court said that after 180 days, you have to give these individuals a chance to show that they are rehabilitated, or on the pastor rehabilitation. and if it is reasonable and you need to let them out.

that was a battle which changed the war in vietnam. the american war in vietnam. i knew at the outset, and we were hit heavily by those two enemy battalions. i knew that however the outcome of this battle, major decisions were going to be made in saigon and hanoi and washington. and i knew that we had to win. i knew we would. and general kennard wrote me a letter in recent years saying we had a lot of good battalions. it was the first cav division. i'm glad it was your battalion that ran into that hornet's nest which was a pretty good compliment from the commander general. >> yes, sir. >> but i've gone back to the battlefield twice, once with joe and i wanted to spend the night on the battlefield. the helicopter that took us in there, russian helicopter flown by two vietnamese pilots. they took the first lift out. but then the second lift, we were stranded by monsoon rain which pounded us for two hours, so we spent the night there. i was able to walk over to my command post and i visualized in memory that some of the dead that we were unable to get out that night.

could not deport him because vietnam would not issue the documents. >> certain countries like vietnam don't have a relationship with the u.s. and a lot of times they won't issue this paperwork; correct? >> that's correct. although we're on diplomatic terms now with vietnam, we have not been deporting many people to vietnam. from my research i don't think we've deported more than a dozen or so people to vietnam. i.c.e. has a duty to determine whether or not he's a public safety problem. and apparently they made a determination that he wasn't a public safety problem at some point and they released him. again, that's not uncommon. in fact, every year i.c.e. releases about 4,000 people in this situation, not from vietnam, but from all over the world, that they cannot deport. >> and from outside the house, you can see a small memorial has been set up. people have been stopping by periodically to pay their respects to their victims. and police have released the names of the victims. three of them are female. two or male, all of them between the ages of 30 and 65. flowers have been left at t

vietnam as well particularly on the air side of it. a lot of this is conventional. again, it's not all. that's not the whole thing. it's only part of the picture. and you also have to keep in mind that the cold war context of what is going on here, because we don't -- when we think about vietnam, we don't automatically think about this being a coalitional war. we sometimes even overlook the south vietnamese role in it. some of the literature, for example. you almost think there's no south vietnamese army he'ding the book that there's pretty

the two governments signed an agreement in vietnam's capital hanoi on wednesday. as part of an official development assistance program, japan will offer over $3.5 million. using the money vietnam is to buy japanese equipment for training crew members on ships. >> the cooperation is very meaningful because it will help people worldwide remember the rebuilding efforts in japan. >> meanwhile, vietnam's transport minister welcomed the support. he said vietnam could learn japanese people's spirit of reconstruction by getting products from the disaster-hit area. >>> japan plans to offer a combined $48 million in aid to 14 nations, including mongolia and sri lanka. >>> on paper, the outlook for the people of tanzania looks promising. growth has been steady at 6% to 7% each year for the past decade. but the booming economy, the official one, has bypassed most tanzanians. so they've created their own marketplace. nhk world reports. >> reporter: dar es salaam has bustled with trade for centuries. recently, business has been on the upswing. for investors from places like sou

. >>> japan and vietnam are enhancing their ties. japan's top business group is visiting the southeast asian nation this week. the two sides are talking about continued cooperation in infrastructure development including construction of nuclear power plants. japan business federation chairman met the vietnam trade minister on monday. the japanese delegation is touring southeast asia through saturday. the vietnamese minister called for japan's assistance, stressing the importance of progress in infrastructure for the nation's economic expansion. he said mutual cooperation was necessary to creating a favorable business environment and to promote continued growth of asian economies. he also called fon vietnam to help japan join the transpacific partnership trade talks. vietnam is one of the nine nations discussing the free trade initiative. the vietnamese minister expressed his support. he declared the two countries are indispensable partners for economic development in the asia pacific region. >>> one of japan's biggest mobile phone ca

that was a battle that changed vietnam. and i knew major decisions were going to be made and i knew that we had them then. i knew we would. and i'm glad but i've been back there twice, once with joe, and i wanted to spend the night on the battlefield. and the helicopter, the russian helicopter flown by two vietnamese pilots, they took the first person out but then stranded and spent the night there. i was able to walk over to my command post and visualize and commemorate that we were unable to get out and i conceded in my mind and then to sit there, what was left there and i remember as i walked the line -- i knew then that night in the middle of the night when i looked at all of the dead bodies in the process, i knew that it had been 36 hours. but it ended up that night, after we on the ground was me, and my crew and there was just a few of us. and we were drying out and then the night birds, of the monkeys, there was no life. millions of don't you think there has to be a supreme being that created all of this? the thing t

. >>> japan and vietnam are enhancing their ties. japan's top business group is visiting southeast agency nation this wiek. the two sides talking about continued cooperation in infrastructure development, including construction of nuclear power plants. japan business federation chairman met the vee knap east minister. he is touring southeast asia through saturday. the vietnamese minister called for assistance, stressing progress in infrastructure for the nation's economic expansion. he said mutual cooperation was necessary to create a favorable business environment and to promote continued growth for asian economies. he also called on vietnam to help japan join the trans-pacific partnership trade talks. vietnam is one of nine nations discussing the free trade initiative. the vietnam minister expressed support and said the two countries are in dispensable partners for economic development in the asia pacific region. >>> one of japan's biggest mobile phone carriers is getting into the solar power business. soft bank says they will buil

that was the same with a lot of the journalists in vietnam. they didn't know what they were looking at. so consequently they took these -- they took the pictures and they reported graphic stuff, some of which helped the enemy. >> join us next weekend for more oral histories from the vietnam archive. that airs saturday at 8:00 a.m., sunday at 3:00 p.m. and monday at 4:00 a.m. eastern. for more information and to watch past oral histories, visit our website, c-span.org/history. >>> louisiana governor bobby jindal is scheduled to reveal his proposal for balancing the state budget for the next fiscal year to date, a budget, $900 million in the red. in shreveport it's mostly cloudy and 37 degrees at the airport, 38 at barksdale and 38 in men den. you're listening to shreveport news radio 710 keough. >> this weekend book tv and "american history tv" look at shreveport, louisiana. today at noonest earn on become tv author gary joiner on the union army's failure in louisiana "one dam blunder from beginning to end: the red river campaign of 1864" then

. >>> leaders of japan's top business lobby are in vietnam this week.y've held high-level talks on vietnam's infrastructure development and japan's ambition to take part in free trade talks for the asia-pacific region. the chairman of the japan business federation hiro masai yunekura met with vietnamese trade minister huang in hanoi. the vietnamese minister called for help in his country's infrastructure including the construction of nuclear power plants. he said mutual cooperation is needed to create a favorable business environment and promote continued economic growth in asia. yunekura called on vietnam to help japan join the transpacific trade talks. vietnam is one of nine nations participating in the free trade initiative. the vietnamese minister expressed his support. he said the two countries are indispensable partners for economic development in the asia pacific region. members of a japanese delegation will also visit malaysia and the philippines. their tour lasts through saturday. >>> after days of chilly weather it's surprisingly warm in tokyo

"nixon's vietnam war" in 1998 and 2003's "the vietnam war files." a professor ameritus, miami university of ohio. jeff had had the great scholarly pleasure in the last decade with each new release of nixon tapes and nixon documents of seeing his work proved right. and i have the great scholarly pleasure of introducing him. ladies and gentlemen, jeffrey kimball. [ applause ] >> thank you, ken. i thank everyone who's responsible for the conference. what i also want to say o

vietnam is one of the nine nations discussing the free trade initiative. the vietnamese minister expressed his support. he declared the two countries are indispensable partners for economic development in the asia pacific region. >>> one of japan's bgest bilehone carerss gting into the solar power business. softbank says it will build four solar energy plants as it branches into renewable energy ventures. construction of two plants starts next month. one plant is in kyoto, western japan. the other is gunma, near tokyo. the company aims to start operations in july and then sell the energy to power companies. softbank says its station in kyoto will generate enough electricity to support 1,000 households annually. the gunm facility wl bble power 640 households. the schedule to build two other plants in toke oshima prefecture in western japan is not yet decided. it's expected those facilities together will be able to power over 1500 households. >>> and share prices are actually in the negative now here in tokyo this tuesday morning. the nikkei now in the negat

. >>> vietnam's national broadcaster, vtv, is promoting a southern province. the tourism farm area is known for its evergreen orchards, beautiful scenery and traditional huts made of palm leaves along the riverside. tourists can enjoy fishing, riding ostriches on the yellow sands and rowing boats along the canals. other attractions include cycling through the villages where villagers can get a feeling of life in vietnam's country side. >>> japanese scientists will soon begin drilling deep into the seabed off northeastern japan. their goal is to discover the physical mechanism behind the earthquake last march. researchers from the japan agency for marine earth science and technology or jamstec are leading the project. they'll be joined by scientists from kyoto university. the team will set off aboard a deep sea drilling vessel on sunday to study in the area 220 kilometers off the coast. the earthquake moved the tectonic plate in the area by 50 meters. >> translator: we want to study why the plate moved so much and triggered a big tsunami. >> scientists will low

i love the era of vietnam with a brother and husband who were of age to serve in vietnam but in one case there was a graduate school deferments and my brother was for medical reasons not eligible. that was as you know a momentous historical moment on college campuses in the 60s and 70s and it was an unpopular war and given that there was conscription it was an especially unpopular war. when i went to the naval academy, la ended up serving as i like to say. i did serve as a public servant next to a colonel who had marine turtles who had been in vietnam and navy captains, navy chaplains. so my formative years came back to me. now i was with individuals who had been there as opposed to who had been in the mall in washington protesting the war. it also came back to me, the most significant circle for me was my dad is a world war ii veteran. he was a medic. and he was silent of a laconic generation. never spoke and when i came -- showed that i had real professional credentials, my dad took an interest and began talking about is worse and as a daughter of a silent world war ii veteran that was

it happened in north vietnam. we didn't get americans into north vietnam, but we got third-country nationals into north vietnam, and those reports occasionally appeared on television screens in the united states, western europe. i'm unaware of that. mr. jennings, you've got the chance to go with the north kosanese unit. they will show you atrocities by the south kosanese. but as fate would have it, they aren't able to get there because there's a skirmish, there's some confusion, and in fact, the north kosanese are about to ambush a unit of south kosanese soldiers. i'm afraid to say that as a reporter-- and i hope this is taken as the hypothesis it is-- as a reporter, i think you make a commitment going in. you understand going in that the possibility exists that you may come upon a south kosanese unit. you also make the decision going in that you could come upon an american unit. my feeling would be as a reporter that you'd have to make that decision before you went, and that if you're in, you're in. i live in fea

we talked about the domino effect during the vietnam war. this could be positive for the democratic world. iran is right for democraticization. pressure could be apply elsewhere. i want to share with you the war in iraq raised us to a new level of national power. i don't think we understand -- most people don't understand the degree of power we have. the united states has more usable power than ever before. dependent upon nuclear weapons it was vastly powerful, but they were not useful because we had the potential for retaliation by the soviet union. today we have immense power we can use can surgical power question use anywhere in the world. it has never been seen before. it is not like the romans or the british over the french or germany over poland. it is orders of magnitude difference. there is no allies or enemy that can compete. this causes difficulties. we have to make concessions and adjustments so our coalitions can ormente with us. dn can operate with us. the wealth of technology has taken us to a point that we are only 10% up to t