woodrow wilson. 100 years later, the press conference is a staple of covering the white house. this moment from 1964. cbs' dan rather and president nixon. >> we are going to make progress in the economic and political fields. mr. president -- thank you, mr. president. an rather with cbs news. mr. president -- mr. president -- >> are you running for something? [laughter] >> no, mr. president. are you? mr. president, i believe earlier -- >> from march 1974. joining us here at the table is cbs' bill plante. thank you very much for stopping by. you've been covering every president since ronald reagan and wissed -- witnessed a lot of these occasions where reporters try to get something from the president. how have these evolved over the years? >> as you referenced. it was almost accidental. wilson thought he was sort -- simply meeting the reporters one by one, but when 100 or more pushed into the oval office, he addressed them. and then there were more that couldn't make it that day, a week later he did it again in the east room. that became the form. the first 60 years or more, the

>> guest: well, one could argue it begins as early as the woodrow wilson administration because great britain issued of course it statements balfour declaration in 1917, which said his majesty's government will do whatever it can to provide a homeland for jews in palestine, provided did not validate the rights of the people already there, leading to decades of controversy and woodrow and backed it up a ration that was very, very important. then of course franklin roosevelt to the presidency in 1933, almost exactly coincide with adolf hitler's gaining control in germany. these two men, the democrat and tatar repealing it for another dozen years, first in conflict and then of course and bloody war in his early as the roosevelt administration, discussions began over the persecution of jews in germany. >> host: who is leading those in germany? >> guest: the leading person was an informal adviser and that was felix frankfurter, who roosevelt had no much earlier when he was assistant secretary of the navy and they reestablished a friendship on roosevelt ran for governor in 1928 in new york,

you mentioned woodrow wilson earlier in 1913. you also showed the death clock of $16 trillion. -- the debt clock of $16 trillion. this back-and-forth -- misdirection is the national debt. where does it come from? who do we owe? you see this whole thing about us going back and forth and keeping our eyes off of that. there is a great short video on youtube. it is entitled "conquering the spirit of the debt." it is about 45 minutes. it explains how this government gets its money from a private banking cartel called the federal reserve. the government just spends and spends and puts us in debt and then you've got people coming home from work and half of them plugging into msnbc or " post" the other half goes to fox news and yet they're talking points and in the morning, you turn on c-span and you have a republican line and a democrat line. they just repeat what they heard the night before. i am talking to all americans right now. wake of the heck of because the fact that we are going back and forth with each other is we're all gettin

host: scott bird has a new book out on woodrow wilson. he points out that woodrow wilson was the one that returned to capitol hill to deliver the state of the union address and even the lawmakers in his own party called it an arrogant speech and a maneuver. the essence of the story is that woodrow wilson traveled to capitol hill on a number of occasions to work through some of his budget and a legislative deals saying this president needs to do more of that. guest: i think the president could come to capitol hill more if he would like to or invite congressional leadership more often to the white house to hash of these things out and discuss where they could see eye to eye and where they could foresee a compromise. there has to be a point to these discussions. cannot be an endless series of negotiations that are not really negotiations. we saw that with the fiscal cliff deal. that is the best example i have. yes, ultimately republicans voted to raise taxes and the president did not get exactly what he wanted at the outset a bad deal. there

the following week, woodrow wilson had people come into the news room where he talk bd what this relationship was going to be with reporters, how he needed them. he wanted them to work in partnership with them. he said it would be off the record, and it would also be a transsubscribed session. so it was going to be a formal statement by him of his policies. so we have that transcript from that point forward. >> how did live, televised coverage of these news conferences, which began under president kennedy, change these events? >> it changed everything. first of all, it was a great novelty. kennedy was very good. he was adept at being clever about the questions, making the reporters laugh. and everybody loved it. as martha can tell you, calvin coolidge had -- how many was it? >> he had 530. >> talked to the president 531 times in four years. >> 521. excuse me. how many times has president obama had a solo news conference ? 29. that's a solo news conference. the white house will come back and say well he's had several hundred media appearances. meaning he has sat down with an individual reporte

president woodrow wilson was expecting to meet with some reporters. he was surprised when 125 of them walked in. his first official words were, "i did not realize there were so many of you." ike gets credit for the first televised news conference. there was no stopping them, of course, after that. >>> basketball is in the news starting with two presidents. first, a white house photo showing the current president tossing up a basketball to entertain a young visitor to the oval office. then there was bill clinton last night at the louisville game appearing to have the time of his life posing for pictures with the team in the locker room. then there was last night's debut of the notre dame uniforms made by adidas. they didn't go over well. one commentator called them the fighting highlighters. another said it looked like the tragic aftereffect of a shamrock shake. si.com went further -- called them the ugliest uniforms in sports history. another viewer said, i turned off my tv and i can still see the notre dame uniforms. >>> across the street from us her

are we now and scholar in her field of study she's received recognition for her research from the woodrow wilson foundation an actual endowment for the humanities and the john templeton foundation her new book the myth of persecution our early christians invented a story of martyrdom reveals the truth behind centuries of christian persecution stories is a must read for anyone who wants to understand the mindset of america's religious right and you're welcome thank you so much for having me thanks for joining us a couple of days ago bill o'reilly on fox news declared that there's a new war on religion let me just play this clip for you. the war in judeo christian tradition continues on in some public school districts in ten days it will be easter sunday but in some schools you are not allowed to say the word easter no easter they're having spring give that's moderated by a spring bunny at least in san diego i don't go for an easter or you know the war on christmas is now over because we're coming up to easter so you know it's important to have another new religious target from the liberals

he's a graduate of woodrow wilson high school and participated in team sports such as tennis and softball. he worked at merrill lynch 15 years where he developed his management skills and later left corporate life to pursue his calling in pastoral ministry. he leaves behind to cherish his memory his best friend and his loving wife tamara hall man jackson, his parents of washington, d.c., and ruth jackson, also affectionately known as polly. she's a leader right here in our own visitacion valley community. he left behind four brothers, brian, drew, james, and lorenzo and one brother-in-law, raphael who resides in hollywood, california. so, please join me in lifting up our dear friend and sister ruth jackson as she mourns the loss of one of her children. on another note, another sad note, i also want to lift up another mother of the bayview community that has lost her son. many of you know ms. espinola jackson. she recently lost her daughter to a battle of cancer. ms. yvonne jackson harris was born february 9, 1956. she attended san francisco public schools and in the fourth grade she had a

have been feuding over who has the bft claim on lincoln's legacy ever since thee door roozevilt and woodrow wilson battled about it. really 1912 bipartisan and multipartisan battle began. f.d.r., t.r., clinton, bush. it's extraordinary. and what they all believe lincoln shows them is the ability to succeed in a crisis. lincoln obviously faced the worst crisis in american history. and had a recalcitrant congress, which is not a new phenomenon and despite all of that imagined to steer us towards ending the union and slavery. model of success under pressure and success, unfortunately, that came at a great cost. >> harold holzer is a scholar and author of abraham lincoln ended slavery in america and if you want to get involved in a conversation the number 202-585-3880. democrats 202-585-3881. republicans 202-585-3882 for independents. you can also reach out and touch us via social media. harold, tell us regarding president lincoln, how would he handle in your opinion today's fights like sequestration and partisan battles going on between the different houses of congress and between congress and

conference in 1913 was an auspicious occasion for president woodrow wilson.e is asked a question from "the new york evening post," and he responded politely and in the fewest possible words. let us go down to her point about manipulating the public. it depends on your view of the public, but you believe the man -- whether you believe the public can be manipulated. he wrote those words would hundred years ago -- those words 100 years ago when society and academia believed that the public was easy to manipulate. it is no longer true if it ever was. there are too many sources of information. there is no one source. state fundhave is media, say north korea, then you're not going to believe everything you hear. in this country, certainly in modern times, there has been a plethora of voices and you did not have to rely on any one of them. that is a good thing. >> this conference is began with president woodrow wilson 100 years ago this month. they were televised. live press conferences began in 1961 with president john kennedy. thank you for waiting. jim is joining

she was a pulitzer fellow and followed by mickey edwards that is a lecturer at princeton university woodrow wilson school of public policy and international affairs. a republican member of commerce from oklahoma for 16 years and he was a member of the republican leadership and served on the budget and appropriations committees. he's taught in addition to teaching at princeton he's taught at harvard and georgetown, she shares various task forces for the constitution project at brookings for the council on foreign relations and was vice president and director of the aspen institute's public leadership program and his latest book, the party versus the people, how to turn republicans and democrats into americans would be published by university press the summer and i promise before you leave mckee will baptize all of you. [laughter] -- thank you. it is a great pleasure to be here with really for people with whom i have so much at our asian and i've quoted so many times and in so many stories. i have a little bit of news which is i found out the title of the next book coming out between tom and

vice-president of the woodrow wilson senior and a senior negotiator on palestinians. >> i'm grade great, jamie. how are you? >> jamie: we watched the trip and the meetings of the president and the new secretary of state, senator kerry, former senator kerry. what progress did we make? >> well, you know, my view is that obama went because he had a problem n. in the first administration, he couldn't figure out whether he wanted to pressure netanyahu or pannedder to him? now he has clearly made a decision to try to create a functional partnership. i think that's really important because as things stand now the, if barack obama doesn't want to be the guy on whose watch iran gets the nuclear weapon or the two-state solution expire, he is going to have to find a way to deal effectively and work cooperatively with the new government and with the prime minister. >> jamie: what about the secretary of state? >> you know, it's been my view from the very beginning that barack obama's the most controlling foreign policy president since richard nixon. hillary clinton was given very true truly cons que

joining me, aaron david miller, vice president of woodrow wilson international center for scholars and a former middle east advisor to democratic and republican secretaries state. here in new york, steven cook of the council on foreign relations. i'm pleased to have both of them back on this program. let me begin with you steven what's the hope of this trip? >> well, the hope is at least officially for the president to reset his relationship with the israeli leader and the israeli people. as you pointed out. there's been some difficulty in the relationship between the leaders. there's been rhetoric the way in which the president has approached the u.s. relationship with israel. of course beyond this rhetoric israeli leaders from the israeli ambassador to the united states to the now former minister of the defense ahead barack said this president and this administration has done more to insure israel's qualitative military edge, intel cooperation has strengthened. there's been a lot of good cooperation meeting the iranian challenge but on that public level there has been difficulty obvi

for the national security council in the obama administration and aaron david miller, fellow at the woodrowinternational center. welcome, both. first, tommy, why did it take so long for this president to get to israel? he had a lot on his plate there were enormous economic challenges to deal with back home. but not every president going to israel in his first term, george bush didn't. this is great opportunity for the president to sync up with prime minister netanyahu on iran, sir yarks the critical issues of the region where israel is in the eye of the storm. he can also speak directly to the israeli people, via a speech to a bunch of university students. >> aaron david miller, you were a middle east negotiator in a number of white houses and state departments, republican and democratic. what, how much syncing up with prime minister netanyahu do you think is going to take place, realistically? >> it's smart politics, it's smart policy, too. obama has got the most dysfunctional relationship with any israeli prime minister in the history of the u.s./israeli relationship. now benjamin netanya

and woodrow wilson was a professor of political science at that time, and it was before he became president of princeton and governor of new jersey and then president. and he wrote a book called "congressional government." and and he called the committees and the committee chairmen lord proprietors. so ironically, when he became president and t.r. was president and fdr was president, it was the president that was so powerful. so he got to rewrite his book, i guess, in his head at least. mr. mills was elected in 1938 to congress at the peak of presidential power. and he had so many interesting stories about president roosevelt. one was he went down to talk to roosevelt and, actually, roosevelt had asked his chairmen to come down. his father owned a bank, and he had done a lot of work there. and so president roosevelt was asking his chairman of this committee how his legislation was going to fare, and the chairman said, oh, it's going to pass, mr. president. and then he said, looked at mr. mills. he was trying to remember his name, and he said what do you think? and mr. mills said, oh, mr. pr

woodrow wilson is another one. the first president ever receive a major league professional team was in the johnson administration. the andrew johnson administration. 1867, the cincinnati red. basically as long as we have had professional sports have been politicians trying to exploit professional sports for their own means and gains. yet when athletes themselves have attempted to use professional sports to speak to issues they care about, when fans have attempted to do that and that is when the hammer really does come down which is why i wrote this book because i feel like since 2008 there has been a revolutionary change in the world louseworts, revolutionary changes in terms of the way politics have shaped the sports that so many of us care about, yet you would never know that by reading the traditional sports media. anything you read the sports media and it reminds me of the old reporters to use to be normal was called the race speech for the new york times and 1950's and they would go down and cover that so rig

friday is the 100th anniversary of the very first presidential news conference held by woodrow wilsonconference will be addressed by sarah palin. our contributor luke burbank admits to a certain kind of tv addiction that some of you out there may be familiar with. here's how he sees it. >> i have a confession to make. something i've never told anyone. not even my closest friends. i have a problem which i'm powerless to control. netflix. hbo go. you see i'm addicted to binge watching episodic television. now back in the 1980s and '90s, the good old days, as i call them, things were simple. safe. if you liked a show, you watched it. and then when it was over, it was over. and you went on with your life. but now everything has changed. tv shows are too good. they're like miniature films. >> we have intel about an imminent attack on u.s. soil >> reporter: working through an old season of homeland or madmen. when one episode ends there's always another one waiting for you. >> you smell so good. reporter: begging you to watch it. the sopranos, the wire, dexter. months, maybe years of my lif

woodrow wilson once wrote congress in session congress on public exhibition. that's what we are here. we're on public exhibition. tv's on, mr. speaker, people are watching us, people are seeing us. but what woodrow wilson said, while congress in committee rooms is congress at work. that's where we really do our work. we vote on it here, but committees are critically important creatures of oversight and of action. i think the gentlelady is a good member of this house and she's been gaven tough responsibility, she laments the fact that we have no money. we have no money because we said we didn't need it fwosme money because we can operate money without it. mr. speaker, i hear your gavel and i will close. but i urge my colleagues to vote against this resolution. let's make sure the congress of the united states can do the job the people expect. i yield back my time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman yield back, the entlelady from michigan. mrs. miller: i appreciate the gentleman's comments, i have great regard for him as well. i hearing him talking about the

he is now vice president and distinguished scholar at the woodrow wilson international center for scholarsgood morning. >> good morning, carol. >> we often hear things aren't good between netanyahu and president obama, but how strained are they? >> you know, with the exception of david and dwight eisenhower whose relationship it was probably more strained and tense, this has got to be the most dysfunctional relationship between an american president and an israeli prime minister probably in the history of the relationship. that's saying quite a lot because you've had a couple of pretty dysfunctional pairs. i think the president frankly is in israel because of the intersection of politics on one hand and policy on the other. you know, being good on israel helps him politically with republicans who continue to hammer the fact that somehow he's anti-israel. even among members of his own party, so i think he wants to clear that issue away to create a new relationship not only with netanyahu if he can but with the israeli public. and then there's some serious issues, not only syria, but the rea

back in world war i, woodrow wilson knew the country was having a hard time with finances.t a flock of sheep and turned it loose to take care of the white house lawn because it was cheaper than having gardeners do it. they sheared the wool, used the wool, and it genuinely worked. so all of the ideas pouring in there may seem silly in some cases but if you read through the list on this website, you see a lot of well intentioned ideas from thousands of government workers across the country who truly think that they as taxpayers would also like to see a more efficient government. >> we'd all like to see that if we possibly can and i know we can if they try really hard. up next one of her students died in a mass shooting and she worries deeply about her own children. a mother's emotional plea for tougher gun laws. >>> and south africa's legendary leader nelson mandela is in the hospital right now. president obama has just offered up a special message. we'll have details. >> in seasons to come they help people and so wherever she goes they follow. ♪ [ male announcer ] this is a

he received his degree from the woodrow wilson school public affairs and harvard law, most recently foreign affairs from the university of virginia. we are fortunate to have him and his expertise with us today. robert jazz knee, the professor in law and associate dean for academic affairs is with us. the professor specializes in a broad range of issues regarding military detention, the role the judiciary in national security affairs, and terrorism related prosecutions. he is a non-resident senior fellow of the brookings institution as well as a team member on the council of foreign relations. degreeed his bachelor's in political science and psychology from texas christian university and said it -- and graduated magna clout they -- magnum from loudoun -- magna cum laude. from the brookings project on law and security, we have the author of law and the long war, the future of justice in the age of terror." he is the editor of the 2009 brookings book, "legislating the war on terror." he is the editor-in-chief of the law affair blog, a non- ideological discussion of heart national security choi

from george washington university, a masters degree in public affairs from princeton university's woodrowwilson school public and international affairs, and a masters degree in political science from the university of massachusetts. or bachelors degree is from dartmouth college. dr. kates, you -- your educated self, please take the podium. [applause] >> thank you. good morning, everyone. we have been at kaiser family foundation analyzing and tracking the affordable care act for many different perspectives and hiv has been a core part of what we do. so to begin i just want to start off with this, because this was president obama on world aids day in 2011 getting a pretty historic speech about the possibility of ending the aids epidemic at some point in our lifetime. and for those of us have been working in hiv for very long time this was quite a moment and it's a moment of opportunity and optimism that i want to start with. the reason president obama made that statement and those of us working in the field are hopeful is that we have a combination now of new scientific advances with existi

and i said to several people after the event, well, great, that's a negotiation that woodrow wilson started in versailles in 1919, and we've done it. but to be honest, the americans and backers put in a provision, this is going to go back to it in 2017, and you can be sure that in 2017 a lot of people are going to try to pull the plug on what we thought we pulled off in 2010. so maybe that's an attractive a. but i don't think it's a race for giving up. you've got to have a long view on this stuff. and they think everybody who signed in 1919 instead. and i'm sure not too long those of us in 20 will be dead. and i will like to think that the little kids will now be doing the negotiation and taking that on. and that we have endured ourselves in the meantime. but look how much there are some and consequential questions, and i think those we can resolve often. taken to a, roll the dice, and governments understand that. they roll the dice. a settlement and they move on. some you can negotiate. think about continental shelves, for example. ultimately, come we've managed to resolve most of those by

bellinger received his bachelor's degree from the woodrow wilson school of public and international affairsprinceton university, his jd from harvard law and most recently a master's degree in foreign affairs from the university of virginia. we are fortunate to have him and his expertise with us today. our second witness today is professor robert chesney, the charles i. francis professor in law and associate dean for academic affairs at the university of texas school of law. professor chesney specializes in a broad range of issues regarding u.s. national security law such as military detention, the role of the judiciary in national security affairs and terrorism-represented professions. he is a nonresident senior fellow of the brookings institution as well as a team member of the council on foreign relations. previously, he served on president obama's detention policy task force. mr. chesney earned his bachelor's degree in political science and psychology from texas christian university and subsequently graduated magna cum laude from harvard law school. we welcome his experience and expertis

one of thing you will appreciate 100 years ago today that woodrow wilson gathered up 100 reporters andt formal white house press conference in 1913. you carry on that fine tradition. >> bill: but president obama is out of town today. >> the first question he took was from helen thomas. >> bill: congressman, "new york times" did an interview with speaker boehner yesterday. the headline is boehner stands firm on spending and taxes. he told them that there is no need to change their position from what it was last year in terms much the issues we talked about, no new revenue, cut social security, cut medicare medicaid and he said those ideas were not to blame for their losing the election. it was because mitt romney was a bad candidate. so a little sense of denial here, do you sense? >> well hasn't somebody told me the other day, the republicans say our problem is themental. their problem is they haven't gotten the message. they didn't get the message from the 2012 election. the reason romney was a bad candidate was because he took those positions. boehner is partially right. partially ton

"the new york times" had a very interesting story this sunday about how president woodrow wilson would come down to the president's room right off the senate and sit there three days a week with the door open. he got almost everything he proposed passed until he went over the heads of congress around the country about the league of nations and lost. or senator howard baker used to tell the story of how when senator everett dirksen, the republican leader, wouldn't go down to the white house and have a drink with president johnson in 1967, president johnson showed up with his beagles in the republican leader's office and said if you won't have a drink with me, i'm here to have a drink with you. i'm not here to advocate having drinks but i'm here to suggest when they disperiod into the back room together for 45 minutes that played a big role in the civil rights act in 1968 because it was written in everett dirksen's, republican leader office, down the hall at the request of the democratic president of the united states. and senator harkin, i don't think he'll mind me telling this story ab

and then after 1950, woodrow wilson invades haiti and stays for 19 years, kills thousands of people withamerican marines and takes the peasant leader of the revolt in haiti in response to this invasion and nails him up on a board for public display to demonstrate to people what the consequences could be when you fight back against america. and then, a chain of black presidents working at the direction of the united states duvalier's son kills 50,000 people and that was fine. aristide, the first democratically-elected resident said we are responsible for the coup that took him out of office. the bush administration did it directly. not covered in the american press. the american press said that he fled to south africa, when he was taken to the central republic. we had to go there to rescue him and jamaica braved the american storm to keep them there until he could go to south africa. we were responsible for that overthrow of the democratic government in haiti. and the haitians we owe so much, because the haitian revolution first of all made possible the louisiana purchase because napoleon

this includes policy from the george washington university and a master's degree from the woodrow wilson school of public and international affairs. and a master's degree in political science from the university of massachusetts. the doctor's degree is from dartmouth college. doctor, you are invited to take the podium. [applause] >> thank you. i first want to thank the senator for making progress and including me in this important work that they are doing and making that link between looking at lgbt health and hiv and a portal to act. we started off with president obama giving a historic speech speech in 2011 at ending the aids epidemic at some point in our lifetime. this was quite a moment. the moment of opportunity and optimism that i want to start with. the reason the president obama made that statement is because we have a combination that together is something that could turn the tide on epidemics. we also have a national strategy that the white house about a couple of years ago and provides a roadmap. more than a million people are living with hiv in the united states. for the last

really, probably for over a hundred years, starting with sort of the woodrow wilson sort of grab for presidential power, presidents have been getting more and more powerful for over a hundred years, republican and democrat. there was at one point in time in our history a pride among the senate and a pride among the congress that said these are our powers and we're not giving them up. there were people on both sides of the aisle who would stand firm and say this is not a power i'm willing to relinquish. this is not something that is good for the country. and by relinquishing the power of congress, we relinquish something very fundamental to our republic, which is the checks and balances that we should have checks to help and try to prevent one body or one part of the three parts of government from obtaining too much power. and so there was a time when we have tried to keep that power. unfortunately, the bipartisanship that we have now, which many in the media fail to understand. they see us not getting along on taxes and on spending, but they fail to understand that on something very

the director and president and ceo of the woodrow wilson international center for scholars, jane harmannny, a big show saturday night. some shows just feel big. >> i was watching and it was unfolding. i was like, whoa, where is this coming from? where was the holiday? i think justin timberlake is becoming this generation "snl" guy. the guy such a monster talent. you saw i think probably the greatest mail entertale entertar generation. >> justin timberlake? and great to see the old guys back. >> what do you mean the old guys? >> the original guys i'm saying. >> halpern, did you see the show on saturday night? >> i time shifted it. i agree, justin timberlake such incredible energy to it and you wonder why we can't have that level of performance every week upstairs, right? >> oh, my! >> not everybody is timberlake, i guess. we got some pretty serious news off the top. >>> in afghanistan, things not getting easier for the u.s. relationship there after the country's president hamid karzai accused the american government of colluding the taliban. speaking early yesterday president karzai said

in washington former representative of california and ceo of the woodrow international senator for scholarsjane harman. good to have you both and all of us together this morning. >>> right to the news. we had the two-year-old conflict in syria is entering a critical stage. both the rsyrian state news agency reports 25 people were killed yesterday. american officials say they are looking into the allegations and white house press secretary jay carney issued a warning to the assad regime. >> we have no evidence to substantiate the charge that the opposition has used chemical weapons. we are deeply skeptical of a regime has lost all credibility and warn the regime against making these kind of charges as any kind of pretext or cover for its use of chemical weapons. >> neither side of the conflict has provided documentation that chemical agents have been used. senator lindsey graham spoke about the allegations telling foreign policy that quote this. we need to come up with a plan to secure these weapons sites either in conjunction with our partners or, if nothing else, by ourselves. if the choic

something that people will regret, said harmon, who resigned from the house in february and now heads the woodrow wilson international center for scholars, a washington think-tank. the point is really that it isn't so much the technology. i'm not opposed to drones being used even domestically. it's really about the individual freedom. it's about the process. it's about how they're used. so, for example, just like in national defense, if you're robbing a liquor store and it's safer to get you down with a drone, that's fine. if you're armed and robbing and threatening people in the liquor store and people as you come out with a weapon, i don't mind if you get shot with a drone or a rifle from a policeman. it is what it is. as one of my friends who is a physician said when people would come in wounded from robbing someone, he -- he liked to say, well, i guess that's an occupational hazard if you break into homes. but the thing is, is it really isn't the -- the force that we're talking about. it's whether or not the process is right. so you can use lethal force when -- when lethal force is threatened