the most decayed president is woodrow wilson. pretty much looked like he's got leprosy, and the question always comes up is there a rhyme or a reason as to why these guys are decaying at a faster rate than the remaining, and i just don't understand or know if there is any reason behind it. perhaps he's in a wind pattern or rain pattern that makes him susceptible to cracking, i just don't know, but what i do know is if you come look pretty closely at this present who was one of eight virginia native presidents born and raised in stanton, look in his -- his right eyeball. that is a wasp's nest which is not uncommon. often you'll see them in the nostrils of the sculptors as well. a few of them are starting to miss some parts. lyndon johnson is starting to lose the end of his nose. the ronald reagan was one of them that was struck by lightning a few years back, but he's been successively cleaned up since, and probably the most difficult of all of the presidents to identify is back here behind president reagan. no one has ever gotten

wells had more than one encounter with woodrow wilson. she actually visited him in the white house in 1913 to -- she and william trotter made the request that he stop segregating the federal government, so, for a school that is named of him to -- after him to be changed to her name is just really i think a wonderful thing. >> so, just talk to people more about woodrow wilson. one over the most racist presidents we ever head. talk to him about his view towards segregation and black people in general. >> the situation with the soldiers in 1917 happened under woodrow wilson's term. so to me that says a lot; that these soldiers that were to fight for freedom and democracy overseas were killed by their own government. and also, "birth of a nation" one of the most racist films ever made was screened at woodrow wilson's white house. so those are two examples that give a window into his mentality. >> so it's just wonderful that the school is now going to be known as ida b. wells high school, and getting his name off. michelle duster, we're about

so the most decayed president, is woodrow wilson. pretty much looks like he has leprosy. the question always comes up, is there a reason why these guys, we are decaying at a faster rate, than the remaining ones. and i do not understand or know if there's any reason behind it. perhaps, he is in a wind pattern or rain pattern, that makes him more susceptible. i don't know. but what i do know, if you look pretty closely, at this president, who was a virginian native president. look at his right eyeball. that is a wasps nest. and often you will see them in the nostrils of the sculptures as well. so a few of them are starting to miss some parts, lyndon johnson is starting to lose the end of his nose. ronald reagan, was one of them that was struck by lightning a few years back. but he has successively been cleaned up since. and probably the most difficult, of all of the presidents to identify, is back here behind president reagan. and no one has ever gotten this right. and i had to really study him hard to figure out who it was. and that is warren harding. behind him, is john a

first female director president and ceo has performed magnificently policy development at the woodrow wilson policy center are so grateful she could take her time today to join us to speak about global collaboration and america's leadership as we move forward in the 21st century. thank you so much for being with me here today. >> delighted. >> i would like to do because her time is limited if comments you can make them at the beginning. >> the times were naturally very difficult and in foreign alliances and then that isolation is all but impossible for us today and how we find that right balance between taking care of america's interest. >> if i may free to be invited to dissipate saluting the leadership of george washington the first president to understood how to lead the presidency and leave the presidency very important. with your leadership political terms and congress and as a commander in the think tank world and john allen i will not let you cut this out of the interview. you and kathy are cherished friends of mine. i'm happy to be here. on this issue of how we balance international

given the fact that andrew johnson and woodrow wilson both dropped inpe the polls in the recent years. >> i'm glad you brought up woodrow wilson it was one of the mostti disastrous presidential terms in history. he took us into the war and had no idea what he was doing. he thought that it would be safe for democracy and made europe's saver for the degradation of germany afterhe the war they got into the war by manipulating the policy regarding neutrality in a way that i thought was rather nefarious. civil liberties were pretty much trampled upon during the war and he didn't seem t to care about that at all. the economy went into a terrible recession at the end of his second term. >> and andreww jackson's trail f tears. >> both of those things have had an impact in the error which statues are coming down for reasons of people applying today's standards to a different era. butil yes, woodrow wilson was i think really is fair to say as overt a racist as we had in the white house and so in terms of jackson. they would establish themselves in those territories and it was a horrendous thing

woodrow wilson high school in portland is being renamed for ida b wells. talk to us about that. i had no idea. >> our family was informed about that. i think that is poetic justice. she had more than one encounter with woodrow wilson and visited at the white house in 1913 and they requested he stop segregating the federal government. for a school changed to her name is just really i think a wonderful thing. >> talk to people a little bit more about woodrow wilson. he's one of the most racist presidents we've ever had. so talk a little bit more about him and his attitude about segregation and black people in general. .. >> it's wonderful that school will now be known as ida b wells high school. we are at the end of our conversation. loved meeting you. and all the folks watching who have met you in this fashion. you are doing a service for every one of the writing that you do. what would your great-grandmother say to those of us young and old of all races as we celebrate black history month in 2021? >> she would say we all deserve that the country has to offer with life and libert

>> guest: i'm glad you brought up woodrow wilson. i'm a great detractor of his. he was ranked very highly. i think his second term is one of the most disastrous presidential terms in our history. he took us into the war in europe and had no idea what he was doing and thought he was going to make the world safe for democracy and made europe safe for the degradation of germany after the war. we tilted the war in that favor. got into the war by manipulating our policy regarding neutrality. and in way that was i thought rather nefarious. and civil liberties were pretty much really trampled upon during the war and he didn't seem to care about that at all. the economy went interest a terrible -- into a terrible recession tend of his second term. so, yeah, every time he drops a notch i applaud a little bit. >> host: and his attitude toward african-americans as well, right, and andrew jackson's trail of tears during his term? >> guest: -- [inaudible] -- the both of those things have had impact significantly, and this is an era in which statues are coming down for reasons

the second one was about the woodrow wilson center name. and i agree with you that they shouldn't change the name but you said, after that, that, well, you believe history should be what it is. do you feel that way about the military base names after confederate generals? >> host: thank you, susan. >> guest: on the question of the military base name is don't have any objection to the head of steam, feeling that has emerge teed change the names. they were put in there much long after the civil war for other purposes. so i would stand on that particularly. i think an -- more interesting question is erasing john c. calhoun at yale. john c. calhoun was a very significant person in hour our history so i'm a little less comfortable with that. on the other question, i just -- i'm going to choose not tone game in that. i accept your points and i appreciate them. >> host: brandon in larkspur, california, go ahead with your question or comment? >> caller: good morning. i have three questions and make them very brief. one of the things that bothers me

now from the very beginning, woodrow wilson has some concerns here.f you don't understand how we go a little nuts in world war i, you don't understand how easy it was for us to slide into the red scare now wilson is concerned, the largest ethnic group in the united states, at the end of the war in 1917 are german americans. and in the first speech he gives to congress, asking for a declaration of war, he makes it clear, that the government will not tolerate any disloyalty and while he is pointing here, at the germans it will be repressed with stern us he's thinking about labor radicals as well. so it's interesting, that within a week the united states declaration of war, one of the first things the government does, is establish the committee on public information. the united states first propaganda ministry. wilson turns to george creole he is a kansas city journalist with a little bit of experience in advertising. and he has a book called how you advertised the war and he understands right off the bat, that in this type of mass total war, you have to

from the very beginning, woodrow wilson has concerns. if you do not understand how we go a little nuts in world war i, you do not understand how easy it was for us to slide into the red scare. wilson is concerned. the largest group in the united states will be entered the war in the unite states are german-americans. in the first speech he gives to congress after the decoration of war, the -- the declaration of war, he makes it clear the government will not tolerate any disloyalty. while he is pointing here at the germans, saying, if this disloyalty comes up, it will be repressed with sternness. he is also thinking about labor radicals. it is interesting, that within a week of the u.s. declaration of war, one of the first things the government does is establish the committee on public information, the u.s.'s first propaganda ministry. a kansas city muckraker with a little experience in advertising writes a book called how we advertise the war. he understands why right off the bat that on this type of mass total war, you have to mobilize

i mean woodrow wilson once again in 1917 prior to entering world war. i that speeches is is certainly a ceremonial speech. it's about principles. it's all so borders on being a persuasive speech because he knows i think at this point in time what's coming and he decides to use that inaugural address to remind americans about the principles of democracy and why they're so important to defend great. well colleen, thank you so much for your presentation today. i learned a lot. i'm sure our audience learned a lot and thank you again for sharing your knowledge on presidential inaugural addresses with us. you know, it's a very interesting thing. first of all, it seems so many years ago when this took place but as right after the president reagan had been elected there had been a something occurred which wasn't predicted to happen. which was he appointed james baker to be the chief of staff ed. meese was expected to become the chief is staff that didn't happen. but ed was put in charge of the overall transition effort and and jim baker was put in charge of the

i mean woodrow wilson once again in 1917 prior to entering world war. i that speeches is is certainly a ceremonial speech. it's about principles. it's all so borders on being a persuasive speech because he knows i think at this point in time what's coming and he decides to use that inaugural address to remind americans about the principles of democracy and why they're so important to defend great. well colleen, thank you so much for your presentation today. i learned a lot. i'm sure our audience learned a lot and thank you again for sharing your knowledge on presidential inaugural addresses with us. thank you. you know, it's a very interesting thing. first of all, it seems so many years ago when this took place but as right after the

from the very beginning, woodrow wilson has some concerns here. if you don't understand how we go a little nuts in world war i, you don't understand how easy it was for us to slide into the red scare. now, wilson is concerned. the largest ethnic group in the united states when we enter world war i in april, 1917, are german americans. in the first speech he gives to congress asking for a declaration of war, he makes it clear that the government will not tolerate any disloyalty. while he is pointing here at the germans and saying, if this disloyalty comes up, it will be repressed with sternness. he is also thinking about labor radicals. it is interesting that within a week of the united states declaration of war, one of the first things the government does is establishes the committee on public information. the united states first propaganda ministry. wilson turns to george creole. creole is a muckraking, kansas city journalist. with a little bit of experience in advertising. in fact, he will write his book called how he advertised the -- how we ad

but yes woodrow wilson was it's fair to say he was as overt a racist as we have in the white house andin terms of jackson he definitely favorite indian removal in those days indian tribes westward so the white settlers could establish themselves and it was horrendous but jackson was not an indian racist actually he adopted a young indian boy who found himself without a family and raise them. it's a rather complex question to regard to jackson. >> sitting on the princeton university board would you have voted to remove his name from the international relations? >> no. i know these things would happen looking at the political figures in history over time, but i am inclined to look at our heritage, good and bad to be regarded as all how we got here. and those passions are not something. >> thank you for joining us in depth this is the monthly program with one author his or her book this month author presidential biographer and longtime ceo of cqit robert merry author of the five books taking on the role 1996 american foreign policy and the hazards of global ambition coming out in 2005 a c

>> i'm glad you brought up woodrow wilson i'm a great detractor. he was ranked very highly. the second term was one of the most disastrous presidential terms in history. he took us into the war in europe and had no idea what he washt doing and that he would make the world safe for democracy and made europe safe for the segregation of germany after the war and tilted the war in that favor and got into the war by manipulating the policy regarding neutrality and in a way that i thought was rather nefarious. and civil liberties were trampled upon during that war he didn't seem to care about that and the economy went into a terrible recession at the end of his second term. every time he drops a notch i applied a little bit. >> and his attitude toward african-americans as well and jackson's trailai of tears? >> yes. both of those have had impacts significantly and this is why the statues are coming down for reasons that people apply today's standards to a different era. but yes, woodrow wilson would be fair to say that he was as overt a racist as we have had in the white house. in

woodrow wilson won labor support by agreeing to improve safety in the workplace.13, the department of labour was established. pressure for change was often finally affected only after a major tragedy. after 361 people died from a mine disaster in 1907, the bureau of mines was set up to supervise mine safety. gradually, industry began to regulate itself and what is known as the voluntary safety movement. the national safety council, founded in 1913, set voluntary guidelines for safety engineering and better working practices. companies put guards around dangerous machinery, set up first aid stations, and began safety classes. but safety education stressed that most accidents were the workers own fault. when this film made by the notional association of manufacturers in 1911 was one of many that singled out workers carelessness as the cause of disaster. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> but many terrible tragedies were not caused by workers carelessness. the same year that you film was made, a fire burns a shirt factory in new york. because many of the exits were locked, 146 people, mostly

princeton has renamed the woodrow wilson school and now we are the princeton school. obviously, this is waiting for a donor. anyway, lovely to be here. the thing is striking about the u.s., it is not the only country in the world that has elections. it is the only country that has something like the electoral college. so i am not what you talk about that so much, because i want to say that every time the u.s. runs an election, it has international election observers that check out our election procedures and they assessed us according to international standards. none of these reports mentioned the electoral college except to say that is how we do things. these international reports focus on a lot of understand -- a lot of other standards i want -- lot of other standards i want to focus on just so we realize american elections don't end up at the top of the pack internationally. international observers talk about how we have a partisan election machinery. very few democracies in good standing turnover elections to people elected on partisan tickets. that came up this y

woodrow wilson and george h. w. bush at 2%. all other presidents, 9%.n the yougov and economist p oll. a lot of reaction on social media. you can text us as well. this one says ulysses s grant deserves a position near the top. he was a military strategist who sought to reform the south. unfortunately, his administration was riddled with corruption. james on facebook, the best is andrew jackson for killing the central bank. the worst would be woodrow wilson for creating the federal reserve currency backed by debt with the american taxpayer pledged as collateral. on twitter, tied for best, obama and clinton. if not for his impeachment, clinton would be best. he could have gotten more done if not for his messing around. a text from georgia, my pick for best is john f. kennedy and the worst by far is donald trump. i believe history will reflect the same. in phoenix, this is brian on the independent line. caller: i think john kennedy would have been the best president before he got assassinated. donald trump, i actually voted for this guy in 2016, did not in

he is more leftist than woodrow wilson, and woodrow wilson was the racist democrat who wanted one worldernment. that is where joe biden -- she has gone left of himself, left of obama. when you think of pushing surgeries -- transgender operations on 10-year-olds, when the biological boys can compete with the girls and destroyed women scholarships in america, they have gone off the reservation. it is kind of nuts. it is crazy. >> congressman heights, what you think about this? >> that is a great reality we have to face up to is that when the radical, extremist left-wing takes god out, you get this kind of stuff and that is what we have as well. you have moral bankruptcy as an individual and as a country when you take god out of the equation and we have that. we have joe biden running around trying to convince people that he is a moderate. here is the dirty secret in washington. it is that actions speak louder than words, and when you look at the people that joe biden is surrounding himself with, the extreme radical left-wing ideology that is surrounding himself with and that legislation t

woodrow wilson and george h. w. bush at 2%. all other presidents, 9%.n the yougov and economist p oll. a lot of reaction on social media. you can text us as well. this one says ulysses s grant deserves a position near the top. he was a military strategist who sought to reform the south. unfortunately, his administration was riddled with corruption. james on facebook, the best is andrew jackson for killing the central bank. the worst would be woodrow wilson for creating the federal reserve currency backed by debt with the american taxpayer pledged as collateral. on twitter, tied for best, obama and clinton. if not for his impeachment, clinton would be best. he could have gotten more done if not for his messing around. a text from georgia, my pick for best is john f. kennedy and the worst by far is donald trump. i believe history will reflect the same. in phoenix, this is brian on the independent line. caller: i think john kennedy would have been the best president before he got assassinated. donald trump, i actually voted for this guy in 2016, did not in

he was running for a third term, a race he would lose to woodrow wilson. shot him on october 14, 1912. he was against three-term presidents and insane. when they caught him, he had a letter on him, describing a dream. in it, william mckinley's ghost told him to avenge his death by killing roosevelt. amazingly, the former president's eyeglass case slowed the bullet down. he lived with the slug in his chest for the rest of his life and even went on with the speech. these presidents faced deadly attacks without creating the toxic atmosphere that donald trump created. who's to say what's to come in had this atmosphere? now let me be clear, the threat from supremacists and far-right extremists is the top threat right now. that is why the biden administration is focussed on studying and stopping it. the current threats are much more dangerous from the far right than the far left. i'm not saying the danger's everywhere nor is it evenly distributed. but when it comes from presidents, it does not come from where we expect it, because we never know where to expect i

he was a scholar for harvard, woodrow wilson international center for scholars. in 2007 he was inducted into the american academy of arts and sciences. a warm welcome for professor martin j. sherwin. [applause] >> is it working? good. thank you. i'm of the road that introduction. i hope you liked it. my father did not get a chance to edit it. i am really glad to be here to . i think it's the kind of subject that needs to be reviewed again and again, because unfortunately the nuclear issue is still with us. and it looks like it's going to be with us for very long time. i had a chance to chat with a few of you and i know that at least those i started with have a particular interest and broad aspects of the manhattan project. this top i'm going to give, however, focuses on this as the subtitle said, visions of the nuclear future, that is the focus is on the people who were thinking about went nuclear weapons would do not only for people like oppenheimer, general groves. hunts beta. many, many other participants in the project. i would like to suggest to you that if

i mean woodrow wilson once again in 1917 prior to entering world war. i that speeches is is certainly a ceremonial speech. it's about principles. it's all so borders on being a persuasive speech because he knows i think at this point in time what's coming and he decides to use that inaugural address to remind americans about the principles of democracy and why they're so important to defend great. well colleen, thank you so much for your presentation today. i learned a lot. i'm sure our audience learned a lot and thank you again for sharing your knowledge on presidential inaugural addresses with us. thank you. you know, it's a very interesting thing. first of all, it seems so many years ago when this took place but as right after the president reagan had been elected there had been a something occurred which wasn't predicted to happen. which was he appointed james baker to be the chief of staff ed. meese was expected to become the chief is staff that didn't happen. but ed was put in charge of the overall transition effort and and jim baker was put in ch

will always be -- his name will always be attached to the pandemic in a way, for example, that woodrow wilson'sd to the spanish flu a century ago. his name will also be remembered because he is the only president, and i hope forever, but certainly thus far, to have been impeached twice. and the second, the third sentence we haven't written yet, and that third sentence is about the consequences of what he calls his beautiful moment, or what -- movement, about you what others called trumpism. the condemnation of mitch mcconnell last night was unprecedented. that was the first time that the leader of the president's party in the senate had attacked a president after a senate trial. that's never happened before in that way, which means that there is a struggle within the republican party for the soul. donald trump's allies in congress protected him throughout his time in office and in these weeks since leaving office. that protection of a man that the leader of the republican caucus and the senate has blamed for an insurrection. that protection is a problem for america. that's why we have a politic

anybody that followed the history of the made war period, the republicans after versailles in 1919, woodrow wilsoncame back and henry cabot lodge and other isolationist years to follow wilson's efforts to get the united states involved in the league of nations so they retreated back into this fortress of the mentality which of course allowed adolf hitler to build its strength and of course we know since 1939 world war ii began and we know the consequences of that so one of the reasons i go into such detail of the efforts to compromise it's because he showed how to do it the wisemen as isaacson and the secretary of state of course he was in organizer and world war ii, dean atchison was the under secretary of state probably the most capable diplomat in washington, d.c. at the time and george can add had written the telegram that was the first designed on europe and also the need for the united states to engage in the containment policy. he knew the soviet union as well or better than anyone. it also allowed him to move and it was a revolution in the foreign policy that allowed him to do that. >> i w

and even after that, was woodrow wilson that did something. julia, his wife, played a major role.he helped fix up the white house. the white house was a big problem ... with grant and lincoln ... lincoln's funeral. one of my favorite things is, the fact that he got a speeding ticket. grant got a speeding ticket, he got stopped by policemen in d.c.. he said you're going to fast general, but since year the president, we'll let you go. he said i'm paying, i was in the wrong and i should pay. he was released by the sharp, literally. fleeced by somebody. yellowstone national park, he signed the first of the national parks. that this country has had. i think, to, the courageous death he had. we did not talk about that, it was awful. you read some of these things, it literally brings tears to your eyes with that man suffered. i think, the big thing is that grant is the most important figure. once lincoln was gone, grant is the most important figure in american history, and the late 19th century. but, it's also a fact that sherman loved the theater. he would go to the theater, and he woul

and even after that, woodrow wilson did something. julia, his wife played a major role. she helped fix up the white house, because the white house was in big problems at that point. they were having problems with lincoln's funeral. one of my favorite things is the fact that he got a speeding ticket. grant got a speeding ticket. he got stopped by a policeman in washington, d.c.. and he said you're going too fast in your carriage general, but since you the president, will have to. go he said no no, i'll pay it, i did it wrong, so i should pay it. he was fleeced by the sharpie, fleeced by some. and yellowstone national park, he signed the first of the national parks that this country has had. i think as well the courageous death that he had, but we didn't talk much of a. it was awful. you read some of these things, it literally brings tears to your eyes with that man suffered. i think the big thing is that grant is the most important figure. once lincoln is, god grant is the most important figure in american history in the late 19th century. but, it's also a fact that sherm

the republicans, for anybody who follows the history of the war. , the republicans, after 1919, woodrow wilsonback and tried to get the u.s. involved in the league of nations. he had contentious negotiations with the republican senate and other isolationists to follow wilson's efforts to get the u.s. involved in the league of nations so they retreated, the country retreated back into this fortress america mentality which allowed adolph hitler to build strength and of course we know september 1, 1939 world war ii began and we all know the consequences of that so truman, and i think it's one of the reasons i go into great detail in the legislative effort, the efforts of compromise is because he showed how to do it. he also shows how to do it by surrounding himself with the best and brightest of his time. the wiseman walter isaacson and thomas called him. of course general marshall organized allies victory world war ii, the undersecretary of state, probably the most capable diplomat in washington d.c. you had george kennan who had written the famous long telegram that was the first of one of stal

former congresswoman jane harmon, now president and ceo of the woodrow wilson center. robby who is the editor-in-chief of foreign policy, and yamiche, an msnbc analyst. so let me start with the big picture if i can. what the message is from the new president. a clear acknowledgement of the hill that has to be climbed, saying things like, reclaiming our credibility and moral authority. much of which has been lost. sending a direct message to state department staffers, and just overall, talking about the importance of diplomacy. what is your big picture take away? what does the president want the takeaway to be? >> the big picture takeaway, the one that i think biden really is trying to hammer home here, is that america is back, diplomacy is back, this idea that we'll treat our allies as allies. we'll go after multilateral agreements. we'll make sure that we are being responsible with the role that the united states plays in the world including on climate but also on welcoming refugees where we heard him say that he will be increasing the refugee cap. president trump had

he favored votes for women long before that liberal icon woodrow wilson finally got around to -- to supporting it, and he was, for his time and place, and you must always keep that in mind, he was for his time and place incredibly enlightened on questions of race and equality. he had lived the american dream. he have risen from abject poverty to incredible wealth. he had been fawned over by kings and kwoens, presidents and captains of industry, and at the time of his death he was the living symbol what have it meant to be an american. the president theodore roosevelt described him thusly, an american of americans. he embodied those traits of courage, strength and self-reliant, heartihood which are vital to the well-being of our nation. he was like the nation he came to symbolize though, a bundle of contradictions, is paradox has been the used. contradictions works as well. he was a hunter who became a conservationist. he was a friend to the indian who was famous as an indian fighter help. what is a rugged frontier scout best remembered as a sequinned showman who could have stopped off the stag

woodrow wilson is the only chief executive buried in our nation's capitol.ible. a pattern i've noticed, some of our least impactful presidents have the most impressive resting places. chester alan arthur's resting place is so elegant. i visited marion, ohio, back in 2012. when president harding died, the scandals that would define his presidency hadn't yet come to light. he was still a popular guy. hence the size of this monument. our first year presidents have some pretty spac cler monuments. here i am with my parents at the base of the washington monument. when i visit any of these sites, i try to imagine the times in which that president lived. what did people back that care about? how did that president reflect their values? the president isn't just an executive. he, and one day she, is a symbol of the american people. by the way, if you're looking to visit a former president and get your steps in, might i suggest the memorial to william mckinley. 108 steps, rocky balboa couuld have traineded there. ♪ ♪ gonnana fly y now ♪ cecertain cancncers. one of tho

suffering was excuse me was stumping the state on behalf of suffrage, but also on behalf of woodrow wilson's presidency. and so this allowed them opportunities to rendezvous away from portland. so they really loved the experience of being politically active. and of course, they were both delighted that both suffrage and wilson won at the end of 1912, but more importantly for what i'm trying to say today. is that this helped sarah grow in confidence about her abilities not only as a speaker and an art and advocate of suffrage but also in her determination to take more control of her life and to leave her marriage, so by the end of 1912, she she has confessed her husband while she's outside. be sure to write some a letter about this affair by the end of them of the year. she goes down to california. she begins to divorce process which takes a while at the cost of losing custody of her children, but she also helped that these moves would move erskine and that he would come down and join her but he resisted so she turns again to suffrage movement as solace and as something to do with her life an

a democratic terrorist organization that ended at the end of 1880s but brought back again by woodrow wilsonin 1915 and by the way, the lynching you're talking about, 4700 people died at the hands of mobs and 1300 of those were whites, italians and catholics because you're looking at people that were just angry, evil people that hated anyone different from them. it's important to keep that in mind. if you want to talk about reparations this is more specifically in terms of the people that did it. it was not americans. americans fought against that and that is why we ended up winning and defeating slavery because so many americans decided to finish up. i wanted to make that point and mr. elder, i have a question for last year prior to the pandemic we helped all americans, most notably american indians and cnbc in 2019 set american on up limit had the lowest ever in the history of our country. in 2010 of 16.6%. how did that happen? is that in your understanding with those particular numbers? >> it happens because taxes got lower and regulations got eased in the economy took off and when the ec

democratic terrorist organization that ended in the end of the 1980s and brought back again by woodrow wilsonand the lynching we are talking about people died at the hands of mobs. there were white satiety catholics and the people there were just angry evil people who hated anyone different from them. simpler to keep in mind if you want to talk about reparations more specifically in terms of the people that actually did it americans fought against that and that's ways we ended up beating slavery. so i wanted to make that point and i have a question. last year prior to t the pandemc the economy -- in fact cnbc in 2019 said african-american unemployment was the lowest ever in the history of our country from a peak in 2010 of 15.6%. first of all how did that happen and is set in your understanding correct? >> that's right. it happened because texas had lower -- when the t economy taks off those who are unskilled and proved just as happened during the reagan a mystery shimberg or in the reagan a mystery jim black unemployment fell and hispanic unemployment fell faster than white employment fell i