before march there had not been a recorded earthquake in youngstown, ohio.ce then, there have been 11. never felt an earthquake before, and it was just an experience. >> reporter: so ohio state officials asked armbruster to investigate. >> these earthquakes were sitting there waiting to happen. we have triggered these earthquakes. >> reporter: armbruster believes the trigger was this youngstown well that disposes of contaminated water, trucked in from pennsylvania and beyond. the water is a byproduct of oil and natural gas extracts called cracking, the disposal well pumps thousands of gallons of the waste into rock a mile or more below. armbruster says the fluid may have made its way into an earthquake fault line. >> pumping the fluid into the fault encourages the fault to slip. >> reporter: arm brulser says seismic readings allowed tom pinpoint the epicenter of the quake near the youngstown well. >> that was about a kilometer from the bottom of the disposal well. >> reporter: but drilling companies and some scientists are skeptical. 177 similar wells in ohi

before march, there had not been a recorded earthquake in youngstown, ohio. since then, there have been 11. so ohio state officials asked armbruster to investigate. >> these earthquakes were sitting there waiting to happen. we have triggered these earthquakes. >> reporter: armbruster believes the trigger was this youngstown well contained contaminated water trucked in from pennsylvania and beyond. the water is a by-product of oil and natural gas extraction called fracking. the disposal well pumps thousands of the gallons of waste of rock into a mile or more below. armbruster said it may have made its way into an earthquake fault line. >> pumping the fluid into the fault, encourages the fault. >> reporter: drilling companies and some scientists are skeptical. 177 similar wells in ohio have operated without incident. the technique has been used since the 1930s and more than a hundred thousand wells across the nation. tom stewart is with the ohio oil and gas association. >> it has happened with regularity and regulatory excellence and the best way to take care o

. >> reporter: armbrucester believes it was this youngstown well trucked in from pennsylvania and beyond. the water is a by-product of oil and natural gas extraction called fracking. the disposal well pumps thousands of the gallons of waste of rock into a mile or more below. armbrucester said it may have made its way into a fault line. >> pumping the fluid into the fault, encourages the fault. >> reporter: 1 77 similar wells in ohio have operated without incident. the technique has been used since the 1930s and more than a hundred thousand wells across the nation. tom stewart is with the ohio oil and gas association. >> it has happened with regular . >> reporter: clusters of small earthquakes near wells in oklahoma, t and arkansas have also grown scrutiny. >> first of all, the location of the earthquakes is quite close to the wells. secondly, the timing of the waste water injection also coincides with the earthquakes. >> reporter: as for ohio, officials have shut down the youngstown well, until they can be certain of the risks. michelle miller, cbs news, new york. >>> straight ahead, you

. >>> 11 minor earthquakes in the area of youngstown, ohio, may have been caused by an injection well which is used to dispose of waste water from oil and gas drilling. john armbus says injection wells like this one in youngstown have been suspected in quakes in arkansas, colorado and oklahoma as well. waste water from oil drilling separations often dispose in the wells. it could take a full year for the waste water related rumbling to stop. >>> our time is now 4:37. at 4:41, the new number one export of the united states may come as a shock to many of you. >> chicken coops coming to a backyard near you. coming up at about 4:48, you'll never guess which county that will happen in. we'll let you know. >> we're back in two minutes with your weather first and traffic. you're watching 9news now. >>> it is 4:39 on this tuesday morning. this cold tuesday morning. we're going to see some flurries and snow showers this afternoon. this morning though, some sunshine. becoming mostly cloudy. a windy day. winds 15 to 25 out of the northwest. even though the air temps in the low 30s. wind chills o

we went to youngstown, ohio, this week to find out what exactly is going on. >> we want to know what'sthquakes. >> reporter: youngstown's residents are demanding answers why why their house shook on new year he's eve. >> i never had an earthquake. >> it was frightening. >> i thought a jet airliner crashed. >> reporter: it was the biggest of 11 earthquakes here since midmarch. scientists tell us they think they're manmade. >> this is the new year's eve earthquake. >> reporter: seismologist john armbruster said it was likely triggered by this disposal well. nearly 9200 feet underground. >> injecting this much waste is disrupting mother nature, and mother nature in this one case is biting back. >> reporter: the company, dnl energy, says proximity alone does not prove causation. ohio called on armbruster to figure out what's causing all the earthquakes. and closed five nearby disposal wells indefinitely. >> it's possible there's induced seismic activity. >> manmade earthquakes. >> correct. but we don't have conclusive proof yet. >> reporter: there are more than 170 of these wells across oh

near the fault lines stops and the pressure is eased for injection wells along with the one in youngstown are now inactive while further investigation is a launched into the cause of the earthquake so how much more evidence do we need that fracking is inherently dangerous when the earth below us starts shaking for more on this i'm joined by dr tony engraft the dwight's president professor suni of engineering at cornell university dr graff you're welcome good to be with you thanks for joining us for those who may not know could you quickly recap what fracking is and why it's spreading across the u.s. . sure fracking is a means of stimulating in this case and gas well to more easily give up its gets its the injection fracking fluid under relatively high pressure into in this case shale formations to fracture and reopen the practices that are naturally in the shale to release the gas fracking essentially increases the productivity of the well and makes for a better economic return on the investment and they do this by pumping hundreds of thousands of gallons of of water mixed with chemicals

. >> young stud ohio, a 4.0 a youngstown -- in ohio.his caused even bricks to crumble from this chimney and practice home's foundation. crack that home's foundation. >> this is the countdown of fireworks around the world. 2012 in real! huge party on the shore. in rio de janeiro. and also this is near london inear big bend and london. and a another incredible display near big benn. and in a copenhagen. and in russia. finally, moscow's famous red square. a programming update 4 or mediacom the cable customers. kron 4 has met with an agreement there was reno a disruption of service thank you for your patience. there will be no disruption of service and do not forget the live party is just a few moments away. it is the only local countdown show. it is hosted by catherine heenan and gary radnich. ♪ ó??g÷p÷÷÷>>>>>8ç >>vicki: major tax stories with the introduction of the tablet and tapassing of a genius with e top of the tech headlines. >> the passing of steve the jobs was definitely the largest steven jobs -- his authorized biography has beco

literally because nearly a dozen earthquakes have hit youngstown since march and there is concern they'reoming in from an industry, the process known as fracking. cnn's poppy harlow visited the town. >> we want to know what's causing the earth quakes. >> reporter: youngstown residents wants answer on why their houses shook on new year's eve. >> it was frightening. >> i thought an airliner crashed on the side of my house. >> reporter: get this, scientists tell us they think they're manmade. >> this is the new year's eve earthquake. >> reporter: seismologist john says the 4.0 quake was likely triggered by this disposal well which injects waste water from fracking and oil and gas drilling at intense pressures. nearly 9200 feet underground. >> injecting this much waste is disrupting mother nature. mother nature in this one case is biting back. >> reporter: the company d and l energy, says proximity alone does not prove causation. >> channels one, two, and three -- >> reporter: ohio called on armbr armbruster to help figure out what is causing all the earthquakes and closed five nearby disposa

but this flight was arriving from florida, this is at the youngstown airport.airport officials say none of the passengers were injured and the crash happened after the pilot tried to turn too wide after touching down safely. >>> nasa is trying to reassure everyone the world will not end in 2012, in year despite predictions by books, movies and websites. december 21st, many fear the apocalypse wills arrive. predictions from a rogue planet smashing into earth to our world spinning away. most predictions stem from stories recording the -- regarding the end of the myan calendar. nasa says the world should expect nothing more than the winter solstice. the agency has created this website page to answer questions. nasa says there are no scientific evidence that the world is going to end in 2012 >>> it is winter now doesn't feel like it. mike is coming over to give us the latest temperatures and talk about the fog. he's been busy checking out the rain. >>> the north bay valleys, bay shore, dense fog advisory until 10:00 you can see why as we look down from mount tamalp

geological survey says the quake was centered near youngstown. sue sean susan candiotti is here with more. ohio just had an earthquake recently, is that correct? >> they did. the last time they had one was on christmas eve, as a matter of fact. they sound like science fiction to some, but the scientists say this could signal a very serious problem. today's 4.0 earthquake near youngstown, ohio, comes one day after the state shut down operations at a fluid injection well. it treats waste water created by fracking, a way to extract natural gas and oil. here's the scary part for people who live there. over the last eight months there have been ten quakes within two miles of the well. today's makes 11. all in an area where earthquakes have been rare. residents tell us they found the ground rumbling and houses shaking. protesters have been complaining about the well activities for some time. scientists explain it this way, waste water from the fracing procedure is shot more than a mile under the ground as part of the procedure. the theory is the waste

i would say there are just a handful of cities in this country that need it more than youngstown. they have a very high unemployment rate. this area's been depressed since the late 1970s since the steel mills left. one restaurant worker said folks come in here all the time and they tell me this is the next gold rush. there's a study that came out that shocked us. it said in the next five years 200,000 jobs could come to ohio because of fracking but you've got to deal with how do you get rid of the waste. this is how the government tells you to get rid of it. >> poppy harlow, live for us out of new york. >>> a welcome sight in gnome, alaska. a huge tanker with fuel supplies just offshore. hear about the ship's grueling ten-day voyage next. >>> actress heather locklear hospitalized after calling 911. details right after the break. >>> one of the most anticipated award shows of the year. two days away. we're talking about the golden globes. "showbiz tonight's" a.j. hammer will be there. a.j., what can we expect? >> kyra, the globes certainly may give us a hint about which films will

not just those 5,000 auto workers, but including her son are helping to build a new steel mill in youngstownt by the president and came out of the recovery act. we know the chevy cruse, built in lawrencetown, the engine made in ohio, the bumper and transmission out of toll lead coker the steel and aluminum out of cleveland, 5,000 workers on three shifts are building t everybody in ohio knows if we had not done the auto rescue, we would have gone into a depression in -- and far too many people would not have had a paycheck, especially one that builds a middle class wage, so elizabeth as a single parent could take care of her kids. >> now, senator, elizabeth is your guest. one of the president's guests tonight is adam rabb. adam is a cancer patient, 23 years old who ben fitted from the affordable care act. he found out two weeks ago that he is cancer-free and he is in the president's box tonight. so, there's another example of what was accomplished that the opposition won't talk about. 43, 44 americans watching tonight are facing some dire times. what does the president say that will both enco

youngstown's mayor has been hearing about it all around town.obs, yes, we need good-paying jobs, but not at the expense of our environment, of our safety. >> a lot of people are not working. again, we need the income tax. >> reporter: the industry is bringing jobs. one study estimates 200,000 in ohio by 2015. and others are profiting in different ways. >> landowners are getting some very sweet deals. $5,000 an acre. >> reporter: are people becoming millionaires by leasing their land out or selling their mineral rights? >> they're getting really close. >> reporter: all over this region, you have people who have sold the mineral rights to their land for fracing, and they end up with wells just like this one in their backyard pumping out natural gas 24/7. >> we thought with everyone else drilling around us, we might as well join the bandwagon. >> reporter: he sold his mineral rights nearly a year ago and it's pitting neighbor against neighbor. >> i think i'm probably the environmental holdout around here. >> reporter: but pat's neighbor karen is li

. >> a 4.0 magnitude and ohio near youngstown, ohio. this chimney cracked the foundation.s is a real has experienced a least 10 and minor earthquakes in 2011 about 2.7 or less. taking a look back at 2011 coming up the biggest moments in sports. do not forecast to prevent kron --t forget that catherine heenan and gary radnick will be hosting a new year's live at 11:30 tonight here on kron 4. the word is swapportunity. can i have the definition? swapportunity: the opportunity to swap a higher calorie snack for a yoplait light. can you use it in a sentence? mmm. swapping a 300 calorie donut for this 110 calorie strawberry shortcake is a good swapportunity. that's not a real word. oh haha it's real. [ female announcer ] delicious, creamy, yoplait light. over 30 flavors each around 100 calories. do the swap today. >> that death of l. davis. and the 49ers playoff. it is time to roll back the calendar. the l. davis have all// >> that is what you have to do to win without excuse or hesitation of losing is not an option. ♪ posey is hurt and the giants is buster posey ♪ >> the third

yes, 2011 rumbled to a close in eastern ohio, 4.2 magnitude earthquake hit five miles outside youngstownrom this chimney at a near mcdonald's and cracks in the wall, one day after the state announced it would stop work on fluid injection well in youngstown. talk about timing. contributing to seismic activity in the area. crazy stuff. crazy today in parts of the midwest. not necessarily ohio but iowa in terms of electronic winds. the western great lakes first rain, then snow coming in. it's all going to be one giant winter mixing bowl bring the rain first to green bay, chicago, then as the system crosses lake michigan it's going to intensify and bring anywhere from three to five inches of snowfall for parts of south -- definitely south michigan, even into up. you can expect delays in places like minneapolis, chicago, detroit. the wind could be an issue, too. expect backups in places a little less, cincinnati, boston, boston an issue with fog of the frog pond a nice day if you don't mind the fog. fenway park, how long will it take for spring and baseball to get here. take a look at the win

geologists say the quake was centered 5 miles from youngstown, ohio and came a day after the state halted a fragile process isn't a fuel injection well. >> call it a risky way to end the year. up to daredevils risked their lives in san diego, california. robbie madison and levi lawfully jumped over a 300-foot gap. as an artist, one on a motorcycle, one on a snowmobile. a world record set flying more than 400 feet. and on a snowmobile, that's where. >> that's my question. >> you just have to wonder. >> i were to snowmobile. it looks easier to land. >> i choose being in the crowd. >> i would choose really being at home watching on tv. >> after making the progress, what next? wg's life -- wjz is life with more on popular routines. >> new year, new you. everybody seems to have that on the top of the list for the new year clothes like the maryland avenue at club are here to help you be new user, new you. we have two wonderful ladies with us. we have pay him and lives. they are going to talk about fitness trends of 2012. we'll start with hands. >> fitness trends in 2012 is definitely functional

. >> a treacherous runway in youngstown, ohio was to blame for a jet sliding off the runway, but nonethe passengers were hurt. >> it just slid off. >> there was enough snow in philadelphia that it caused this man to use his snowmobile. >> i'm going to buffalo. >> he will leave it there, where this system is expected to dump as much as 2 feet of snow. but in new york city, only flurries in the forecast that calls for bitter cold tonight through wednesday. multicar pileups were common across the region. the one near indianapolis injured several people. >> this was a chain reaction from the front of the way back as far as you can see, really. >> there was no as far south as georgia, too. a dusting in the mountains, but enough to make trouble for school buses. plants withring special frost clots. the winter blast will be brief in the northeast. is predicted in the 50 qazi for the weekend. -- the highways are predicted in the 50's for the weekend. -- the high temperatures are predicted in the 50's for the weekend. >> we did not get that much, but we have had some problems on the roads. >>

this is where we were deliberating go to new york, do we go to youngstown. >> very similar cities. >>ad. >> fork in the road. >> arrived in new york last tuesday. >> a few days. >> and the view from the 34th floor of our building. >> it is an awesome city. >> frug trying to keep my daugh off the pole. not possible if you are in new york on the subway. >> she's on the pole. maybe play for dennis rodman one day. >> there's the kids. future golfer, jj. in indiana. the day after i got pulled over twice within three hours. >> twice by the cops. >> neither of the offenses were for speeding. >> sitting next to a felon. uh- uh-oh. >> insanity. toys "r" us times square. >> epicenter of insanity. >> i will never do that again to myself. or my children. >> order it on line. it was over-stim. i started shaking. my kids were shaking. >> did they get good gifts? >> barbies that are already destroyed. >> they're 2 and 4. >> 2 and 4. >> you'll be babysitting soon. >> we'll have my son potty trained. >> had an experience with peggy's kids. >> i'm a good babysitter. i can diet. >> you think? >> you wer

. >> ohio, a magnitude 4 earthquake shaking youngstown officials saying it's the 11th earthquake to hit that area people blaming the tremors are natural gas growing. they have not found any evidence of that. >>> florida, a massive sink hole opening up at a rest stop parking lot swallowing a car just moments after she got out of it. >> i had no words. i was stunned. i stood there and kind of looked at my car and it is slowly sinking into the ground. >> her husband's car parked two spots over teetering on the edge until a brave tow truck driver hauled it out of the way. the couple says they are thankful no one was hurt. >>> colorado gushing water from a pipe. flooding a denver neighborhood. >> pulled out the fire trucks cops every where streets flooded waves coming off the cars and sidewalks. coming over the brand new bmw across the hooded grill 3, 4 foot almost up to my hip. >> the water flowing for hours damaging cars and buildings. to make matters worst forecasters predicting below freezing temperatures tonight. >>> california, two daredevils celebrating new year's eve by setting a cou

the weekend will give way to set aside hanahan >>marty: 8440 magnitude earthquake near youngstown ohio yesterday afternoon. this is video of some of the damage. the earthquake caused some of the bridge to fall to the ground in the cracked the foundation of third homes. area experienced 10 minor earthquakes but generally had a magnitude of 2.7 or lower. investigators are now looking into a least 35 suspected arson fires. for more cars were set ablaze overnight in laws angeles. they are all in and around the north hollywood every assyrians >> we want to assure you that we have patrols out there and we are working diligently with all of our cooperative agencies throughout the county into the city to make sure this will not be an incident debt will continue on. it is a time for neighborhood to get together to report any suspicious activities. cleese keep an eye on each other. >> across the street from the morrison house is this building. it is a bar, a restaurant and market. it has gone through several names over the years. >> it is sad to think that some crazy person started a fire inside

in the youngstown area. it's the 11th earthquake to hit that area since march. >> we do have other disposal wells we have had for 20 years and never, ever had a problem with an earthquake or spill or any problems whatsoever. >> while the ohio department of natural resources said fracking is not causing the earthquakes but it's thought the injection of waste water near the fault line is causing enough pressure to cause seismic activity. >>> fake money at a walmart in north korea but nobody was fooled. police in lexington north carolina say a 53-year-old man tried to use a phony million dollar bill last month. he wanted $476 worth of walmart merchandise and wanted the change that came with it. the store called police and arrested the man on felony charges. the $100 bill is the largest bill in our circulation. >>> call it a tale of two bay area football teams. the 49ers are relaxing with a well deserved day off. they earned a first round playoff bye. most memorable play is when they dug into their bag of tricks

it's a hot topic in youngstown, ohio, where a well for fraking wastewater is believed by scientists toakes since mid march. >> i've never had an earthquake in my whole life, never even heard of one around here. >> reporter: many are worried about the possibility of pollution from chemically treated water used to break up roth and gas. the industry says it can be done safely. youngstown's mayor has been hearing about it all around town. >> decree, we need jobs, we need good paying jobs, but not at the expense of our environment, of our safety. >> a lot of people are not working. again, we need the income tax. >>. >> reporter: the industry is getting jobs. one estimates 200,000 by 2015. >> landowners are getting some very sweet deals. $5,000 an apg actor. >> are people becoming millionaires by selling their mineral rights? >> they're getting close. >> reporter: all over this region, you have people who have sold the mineral rights to their land for fracking and they end up with wells like this one in their backyard pumping out natural gas 24/7. >> everyone else around us, we night as wel

. >> ohio, a magnitude 4 earthquake shaking youngstown officials saying it's the 11th earthquake to hit that area people blaming the tremors are natural gas growing. they have not found any evidence of that. >>> florida, a massive sink hole opening up at a rest stop parking lot swallowing a car just moments after she got out of it. >> i had no words. i was stunned. i stood there and kind of looked at my car and it is slowly sinking into the ground. >> her husband's car parked two spots over teetering on the edge until a brave tow truck driver hauled it out of the way. the couple says they are thankful no one was hurt. >>> colorado gushing water from a pipe. flooding a denver neighborhood. >> pulled out the fire trucks cops every where streets flooded waves coming off the cars and sidewalks. coming over the brand new bmw across the hooded grill 3, 4 foot almost up to my hip. >> the water flowing for hours damaging cars and buildings. to make matters worst forecasters predicting below freezing temperatures tonight. >>> california, two daredevils celebrating new year's eve by setting a cou

that's after several small eartuakes hit the youngstown area. experts will try to find out if there's a link between the wells and the quakes. >>> an active duty soldier is charged with trying to get on a plane with a military grade explosive. tsa agents in midland, texas, say that they found it when they screened trey atwater's carry-on. cops say there was nothing sinister about this, and there was no way to detonate the explosive. >>> there's a manhunt going on at mt. rainier in washington. police are looking for a man wanted questioning in the fatal shooting of a park reasonable care. -- park ranger. they have evacuated everyone from the park. co-workers say that margaret anderson tried to stop the man before she was shot and killed. he took off on foot. anderson was 34 and had two young children. >> margaret anderson worked at mt. rainier for about four years. she is an excellent ranger, a very dedicated public servant, really committed to park visitors and was an excellent ranger. her husband also works in the park as a law enforcement rang

it hit youngstown, ohio. 1 to 3 inches of show fell per hour on sunday, creating what you're lookingch near whiteout conditions. wind gusting as high as 40 miles an hour. it is a rare event, these thunder snowstorms. apparently they're more common during lake effect snow. >> i don't speak english. a little maybe, but it's enough. >> this woman is a mother and an american citizen and she wants to run for office. here's the thing. her town leader will not allow her to do so because she doesn't speak english very well. now she is fighting back. find out how, next. [ male announcer ] what if we told you that cadillac borrowed technology from ferrari to develop its suspension system? or what if we told you that ferrari borrowed technology from cadillac to develop its suspension system? magnetic ride control -- pioneered by cadillac, perfected in the 556-horsepower cts-v. we don't just make luxury cars. we make cadillacs. ♪ home was an airport lounge and an ipad ♪ ♪ made sure his credit score did not go bad ♪ ♪ with a free-credit-score-dot-com ♪ ♪ app that he had ♪ downloaded it in the him

in the youngstown area. it's the 11th earthquake to hit the area since march. >>> we do have other disposal wells. that we've had for 20 years. and never, ever had a problem with an earthquake or spill or any problems whatsoever. >> the ohio department of natural resources director said fracking is not causing the quakes but sought the injection of waste water is creating enough pressure to cause sizic activity. >>> listen to this. a million dollar bill raised eyebrows and brought police to a walmart. police in north carolina arrested a shopper after he tried to pass the fake bill last month. he tried to get the change from a $476 purchase of a microwave and vacuum cleaner. the store called police who arrested him. of course the $100 bill is the largest bill in circulation. >>> talking football and a tale of two bay area football teams. one side of the bay you have the 49ers relaxing today with a well deserved day off. they earned a first round playoff bye with a win over the rams in st. louis. 34-27. the mo

. >> reporter: a treacherous one way in youngstown, ohio, was to blame for a jet sliding off monday nightthough none of the 150 passengers on board was hurt. >> the plane made a nice landing but as it went to turn, it just slid off. >> reporter: there was enough snow near philadelphia that the weather channel's mike seidel -- >> i'm going to buffalo. >> reporter: he'll need it around buffalo where the system is expected to dump as much as two feet of snow. putting an abrupt hall to that area's snow drought. in new york city, only flurries are in the forecast. that calls for bitter cold tonight into wednesday. multicar pileups were common across the region. the one monday near indianapolis injured several people. >> it was a sheet of ice. it was a chain reaction all the way from the front with the truck all the way back as far as you can see, really. >> reporter: there was snow as far south as georgia. a dusting in the mountains but enough to make roads too dangerous for school buses. even in central florida, for protection from the cold, they're covering plants with special frost cloth. t

a 4.0 magnitude rattled eastern ohio, centered five miles northwest of youngstown.e week after a smaller quake struck the region. >>> iran says it tested the first nuclear fuel rod. they also fired medium range anti-radar missiles and military drills near the strait of hormuz. iran threatened to shut down the strait, a major pathway for oil shipments. >>> urging allegiance to king jong-il. in a new year's eve message they said they should place absolute trust in kim jong-il. they said u.s. forces an obstacle to peace in the peninsula and called for withdrawal in the region. those are the top stories. now back to fareed zakaria, gps. >>> the large collider may sound like a weapon out of "star wars." in reality an extraordinary piece of engineering that allowed for more extraordinary breakthroughs in our understanding of the physical world. scientists there say within 2012 they hope to find the elusive particle that would unlock many mysteries about the beginning of the universe. in past decades these sort of advances would naturally have been made in america. so it's

and charles, youngstown, ohio. i don't understand your dislike of ron paul., enough romney drooling already. you're both trying to sway voters. i think i can speak for bret, bull feathers. avon, indiana, i don't understand the primary system why should four or five states pick our candidates. if only they were in states, the wealthy people could compete because by going to spaul places first, any candidate can get momentum with a moderate amount of cash and that's why the system has been set up. adrian jones, if romney took poorly managed companies and made them competitive that's the business model america needs. a and. and from thailand, i've noticed so many public candidates criticizing romney and companies, don't they want to close ineffective government agencies? as we say in thailand, same same, but different. and mr. o, got a great christmas present when i came home to my island. for the first time ever, the factor was broadcast. excellent! and from connecticut. killing lincoln cost me a good night's sleep, thanks for looking out for me. my pleasure to