and that is when -- when the agreement percentage agreement was that yugoslavia was 50/50., churchill already knows that he's being outgunned or cheated or whatever, that the soviets actually want -- want to have full control over yugoslavia and in that context, the negotiations from poland would also be affected by what happened in yugoslavia. and, again, i pretty sure there were no major decisions made at that level of the principles, but on the lower level, there could be some technical issues decided. but the key thing on yugoslavia was 50/50 was october '44 moscow. >> one final question here, to your right, dr. plokhii. >> thank you so much. two quick questions. to what extent did roosevelt's physical frailties affect his ability to negotiate effectively, and how much of this information was then given to truman also knowing the frailties of his physical situation? >> yeah, thank you. well, truman was very much forced on fdr as his vice president in 1944. so there were maybe two meetings that were there before fdr died of any substance between the two leaders. but once

that is when the agreement was that yugoslavia was 50-50.by the time of yalta, churchill already knows he is being outgunned or cheated or whatever, that the soviets actually want to have full control over yugoslavia. and in that context, the negotiations in poland would also be affected by what happened in yugoslavia. and again, i am pretty sure that there were no major decisions made at that level, but on the lower level there could be some technical issues decided. but the 50-50 of yugoslavia was decided in moscow. >> right. two quick questions to what extent did roosevelt's frailties affect him to deliberate due to discuss and debate a equally >> truman was very much forced on fdr, as his vice president, in 1944. so there were maybe two meetings that were there before fdr died,. but once fdr died, the first thing that the ambassador in moscow was a key figure in the negotiations, on the pacific the first thing that he did he got on the plane and he flew to to washington, to advise truman to advise truman on the yalta agreements. and that

was is when the agreement that yugoslavia was 50-50.y the time of yalta, churchill already knows he is being outgunned or cheated or whatever, that the soviets actually want to have full control over yugoslavia. and in that context, the negotiations in poland would also be affected by what happened in yugoslavia. am pretty sure that there were no major decisions but on thet level, lower level there could be some technical issues decided. 50-50 of yugoslavia was decided in moscow. >> one final question to your right. >> thank you so much. two questions. to what extent did roosevelt's physical frailties affect his ability to negotiate effectively? and how much of this information was given to truman, also knowing the frailties of his difficult situation? dr. plokhii: thank you. was very much forced on fdr as his vice president in 1944. so there were maybe two meetings that were there before fdr died, of substance, between the two leaders. died, the first moscowhe ambassador in did, it was a key figure in negotiations on the pacific, the f

sold poland doubt river or yugoslavia or hungary at yalta. in the 1970's, and i was a teenager, one of the biggest diplomatic issues was the return of the crown of st. steven to hungary. so there's st. steven is the founder of the hungarian nation traditionally. there's a crown that is traditionally associated with him, the cross is off kilter, because supposedly it was hit by a musket ball. those are the legends about the crown. but it was being held in the united states, some hungarian patriots smillinged it out, and president carter wanted to give it back. to improve relations with hungary. thaffs his explanation. it roiled politics in cleveland for the better part of three years. a cleveland city councilwoman at the time, leading the charge not to give it back to the communists. and so that was yalta talk for five years growing up about the captive nations of eastern europe. now, what i'm going to try to argue today is there's another lens through which we can and probably should look at yalta. and i think it's one that is a little less u

fdr sold pulling down the river or yugoslavia or hungry a yalta. and the seventies, so i was a teenager in 0.98, one of the biggest diplomatic issues was the return of crown of state stevens to hungry. they are the founder of hungarian traditionally, and had a cricket cross because supposedly was hit by turkish musket ball, i am not sure that is true but the legends of the crown. it was being held in the united states president carter wanted to give back. that was carter's explanation. it royal politics in cleveland for the better part of three years. mary rose was a cleveland city councilman at the time she sort of leading the charge not to give the crown and sent stevens back to the crown of communism. that was the yalta top for five years growing up about the captive nations of eastern europe. now, what i'm going to try to argue today that this is another lens through which we can probably should look at yalta. i think it is one that is a little less to use and doctor certainly refer to it enough times. let me triangle to be a little bit more de

that was the phrase always used fdr sold poland down the river or yugoslavia or hungary at yalta. in the '70s, i was born in 1958, one of the big issues was the return of the crown from st. steven to hungary. there say crown traditionally associated with him and has a crooked -- the crown was off kilter because it was hit by a turkish musket ball. i don't know if that's true but those are the legends of the crown. it was being held in the united states, some patriot smuggled it out and president carter wanted to give it back. so improve relations with hungary. it roiled politics in cleveland for the better part of three years. mary rose ocarr, she was leading the charge not to give the crown of st. steven back to the communists. and so that was yalta talk for five years growing up about the captive nations of eastern europe. now what i'm going to try too argue today, there is another lens through which we can and should look at yalta. it is one a little less used. dr. plokhii referred to it enough times but i'll try to go into more detail on it here. he set me up nicely. in this l

. ♪ >> to establish reliable relation of germany to yugoslavia will represent an element of calm to ourent. this peace is the goal of all disposed to perform constructive work, 1 june 1939, adolf hitler. >> on 6 april 1941, german troops invaded yugoslavia. ♪ these criminal methods brought them early success. by 1941, they had most of europe under their heel. now an evil ambitious for power and more power drove them on. but two of the world's mightiest nations, the united states and soviet russia, remained to block the nazi drive for world supremacy. they had to be dealt with firmly, immediately and now germany asked for cooperation from her full partner in aggression to the east and from her junior partner to the south. in berlin, they drew up the axis pact, the blueprint of the new order, and parcelled out the continents of the world for domination. italy was to get the mediterranean sphere. japan was to get the orient. and to germany would go the rest of the world. in june 1941, in violation of their non-aggression pact, the nazis went into soviet territory, according to military pla

or take my wife's former homeland former yugoslavia where you can't imagine a more racially charged orhnically charged conflict in the 1990s including genocide there are basically no, with a little bit of caveat, there's basically no genetic distinctions between these groups that are literally murdering each other in the former yugoslavia. on the other hand, a place like rwanda where there is genocide at the same time, there are very distinct genetic signatures between tutsi and hutu populations. a lot of times there is a biological a very clear biological correlation of race but sometimes there's not. that's why want to preserve a social sciences that distinguish between ancestry and biology for several figure disagree majorly with that. i think the bigger issue is what do we make of those differences and hear we get into a lot of complicated science. i will try to explain what apologetics score is. if you member high school biology there are four bases of dna for possible two go with two and the other two go with the other two. there is variation across the genome in which base indiv

and i should -- i'm pretty sure there are no major decisions, so the give on yugoslavia was 50/50. >> one final question here to your right. >> thank you so much, two quick questions. to what extent did roosevelt's frailties affect his ability to negotiate effectively, and how much of the information was given to truman also knowing the frailties of his situation. >> well, truman was very much forced on fdr as his vice president in 1944. so there was maybe two meetings there between the two leaders, but once fdr died, the it was a key figure. he got on the lane and he flew to washington to advise truman on the yalta fwreemts, and that was a time when they come to the first founding convention. and he also came to washington. and he convinced truman that they were violating the agreements at yalta, and the first meeting was quite dramatic when he said no one has talked to me like that, and truman said just stick to it and no one will talk to you. that was really the beginning, kbu up until 1947, truman was really unprepared going from one extreme to another. he was very har much. the a

initiatives to actually handle the issue when we go back a couple of decades to the walls in former yugoslavia was for quite a different approach from european leaders trying to solve the conflict itself trying to ascending peacekeeping forces and then working together to solve the refugee issue but do you not think that one can make the case that the international community already has the lowest of expectations from the european union after all 34000 drowned in the mediterranean after illuminations launched a war to destroy africa's riches to get a country libya if we could see 34000 refugees defacto drowning why should anyone expect anything better of really. because the refugee convention started in europe it was 1st only a political in europe very much based on the experiences from world war 2 what we have seen now and which we are also seeing globally is that too few countries are stepping forward to assist those that take many refugees also because we have conflicts like syria in particular with home many people having been displaced birth to neighboring countries and within the country

they're afraid of any sense of accountability they want to point it is whether it was the former yugoslavia or in libya is the war criminals and it's a question of disproportionality with the us has never been held accountable so it's this huge contradiction and for all the students of human rights in an international law it's really a joke and i think a lot of people know that there are we're seeing pompei okamoto say what he's saying today now that it's a political organization except for are you surprised at the strength of feeling that he's publicly shown here or is this kind of thing just going on before but maybe not surprisingly stated. no not at all it's not surprising what one would expect they've never been held accountable there's no reason to think now that they have any fear of being held accountable it would take even more than a bernie sanders even more than a political resolution of a genuine revolution in the united states to truly put these war criminals from trial will not a great wrong rating one of the greens war criminals has passed away but there is such a long line o

never be sanctioned it can go to war in vietnam or iraq or afghanistan or libya commit all kinds of yugoslavia can commit all kinds of crimes it's never going to be sanctioned the sanctions are turning the world against the united states because the rest of the world unlike americans who don't know about this they realize that this is a killer policy that's aimed at the most vulnerable the poor the young and the 0 and the older parts of the population it's a cruel and barbaric form of of foreign policy you can't talk about american soft power and then you saying this is your go question exactly broken for us of that we run out of time here and there's that interesting element of blowback let's not forget that ok many thanks to my guests in washington minneapolis and in dayton and thanks to our viewers for watching us here at r.t. see you next time and remember. a dark industry comes to life in los angeles every night. dozens of women sells their bodies on the streets many of them under-age. los angeles police reveal a taste of their daily challenge if you're going to exploit for a child here i

to do that the classic case of worst was to yugoslavia this was the 1st modern humanitarian interventioncarried out by bill. and it was carried out without security council authorization. and clinton wanted the big east if he wanted to bomb. serbia which she did her best 78 days. was to show the world that dean us could do it and could do it without security company council authorization and that's what happened the u.s. did it along with other nato allies and their position was that doesn't change they can do whatever it wants to in supporting the rights but again in the case he was slavia again and what we saw were 2 things that nato itself carried out war crimes masked war crime over 78 days of bombing which mostly focused on civilian targets. but also being human rights have been uses to. stir be there that you know extra plaint want to stop actually tolerated it imparts box to the bombing. in fact were spurred on by the bomb so that invasion again itself created humanitarian problems because again it focused largely on civilians and stability to structure but also to curb the very h

to do that the classic case of the worst was to yugoslavia this was the 1st.modern humanitarian intervention carried out by bill. and it was carried out without security council authorization. and clinton wanted the big east if he wanted to bomb. serbia which he did urge 78 days. was to show the world the dean us could do it and could do it without a security company council authorization and that's what happened the us did it along with other nato allies and their position was that it's not you. can do whatever it wants in support if you get rights but again in the case he was sloppy and what we saw were 2 things that nato itself carried out war crimes masked war right over $78.00 days of bombing which mostly focused on civilian targets. but also being human rights abuses to. stir be there that you know extra plaint want to stop action style range it interests box to the bombing. in fact were spurred on by the bottom so that invasion again itself created humanitarian problems because again it focused largely on civilians and stability to structure but also to

to do that the classic case of worst was to yugoslavia this was the 1st. modern humanitarian intervention carried out by bill. and it was carried out without security council authorization. and clinton wanted the big east if he wanted to bomb. serbia which he did urge 78 days. was to show the world the dean us could do it and could do it without a security company council authorization and that's what happened the us did it along with other nato allies and their position was that it's not you. can do whatever it wants in support if you get rights but again in the case he was sloppy and what we saw were 2 things that nato itself carried out war crimes masked war right over $78.00 days of bombing which mostly focused on civilian targets. but also being human rights abuses to. stir be there. that to us claim to want to stop action style arrange it into its box to the bombing. in fact were spurred on by the bottom so that invasion again itself created humanitarian problems because again it focused largely on civilians and stability to structure but also to cur

to do that the classic case of the worst was to yugoslavia this was the 1st modern humanitarian intervention carried out by bill maher and it was carried out without security council authorization and clinton one of the big when he says he wanted to bomb. serbia which he did urge $78.00 days to. was to show the world the team u.s. could do it and could do it without a security company council authorization and that's what happened the u.s. did it along with other nato allies and their position was that it's not you they can do whatever it wants to in supporting the rights but again in the case he was sloppy and what we saw were 2 things that nato itself carried out war crimes masked war right over 78 days of bombing which mostly focused on civilian targets. but also being human rights abuses to. stir being there. that you know what's claimed to want to stop action style reagan did in response to the bombing. in fact were spurred on by the bomb so that invasion again itself created humanitarian problems because again it's focused largely on civilians and it's going to be structured but also t

we will give you poland, euless lobby, tacos a bock yeah, and yugoslavia,land, tackles a bach yeah, -- c and wevakia, hungary, will give you something. dr. citino: are you suggesting that is what happened that yalta ? >> kind of. dr. citino: i do not think there is any doubt that what was discussed at yalta can be characterized as realpolitik. poland for men to invade japan. people will do things for a quid pro quo. if that is all yalta was, than why all of the talk about the united nations? because the united nations is orthe sort of realpolitik the realistic view of foreign relations. it is that liberal view of for an relations that people cooperate with each other and are sometimes linked to surrender some of their sovereignty in the interest of the broader global community or the regional community. so what you have set is a pretty good characteristic. the westerns allied wanted some stuff. they got some stuff. stalin wanted some stuff. he got some stuff. i'm delivered late talking silly. elaborately talking silly. i am deliberately talking silly. i think a good foreign policy has

. >> and all my deployments i have done humanitarian efforts in kosovo and the former yugoslavia and i have been deployed to kuwait and there is a different issue associated with the countries but what we are doing here is certainly the first. >> the order hit food banks heart but the shortage of volunteers and many volunteers are elderly and it is critical they stay home. >> we did not expect the situation so quickly. people are scared. we want to give them comfort that we are working hard. >> it gives you a good sense of serving your country because our country and the world is in need right now. all of us need to take a step back. we are in this together. >> this initial activation includes about 400-500 soldiers. they have been offering services to the cruise ship. they are in this for as long as it takes. >>> some peninsula firefighters are making changes to help slow down the spread of coronavirus to protect the public. firefighters will wear medical gloves, masks and safety glasses when responding to medical incidents. firefighters they have dozens of incidents so far. >> we a

we'll give you poland, yugoslavia, chezechoslovakia an hungary, what do you think? >> are you suggesting that's what happened at yalta? are you saying that's what happened at yalta? i just want to know. i'm not agreeing or disagreeing. >> kind of sort of, yeah. >> i don't think there's any doubt that yalta, much of what was discussed at yalta, but not all, can be qualified or characterized as reale politic. you give us men to help invade japan, that was precisely what was done. it's very honest about human nature. it'st says people won't do things for altruistic motives but they will do things for a quid pro quo. you do something for me and i'll do something for you. if that's all yalta was, then why all the talk about the united nations? that's not the sort of reale politique. it's that people cooperate with one another and sometimes they're willing to surrender their sovereignty in the interest of the broader global community or regional community. what you've said is essentially a pretty good characteristic. the western allies wanted some stuff. they got some stu

yugoslavia and hungary would be split 50-50 in terms of influence. in burglary the soviets would have 75% influence and the west 25%. note that poland is not part of this agreement. czechoslovakia is not part of it. austria is not part of it. certainly in terms of the future influence taking in eastern europe, it was very important what was agreed upon by these leaders. in moscow. did roosevelt know about it? yes he did. because harriman was reported on the percentages and he reported back to washington and since roosevelt did not reject the percentages, stalin was led to believe that indeed it was sort of an agreement between the big three. so ladies and gentlemen, i think i'm going to stop here. ofs is dr. stoler's outline the pre-yalta conferences that took place where many of the important decisions that would figure at yalta on poland, germany and the postwar order and the united nations were already if not agreed-upon they were discussed. it was a process that was going anduring the whole war yalta of course can continued those discussions. if

we were at war with each other just like relations with yugoslavia how close we are now so i think thoseare carefully calibrated to show these are the possibilities. then the other thing he did which i thought was actually most people thought that it was corny but he did a trailer that is like a movie trailer. >> host: how did you solve a problem like north korea, and anyway i think that was the right thing to do. that is a broad plan to be of politics and trade and assertions of poverty and domestic politics and all these things. you said about the president prt watch what he does and not what he says it's where he does not what he says. it's about what made john f. kennedy. i think having worked closely with him he is from the new york real estate world where you either made money that year were lost. he created the whole genre of reality television you have good ratings are bad. washington is vague. it's how you get there and make some money when you sell a building. it's getting to where you can win so he looks at the negotiating positions and trash talking. every time he sort of pro

there've been two episodes of this i covered in yugoslavia and then again in iraq. to move towards the sources of income and because of sanctions they turned in part to drug trafficking and there is no better example of this in north korea which is a major industrial exporter of illegal drugs and it does so because it isn't able to have other kinds of economic activity. and the building of our economy with the trade from the merchants that provided the capital for all the factories that made new england such a power. in this book i take away a new lens looking at history just to give one example i spent some time thinking about and writing about iran. people felt they were not respecting their democracy. where did it come from? it came from the 1906 resolution in iran. what set off the constitution aniniran, the tobacco revolt. it is when the british insisted and if they agreed to give the british tobacco company monopoly control over the entire tobacco industry and forbid every iranian fun producing or selling tobacco that an explosion happened even those that refu

that's pretty much what stalin said yugoslavia during the war.der on that place. that's what it did over eastern europe. there was a coup in czechoslovakia where the government ministers of the conservative parties resigned. the commune niis communists put into place. we have the communists in control in prague and czechoslovakia. you could say a year after hungary, after budapest is being turned into a communist country. the irony is when it came time to who will participate in the marshal plan, the czechs would have loved to participate. and said so in 1947. stalin had called the czech leadership, the foreign minister and told them, no, you can't participate. that might have been a preliminary step for czechoslovakia to go down on the communist side. thefirmed up the iron curtain. they landed on the western side of europe. eastern europe could not participate in the marshal plan landed on the side that would slowly, economically go down the drain and become poorer. it was a moment of great decision for the czechs. moscow would not allow them to

so we don't see a lot of that around the world, but we do know that we see yugoslavia, see all kindsally when it gets widespread like the recent one that we saw. so it is an african tragedy. i mean, i would disagree slightly, not to diminish the level of crisis here, but you find in countries where hate crimes are at their highest levels since before the second world war, right, where brown people were are targeted by anti—immigration sentiment. it is a pattern that's replicated all over the world, and it tends to happen when there is economic contraction, when people don't have access to jobs, where they feel like their likelihood of having a prosperous life is under threat. it becomes very easy to target brown people. again, this idea that you must look for the nearest person who is struggling more than you are, and attack and blame them for your challenges. because of the economic situation in the world, and because of what is happening in europe, a car mowed down more than ten people in germany, and they happen to be foreigners, so attacks on immigrants happen everywhere. you're

that is pretty much stall and has told yugoslavia join the war.wherever an army liberates, it is going to build its order on the place. that is what it did all over eastern europe. to finally answer your question, what happened and chat go silica and why did it come under communist control? the reason for that is in 1948, february, there was a coup and czechoslovakia where the government ministers of the conservative parties resigned. the communist that season opportunity not to start a new government but simply put themselves into place. from february 1948 onwards we have the communist in prague and czechoslovakia as well. you can say the year after hungry, after budapest, czechoslovakia is turning and being turned into a communist country as well. the ultimate irony of course is that when it came time to who will participate in the martial plan. the checks would have loved to have participated and said so in 1947 but stalin had called the czech leadership, the foreign leader and told him no you can't participate. that might have been a prelimina