little progress had been made as south carolinians who survived the initial explosion along with north carolinians and virginians stubbornly held to their positions. the first indication of the presence of black troops on the battlefield was their battle cry of no quarter. and remember ft. pillow. a reference to the recent massacre of black troops at ft. pillow, tennessee. the two brigades of ferrero's division wound their way over open ground and did their best to steer clear of the maelstrom inside the crater. a few units along with scattered white units were successful in maneuvering into positions beyond the crater and stood poised for a possible assault on bl blanford heights overlooking petersburg. the arrival on the field of mahone's confederate division not only prevented a breakthrough but added to the chaos and confusion already present. for many confederates, this was their first experience fighting black soldiers. quote, it had the same affect upon our men that a red flag had upon a mad bull, was the way one south carolinians who survived the initial explosion, described th

horatio wright's federals, 6th corps, starts to pull into place south of the road, he pulls the south carolinians of place, tacks them onto the south end of the confederate line so this ravine is now undefended. it's a weak spot in the confederate position. well, what happens on the june si -- union side, they fill the area down below us and the fields to our front -- as a matter of fact directly in front of us is elements from general eustices brigade an opium eating harvard professor type. and general upton, one of the best commanders, upton had masterminded a spectacular assault a spotsylvania courthouse. north of them are baldy smith's men recently arrived from richmond who will fill in north of this big ravine and stream that i was just talking about. now, upton's force is interesting. in recent weeks soldiers had been brought down from the defenses of washington and baltimore. these men were called heavy artillerists. they had very little combat experience. the only confederates most of them had seen would be confederate prisoners. upton had been reinforced with one of those regiments. it w

little progress had been made as south carolinians who survived the initial explosion along with north carolinians and virginians stubbornly held to their positions. the first indication of the presence of black troops on the battlefield was their battle cry of no quarter. and remember ft. pillow. a reference to the recent massacre of black troops at ft. pillow, tennessee. the two brigades of ferrero's division wound their way over open ground and did their best to steer clear of the maelstrom inside the crater. a few units along with scattered white units were successful in maneuvering into positions beyond the crater and stood poised for a possible assault on bl blanford heights overlooking petersburg. the arrival on the field of mahone's confederate division not only prevented a breakthrough but added to the chaos and confusion already present. for many confederates, this was their first experience fighting black soldiers. quote, it had the same affect upon our men that a red flag had upon a mad bull, was the way one south carolinians who survived the initial explosion, described th

right where we are would be elliott's south carolinians. virginians would be to the south of the crater, behind you. artillery was positioned to the north in what is now a cemetery behind me. ,ou had the virginia artillery and you also would have davidson's battery to the south behind you and to your -- to my right on what was then called jerusalem plank road. lampkin's and flanner's batteries. basically the confederates had artillery on the left, right, and in the rear. when union troops attacked they are going to be hit on three fronts. at 4:44 a.m., a tremendous explosion ruptured the earth, throwing men, cannons, and a huge chunk of clay the size of a four room schoolhouse toward the heavens. the casualties were 44 killed outright, a total of 278 known casualties. there were probably more. when this stuff blow up in the air, it has to come down. so much went up the it took 10 -- that it took 10 minutes for the debris to stop falling out of the sky. union soldiers were actually in the fallout area. they didn't stay there. they went back

federals, start to pull into place south of the road and he pulls the south carolinians out of place and tax them on to the south end of the confederate line so this ravine is undefended. a weak spot in their position. what happens on the union side? the union sixth core under who ratio wright fills their below us and folds right to the front of directly across from uses are elements from general you cities's brigade and general emory upton, one of the best brigade commanders of the army of the potomac. his men are looking pretty much across at us. north of them are ball did smith's men recently alived in prich monday filling in north of this big ravine and stream. up on the's force is interesting. in recent weeks. soldiers have been brought down from the defenseness of washington and baltimore. these men were called heavy arrest untilerists. they had very little experience. upton was re-enforced with a regimen called "the second second cut heavy artillery." the colonel was interested in having his men prove themselves and volunteered to lead in the front line so upton will form his b

federal government but that they hadn't absolutely given up their right to be virginians or south carolinians or whatter. i don't know if i'm answering your question well. marshall talks about it in a lot of different supreme court of it. i did a byography or marshall. i think you'll like it. >> you didn't answer my question but i learned a lot. >> let me say, not in any of his letters of advice did he give the sort of answers you're looking for. >> i came out of a church with for? and as a teacher, i never -- i bought a lot of little flags and we abolished our -- i call it abolished. there's no more pledge of allegiance and this is sad. but that's me. george mason in one of his letters discusses slavery a bit. for most of the southerners. slavery was a fact. they didn't see it ending. what who have within really neat if i could have gotten letters from somebody like robert king carter who actually freed all of his slaved or edward coles. he comes along later. but jefferson writes him and jefferson says, it wouldn't be a good idea to free your slaves for a lot of different reasons. and he get

basically because this book is sort of compilation of speeches and writings of south carolinians, most of whom i knew, and still no. jesse jackson, jr. some going to read this book and see exactly what is going on today compared to what a lot of them saw. and still see. >> you recently published a memoir in me. can you tell me about the experience of writing that? >> well, that book, "blessed experiences," generally southern black, this book that i spent 25 to 30 years compiling. i got serious about writing it about five years ago. and it's about my experiences growing up in the south, and how those experiences led to my being where i am today, and how they sit, my thought processes, and how i approach my job here in congress. .. but all of them were depressants a hat to look back on some of the nordic receive the blessing. >> what are you reading this >> for a republican senator jim book falling in love with america again. this is not half an hour. >> our next speaker is a senator jim demint standing in a plan saying the pledge of allegiance. >> i pledge allegiance to the flag of the

the federal government, but they hadn't absolutely given up their right to be virginians or south carolinians or whatever. i don't know if i'm answering your question well. marshal talked about it in a lot of different decisions. i can get a biography. >> you're -- let me just say this. not in any of his letters of advice to get the sort of answers you're looking for. >> came out of the church with the american flag and a woman said patriotic. i have two flags. but i thought about it because i look up the word fascism. and i believe, this is me, i believe that americans born, americans and immigrants -- first let's talk about born americans. it's the lack of love for the nation. i don't feel there's a love. it's like i have this flag, it's like people look at me like what do i have a flag for. and as a teacher i bought the little flags. there's no r more. this is sad. but that's me. >> thank you for being who you are, really. yes, sir? >> did these letters touch on slavery and attitudes on slavery? i shouldn't say that. i think george mason in one of his letters discussed slavery a bit. but i

little progress had been made as south carolinians who survived the initial explosion along with north carolinians and virginians stubbornly held to their positions. the first indication of the presence of black troops on the battlefield was their battle cry of no quarter. and remember ft. pillow. a reference to the recent massacre of black troops at ft. pillow, tennessee. the two brigades of ferrero's division wound their way over open ground and did their best to steer clear of the maelstrom inside the crater. a few units along with scattered white units were successful in maneuvering into positions beyond the crater and stood poised for a possible assault on blanford heights overlooking petersburg. the arrival on the field of mahone's confederate division not only prevented a breakthrough but added to the chaos and confusion already present. for many confederates, this was their first experience fighting black soldiers. quote, it had the same affect upon our men that a red flag had upon a mad bull, was the way one south carolinians who survived the initial explosion, described the r

right where we were would be elliott's south carolinians and the virginians would to the south of theter behind you. wright's artillery battery was positioned to the north in what's now a cemetery about 600 yards behind me. you had captain richard peegram's cavalry in the salient. and davidson's battery to the south behind you and to your -- to my right out here on what was then called jerusalem plank road would be lampkins and flanner's batteries. basically the confederates had artillery on the left, the right, and in the rear. so when the union troops attacked through here, they are going to get hit on three fronts. now, at 4:44 a.m. a tremendous explosion ruptured the earth throwing men, canons and a huge chunk of clay, the size of a four-room schoolhouse toward the heavens. the confederate casualties from the explosion were 44 killed outright, 234 bounded for a total of 278 known casualties. there were probably more. when this stuff blew up and went into the air, well, it's got to come down. so much went up that it took ten minutes for the debris to stop falling out of the sky. un

for the federal government, but they had not absolutely given up orir right to be virginians south carolinians or whatever. i do not know if i'm answering your question. marshall talks about in a lot of different supreme court decisions you will find vestiges of it. biography of marshall and read it. i would think you would like it. >> i learned a lot. >> you are asking me. not in any of his letters of advice did he give the sort of answers you are looking for. >> with this american flag. a woman said patriotic. i have two flags. so i thought about it, because i look up the word last year, the word fascism. is belligerent patriotic. ths iis is me, i am not born in america. i talk about born american. it is just a lack of love for this nation. i do not feel that the love -- it is like, i have this flag. people look at me like, what do i have a flag for? --i would calle it abolished. there is no more pledge of allegiance. this is sad. but that's me. >> thank you. thank you for being who you are. yes, sir? >> does he touch on slavery. >> not really. i should not say that. one of george mason in h

right where we are would be elliott's south carolinians.illery was position to the north in what is now a cemetery behind me. in the captain richard salient. and you would have davidson's battery to the south behind you and to your -- to my right on what was then called jerusalem plank road. hadcally the confederates artillery on the left, right, and in the rear. when union troops attacked they are going to be hit on three fronts. a.m., a tremendous explosion through rock and clay toward the heavens. the casualties were 44 killed outright, a total of 278 known casualties. there were probably more. when this stuff blow up in the air, it has to come down. so much went up the it took 10 minutes for the debris to stop falling out of the sky. were actually in the fallout area. they didn't stay there. they went back to the east to get out from under the debris falling. they had to wait 10 minutes for it to come down. did, they got appear to the confederate line and they saw a whole which measured 170-200 feet in length. 60 feet wide. 30 feet deep

right where we are would be elliott's south carolinians and goods virginia is to the south of the craternd you. rights artillery battery was positioned to the north in what is now a cemetery about 600 yards behind me. you had captain richard pegrama artillery here in the sail yenlt. and you also would have davidson's battery to the south behind you. and to my right out here on what was then called jerusalem plafrpg road is flaner's batteries. so basically, the confederates had artillery on the left, right, and in the rear. so when the union troops attacked through here, they were gore to get hit on three fronts. now at 4:44 a.m. a tremendous explosion ruptured the earth throwing men, cannons and a huge chunk of clay the size of a four room schoolhouse toward the heavens. the confederate casualties from the explosion were 44 killed outright, 234 wounded for a total of 278 known casualties. there were probably more. now when this stuff blew up an went up into the air, it's got to come down. so much went up that it took ten minutes for the debris to stop falling out of the sky. union soldie

the federal government, but they hadn't absolutely given up their right to be virginians or south carolinians or whatever. i don't know if i'm answering your question well. marshal talked about it in a lot of different decisions. i can get a biography. >> you're -- let me just say this. not in any of his letters of advice to get the sort of answers you're looking for. >> came out of the church with the american flag and a woman said patriotic. i have two flags. but i thought about it because i look up the word fascism. and i believe, this is me, i believe that americans born, americans and immigrants -- first let's talk about born americans. it's the lack of love for the nation. i don't feel there's a love. it's like i have this flag, it's like people look at me like what do i have a flag for. and as a teacher i bought the little flags. there's no r more. this is sad. but that's me. >> thank you for being who you are, really. yes, sir? >> did these letters touch on slavery and attitudes on slavery? i shouldn't say that. i think george mason in one of his letters discussed slavery a bit. but i

sounds of digging actually once they got up underneath this confederate battery were heard by south carolinian countermine goes over top of the union mine. they just didn't go deep enough. union mine was about 16 feet down at this point. the confederate listening galleries would go down about eight to ten feet. so they were right on top. yes, at night when it was quiet, they were hearing the sounds of digging below them. now the end of the mine would be filled with 8,000 pounds of gun powder. the initial battle plan was to blow up the gun powder, create a large hole in the confederate lines. the initial attack would be led by african-american troops and they would roll up the confederal lines to the north back behind me to the south behind you, then the rest of the troops would go through -- around the hole and capture blanford cemetery about 1,000 yards behind us here. if grant could get guns up on top of that ridge, he might have petersburg. >> watch more about the battle of the crater, including a look at how the attack failed. also, author kevin levin on contributions of the u.s. colored t

the sounds of digging were heard by south carolinian infant ry men. the confederates were looking for the mine, rumors were flying, and they were digging the they were digs what they call listening galleries. there was one spot where the confederate counter-mine goes over the top. they didn't go deep enough. it was about 1 feet down at this point. the confederate listening galleries would go down about 8 to 10 feet, so they were right on top and yet at night when it was quiet, they were hearing the sounds of digging below them. thel the initial battle plan was to blow up the gun powder, create a large hole in the confederate lines. the initial attack would be led by african-american troops, and they will would rolled up the confed rad lines to the north, then at the rest of the troops would go around the hole and captured blandford cemetery about 1,000 yards behind here. >>> watch more about the battle of the crater. also author kevin levine, and how they were remembered in the years immediate following the civil war. that's tonight at 8:00 eastern he

a south carolinian. we'll see a lot of him here at cold harbor.second corp is under rich richard you'll and he's replaced. a former prosecutor, strong willed, guy. a fondness for former prosecutors having been a prosecutor myself so we'll see how he performs here at cold harbor. the confederate third corp, commanded by ambrose powell hill, a virginiian out of culpepper county. ap hill had been quite ill. he's now commanding the larnger remnant of stone wall jackson's old confederate first corp as well as his former lieght division. one thing, most people haven't really focused on that i would make an interesting story system and being a storyteller and historian i'd like to write a back about it some day. he had the unusual talent of dating women who later married union generals. and it's hard to figure out how he was able to figure it out ahead of time. most of you are familiar with the fact that he went out with miss marcy who, of course, married george mcclellan but he also went out with a young lady from baltimore, emily chase, and just before

people in south carolina, carolinians, will see this as an opportunity to get slaves. one of the most instructive raids, i think, that you read governor oformer south carolina, james moore, who leads 50 whites and 1000 indians, yamasee at others, down to florida, attacking the apalachee and others. he wrote about how destructive these rates were. exaggerated inbe those letters, but thousands were sold into slavery. some were incorporated into yamasee and creek communities. you had a number, like we said, maybe 800 that went to french louisiana to establish that connection and alliance. you had maybe 1000 or so that relocated to the savannah river area to be under the protection of the english. and they will participate in slave rating after that. ok, the last thing i want to mention about this before we move onto something else is the end result of the slave raids is devastating for the spanish and for florida. and florida is largely depopulated of indians -- not completely, but largely. the other thing is it pretty much ends the mission system. a mid-18th-century map,

right where we are would be elliott's south carolinians and goods virginia is to the south of the craternd you. rights artillery battery was positioned to the north in what is now a cemetery about 600 yards behind me. you had captain richard pegrama artillery here in the sail yenlt. and you also would have davidson's battery to the south behind you. and to my right out here on what was then called jerusalem plafrpg road is flaner's batteries. so basically, the confederates had artillery on the left, right, and in the rear. so when the union troops attacked through here, they were gore to get hit on three fronts. now at 4:44 a.m. a tremendous explosion ruptured the earth throwing men, cannons and a huge chunk of clay the size of a four room schoolhouse toward the heavens. the confederate casualties from the explosion were 44 killed outright, 234 wounded for a total of 278 known casualties. there were probably more. now when this stuff blew up an went up into the air, it's got to come down. so much went up that it took ten minutes for the debris to stop falling out of the sky. union soldie

georgia boys forming more to the south, martins north carolinians down below that and johnson ccens, the confederate line. during the darkness of tonight, there would be the tramp of soldiers on either side infantry pouring here into old cold harbor. sunrise on june 1. the head of anderson's first corps starts to march down into this area and reached an area known as the allison house. you'll see is it on the old maps. anderson is going to launch a two-pronged recognizance and hope. fully take the place. he wants to have him move down this cold harbor road. he will follow a path from the allison house over toward old cold harbor via church. anderson's foray is going to be a disaster and it's going to be a disaster because of changes made in the confederate command structure. a couple of days earlier, lawrence kits had come through richmond. he had brought with him a new regiment. it was called the 20th south carolina. and it was huge. had about 800 people in it. it was called by the other soldiers the 20th south carolina corps, because it was so big. confederates weren't used to seei