in lyndon johnson had them removed. who does that? [laughter] as a level -- it took you a long time to figure that out and when you do any found the pages he found that people didn't like him in school. >> no. he had the nickname little johnson and it means what do you think it is. but when you came across, and someone said to you why are you bothering me with these questions. it's all there in black and white. and i said where in black and white? and he said in the yearbook, and i said i must've missed those pages and she had a copy with the pages still in their room when i turned to those pages they were gone. and there are moments that i say what sort of an individual am i dealing with. he is 21 years old and he takes the trouble and has his pages cut out of almost all the copies of the college yearbook. and he didn't do it when he was president, he knew at 21 he had to get rid of those pages. it was an amazing thing. >> it's interesting and i'm curious if it's a incidence or not. you've chosen two men, moses and johnson to devote

lyndon johnson is a genius. he does that have any power, , t he realizes therere is one thing he has that no other congressman has. groups of people. he knows thehe texas oilman and contractors who need favors from the federal government and he -- and are willing to pay to get it to give campaign contributions, and he knows the northern liberaral congressman who need money for their campaigns. he arranges that all this s mony be given through him, and that creates powerful stuff and there is a list that i found in the johnson library that was just remarkable. we wonder, how do you prove that economic power has such an effect on political power? economic power creates political power sometimes. list.e it all in this the list is typed by one of johnson secretaries. there are two typed columns. on the left of the name of the congressman asking for money. messenger column is how much money he is asking for. small amounts, tiny amounts by our standard. but in the left-hand column, left-hand margin next to the congres

lyndon johnson had a certain empathy as well.be both of them having come from poor backgrounds made them closer to seeing people who were in trouble and feeling for them. he taught at a small mexican-american school and saw the pain -- he was a kid in college at that time, taking off a year to make money. he saw the pain of prejudice and he really wanted to help them. and he changed those kids' lives. whereas for franklin and teddy roosevelt, empathy didn't develop until they actually went into politics. teddy said that he was going in for an adventure. get in the state legislature. he thought it might be fun. but once he got there and saw tenement houses and was a police commissioner later and he saw what the slums were like at night, then he developed what he called a fellow feeling and desire to help make their lives better. and fdr's polio made him a more otherarted man to whom people that had fate deal them an unkind hand, and now him, so he could relate to them better. david: the leaders you write about, many of them had pr

to get a chance to vote against lyndon johnson's war in vietnam. he wanted to put vietnam on the ballot. gene mccarthy scored what was considered a resounding victory in the new hampshire primary by coming in such a strong second to the president of the united states, and by the end of that week there was a second challenger to president lyndon johnson from within his own party, new york's democratic senator robert kennedy jumped into the race against lyndon johnson. we had never seen anything like this, two power challengers against an all-power incumbent democratic president who had won a landslide in the last election, and the pressure from these two challenges against the incumbent president forced something no one saw coming, something that shocked the country, the president of the united states giving up, withdrawing from his own re-election campaign. >> i shall not seek and i will not accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president. >> no one who saw that can forget that moment. and then all hell broke loose in the democ

if you want to know lyndon johnson. and for the most part, you know, the reviews have been favorable for his mastery of the political process and for the instincts for the things he wanted to do. on the otheres hand, thus far at least, have had i would argue a very different response, reflecting the different flavor, the different atmosphere of the nixon oval office. a note about the book for our viewers, these surveys by presidential historians look at presidents after they have left office. so this book includes up to president obama. again, you can find this book if you go to www.c-span.org /thepresidents. all processes go to our nonprofit education foundation. taking a look at where these presidents ranked by historian. number 12, barack obama. george bush comes in at three thirds. at number nine in this survey. marie's, east dublin, georgia. independent. caller: i would be a bit more circumspect and discerning than mr. smith and as much as i would say that fdr was transformational societally and reagan was maybe tr

even after winning the election of 1964, lyndon b. johnson was not clear about what to do with what he called the little shit country in asia. the tapes and documents of the time indicate he knew he could not win in vietnam. he nonetheless chose war. when nixon was elected in 1968, he ordered the strong-armed technique of massive bombing, to bring the north vietnamese to the peace table. from the statistics we reviewed in class, we learned the bombing became unconscionable, particularly when nixon admitted in what was dubbed the zilch memo that the bombing had no effect in the conduct of the war. nonetheless, nixon continued the bombing to have an effect on the upcoming elections of 1972. as has been our practice throughout the course, we have used music and film as examples of the culture of those who served in vietnam and the united states. it is a reflection of social history during wartime. let's listen to some music, quietly. there are other classes going on and right next door, they are giving tests. ♪ ♪ prof. white: for today's

the space center is named after lyndon johnson in houston. albert thomas, the congressman from houston, was part of the brown and root crowd that built dams for fdr. now they started building moon ports. he was powerful because he was head of congressional space appropriation. then senator robert kerr from oklahoma was the power of lyndon. kerr also wanted some of the dollars coming into oklahoma. after jack kennedy -- there are two big speeches of kennedy and they often get confused. march 25, 1961, he tells congress we are going to the moon. the next day in tulsa, oklahoma, all of the big companies and space enthusiasts, engineers, and scientists meet in tulsa. the next big kennedy speeches in 1962. the midterm elections is coming. september 12 he goes on a space tour to remind people of what he has done with nasa, which was considerable. in that year of 1962, john glenn on february 20 went into space for nearly five hours. he became the biggest hero since charles lindbergh. so kennedy in rice is going into the belly of the beast. with the

the fifth and final volume of his massive series, "the years of lyndon johnson," focuses on l.b.j.'ency and the vietnam war. but it's publication is not expected for at least another year. in the meantime, caro has written a memoir about what he does. it's simply titled, "working." part of our ongoing arts and culture series, canvas. >> brown: "power reveals"-- two words on the wall of an office in midtown manhattan. >> you do all the research aer then you sitand you say, what is this book about? is is the inner sanctum of one of the nation's leading historns, robert caro, now sharing some of the lessons he's learned over a more than x decade career. >> i learned it book by book as i went a said, well, i think i've learned some stuff, and i just want to pass it along, not as advice, but as one reporters, you know, people who are trying to find out the truth about things. >>kirown: caro began his wor life in the 1950s and '60s as a reporter inclung for "newsday." his first book, "the power broker", published in 1974, chronicled how an unelected oftcial, master builder rob moses, beca

lyndon johnson had the same problem. but he knew there were no reporters in the room, there were no cameras. he could sort of let himself go. and he did an imitation of dana carvey imitating himself. and i have to tell you, this audience of students, these were undergraduates, and they had no particular opinion of george bush one way or the other. but they were almost literally rolling in the aisles. and finally barbara bush had to pull out the hook and say, get him out of here. he's not a comedian. so that's what i remember about "saturday night live." and presidents. other questions and reactions? yes. okay. >> circling back to your initial talk about the president, this president and george washington, i'm assuming the lack of humor that is characteristics. >> one of the striking things to me about president trump is his what shall i say, his lack of observable sense of humor. and not even any attempt to fake it. i would have bet, i would have said before president trump was elected, of course, i would have said a lot

i was going back tthis sme at the end of the summer, and lyndon johnson at his desk said, ghou know, i think you to transfer to the university of texas." that's where he lived and that's where he had a tevision station and i sai th"mr. leader i don't anhave any money,he had "i'm going to get married, and i've got a job "in north texas in denton," he said, "i l give you a job-- - [don] ktbc? - [bill] ktbc the radio station which somehow mysteriously was the only station in the country that could broadcast all ree networks. (audience laughs) - i wonder how that happened. - they had a monopoly, the vorable gods were looking down, and i got a job with him. he had promised me that he would pay me a hundred dollars a week that was astonishing in '54. it was more than my father had ever made in his life as i said earlier and i went down and he worked me 40 hours a week buwe bought the first mobile unit in texas. and i used to tool around town study, covering accidents and murders and the state senate the state legislature and that was probably the biggest crime scene in austin. (audience la

marshalltexas, ra and there's a politicay, and for the first time in your life you see in person lyndon bais johnson, the senator of the state of texas. what did you think when you first saw him? - i was bowled over by the helicopter. (audience laughs) i was on the town square and the helicopter landed. traveled the state, this is the 1948 election, which he was beaten by 87 very consted and i have no doubt illegal votes down in the valley of texas. but he was campaigning hard in a helicopter, w didn't want to see a helicopter in '48 the first year that helicopters were used in campaigns? so i went down to the town square and when he got off the helicopter took his big stetson and tossed it into the crowd. now i d ter learned that he at at every stop and he had somebody on his staff who went and got the stetson and returned it to the helicopter at the next stop so he could toss it again. i mean i learned a lot about politics in that very moment. that realization that this was part of the game. at this was just not e had an endless supply of stetsons in the helicopter, but i remember tha

and lyndon johnson, who held every high office in washington, including president of the united stateson, he is trying to complete the fifth and final installment. he says they are not biographies but studies in power. you talk about power, and we all know the old saying, "power corrupts and all that," but you make a point of saying that it also causes things to happen. >> what i think power always does, bob, is reveal. when you're climbing trying to get power, often you have to conceal what you really intend to do or how you're doing it, because if people saw that, they might disagree with your aims or be afraid of the way you're doing it and not want to give you more power. >> schieffer: johnson always knew just how far that power would go. his first rule was never tell man to go to hell unless you can make him. >> exactly. that was a great rule. >> schieffer: i've always thought that johnson not only had a great ability to explain to people why it was in their interest to be on his side, but also why it was not in their interest to be against him. >> you know, john connolly once sai

right here in this room lyndon johnson visited. not only six times but signed a piece of legislation designated united nations day. it's fun the think of some of the people who sat on that couch. the wonderful relationship between president truman and former president herbert hoover. two men who had completely different political ideologies. but formed a very warm relationship in the post presidency. i like to think about mr. and mrs. truman visiting with eleanor roosevelt. i like to think about some of the popular entertainers and celebrities of the day. jack benny did an entire episode of the jack benny program at the truman library and visited this hone. and both mr. and mrs. truman had wonderful senses of humor. and i can only imagine the laughter that was in this room. >> we're standing in the dining room in the grand addition of the gates' mansion. later the truman home. and what we see on the table today is a formal setting for six. and the setting was personally placed by margaret truman daniel. and i think when she set thi

. >> john tyler, andrew johnson, chester arthur, calvin coolage, lyndon johnson, they were accidentalalls them thrust into the oval office when the previous president died. eight men that changed america, ceo of jigsaw and a sister company ocho google. pleasure to have you on. >> thank you for having me. >> fascinating book. what you talk about when describing these vice presidents who become president is the completely unexpected elements to it and it begins right at the start with john tyler who becomes president when william henry harrison dies supposedly because he got sick on his inauguration day but people didn't know the constitution was ambiguous whether the vice president became president. explain that. >> what the constitution says is that the vice president discharges the duties of president is there a vacancy. whether or not the vice president becomes president so john tyler who skips down after the inauguration and prepares for four years of irrelevance, finds out 30 days later william henry harrison is dead. he rushes back to washington because he know there will be a fi

historians, robert caro, on the four decades of work he's done on the multi-volume biography "the years of lyndon johnson." >> you know, when i was a newspaper man, i remember i hao ted havingite an article while there was still questions i wanted to ask. when i started to do books, i just started to say, i don't want to start writing until i've got all my questions answered, and it takes a long time. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, utrman, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 me lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a bet r at www.hewlett.org. w >> ah the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcas

on barry lyndon, i heard he went up to 100 takes.ving as a chess player and a photographer, to the short films he made as a young auteur, in which he did pretty much everything. each of his major movies is given a gallery, telling its story, presenting the processes, props and people with whom kubrick collaborated. this is where most of the show‘s contents have come from. the film—maker's home and h0 in hertfordshire, which was a sort of kubrick studios. ok, so, this library was the screening room. this was a workroom. so, the steenbeck was over there, the control table was over here. what connection was he wanting to make with the audience? he wanted to tell stories that made people think. he didn't spoon—feed you what you should think about his movie. and that's why, 50 years down the road, people are still discussing and talking about them. the exhibition ends with his oscar—winning sci—fi classic 2001: a space odyssey, complete with a space station v installation, and a range of archive material that brings us as close as we are

he sets a precedent as recently as lyndon johnson still holds.becomes president of the united states based on a precedence he sets in 1841. we didn't have the 25th amendment until the late 1960s which formalizes that precedent. >> you talk about in some ways, the most famous successions, certainly of the 19th century, lincoln's assassination and andrew johnson becomes president, generally regarded as the worst president in history. the puzzle, if you try to answer, how could many regard as the best president in american history have picked a vice president who ended up being the worst president in american history? >> that's precisely right, fareed, when you look at how we win presidential succession throughout the course of our history, it's easy to say we got lucky, we navigated it and ended up more or less okay. >> that neglects the reality we were supposed to get abraham's reconsideration and it gave us andrew johnson, a man born a racist, the last president to own slaves, resurrects all elements of the confederacy, which gives us the precurs

luckily, with me, he never really did that many takes. 0n barry lyndon, i heard he went up to 100 takesays, earning a living as a chess player and a photographer, to the short films he made as a young auteur, in which he did pretty much everything. each of his major movies is given a gallery, telling its story, presenting the processes, props and people with whom kubrick collaborated. this is where most of the show‘s contents have come from. the film—maker's home and h0 in hertfordshire, which was a sort of kubrick studios. ok, so, this library was the screening room. this was a workroom. so, the steenbeck was over there, the control table was over here. what connection was he wanting to make with the audience? he wanted to tell stories that made people think. he didn't spoon—feed you what you should think about his movie. and that's why, 50 years down the road, people are still discussing and talking about them. the exhibition ends with his oscar—winning sci—fi classic 2001: a space odyssey, complete with a space station v installation, and a range of archive material that brings us as

if you want to know lyndon johnson. for the most part, you know, the reviews have been favorable for his mastery of the political process and for the instincts for the things he wanted to do. on the otheres hand, thus far at least, have had i would argue a very different response, reflecting the different flavor, the different atmosphere of the nixon oval office. a note about the book for our viewers, these surveys by presidential historians look at presidents after they have left office. so this book includes up to president obama. again, you can find this book if you go to www.c-span.org /thepresidents. all processes go to our nonprofit education foundation. taking a look at where these presidents ranked by historian. number 12, barack obama. george bush comes in at three thirds. at number nine in this survey. marie's, east dublin, georgia. independent. caller: i would be a bit more circumspect and discerning than mr. smith and as much as i would say that fdr was transformational societally and reagan was maybe transf

. >> without question, lyndon johnson, he had all the moves. he knew how to use power.nd then when the war began to escalate and johnson didn't know what to do about it, he just started to flail around, and everything that he tried seemed to crumble in his hands. >> vietnam! hey! hey! >> low key minnesota democrat senator eugene mccarthy entered the race against his party's incumbent president with the express purpose of giving the voters a voice in the vietnam debate. >> campaign '68, the new hampshire primary. the big surprise of the first primary of campaign '68 has been the strength of senator eugene mccarthy. the volume with which new hampshire's voters today endorsed his effort signals trouble for president johnson's yet undeclared re-election bid. on the republican side, richard nixon entered the race to shed that loser's image he acquired in 1962 and '62. >> seems to be quite apparent from the early returns that we won't have to have a recount tonight. >> nixon, the only active campaign, ran far in front, even farther than expected, with 81%. >> mr. nixon, which

lyndon johnson, next, ragan, george w. bush.963, an interesting story to tell us why he closed the border. >> the assassination of jfk, there were things going on with russia back then that we only recently learned from the release of the warren commission document. that was lbj. jillian: richard nixon, operation intercepted. >> very interesting, 1969. what interests me about this is there was great praise, bipartisan praise when nixon shutdown the border. the washington post had an editorial praising him. it was a crisis the country recognized. rob: the washington post praise the republican president, that was not dissimilar from what we are facing now. the jfk assassination was one thing, this is more in line with what we talk about today. >> that is right. 1985, ronald reagan, the drug epidemic, was out of control, and kiki camarillo was murdered. the mexican authorities, state authorities covered up for the killers and reagan wouldn't have it. he shut the border down. we are not going to take them. jillian: talk about the dr

pelosi: do you know that when we did med-- when medicare was done by the congress at the time, under lyndon johnson, ronald reagan said medicare will lead us to a socialist dictatorship. this is an ongoing theme of the republicans. however, i do reject socialism as a economic system. if people have that view, that's their view. that is not the view of the democratic party. >> stahl: speaker pelosi is now the most public face of the democratic party, its most successful fund-raiser, and the agenda-setter. >> pelosi: what are democrats for? we are for the people. >> stahl: she works tirelessly, always on the move-- in three- inch heels-- at 79. >> bella: i like that. that one's a corgi. >> stahl: even when she takes time to visit one of her nine grandchildren, as she did recently with bella and her mother christine, nancy's 2nd, it's brief. >> pelosi: this weekend, i came from washington to san francisco. on sunday, i'll be in los angeles; monday, st. louis, and then chicago, and then new york, and then boston. and then florida. and then back to california. and then back to washington. >> sta

if i may say, to me the most underrated at least until fairly recently is lyndon johnson. because we still give kennedy the credit for all of the civil rights legislation, but it really was lyndon johnson who pushed that. we should give him a lot more credit. brian: he is seven, not 43. edna: that is true. how he managed to get that -- [laughter] brian: richard? richard: the most overrated president, and i am very specific, talking about the president is thomas caps on. people tend to forget the second term was a disaster. he imposed something called the embargo. which was designed to prevent war with europe's warring powers. it pretty much blew up in his face and had to be repealed subsequently. brian: can i ask you about the embargo act? did they really tiedown all american ships in this country for some 18 months? richard: in effect, they did. new england was the maritime part of the country. was already an area of suspicious. unintentionally, but it also contributed to some real divisions, fundamental divisions in the union. the most underestimated, in some ways i woul

this thing about lyndon johnson used social security, did not look at the record. he balanced it and we didn't spent social security until during the 1970's with the chairman of the ways and means committee started giving [indiscernible] we started draining the greenspan commission in 1983. greenspan commission came out inordinately high tax to take your of the baby boomers in the next generation. don't us understand me. have to act like all the baby boomers coming along, there is inething -- we foresaw that 1983 and we have said as a result of this high tax, section 21 of greenspan commission report says do not spend this money on any but social security. tiger, weike a finally got in 1990 george herbert walker bush on november -301gned into law section 13 that says the president and for budgetnnot use purposes social security moneys. just talking a moment ago by my distinct colleague from south carolina, he will try i guess to raise taxes and everything else and i would support it so long as we are not using taxes for any and everything but social security. you w

lyndon johnson said something lyndon johnson said something like, castro knew that kennedy wanted to kill him so he wanted to kill kennedy. there was a lot of speculation that castro may have ordered this himself. castro denies it. he visited mexico city short by turnover assassination and perhaps got some sort of signal or communication there. what we know for sure is that oswald, he was in the soviet union when the bay of pigs happened and was infuriated by it. he thought he was doing fidel castro a favor by going after john kennedy. indirectly, yes, i do think the bay of pigs definitely leads to the assassination of kennedy. it may have had a more direct link but that's very difficult, maybe impossible to prove. >> over here, please. i'll come to you in a second. >> yes. >> what's confusing to me is, if after the first day of the invasion, it became clear that the u.s. was behind it, and then if it was known after secondary air strikes on the 17th the invasion was doomed, are you basically saying that because kennedy was afraid of lighting the match against the soviet union, that

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constructions of the federal government power to regulate interstate commerce here but with the advent of lyndon johnson's great society, congress began a wholesale assumption of the states responsibilities. this was a done, it was done through a proliferation of programs that offered states and their subdivisions regulation written grants money for purposes that are acknowledged to be the sole responsibility of the states. congress found its authority to great such programs in an unfortunate supreme court construction of the constitutions spending clause, which empowers it to spend money, quote, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the united states. mischief lies in the words general welfare. during much of our history, the feeling was that phrase did no more than place a limit on congress' authority to spend by requiring the federal expenditures that serve national, as opposed to state or local purposes. beginning with the 1957 case of steward machine company versus davis, however, the supreme court has held that in its pursuit of the general welfare, con

historians, robert caro, on the four decades of work he's done on the multi-volume biography "the years of lyndon> you know, when i was a newspaper man, i remember i hao ted havingite an article while there was still questions i wanted to ask. when i started to do books, i just started to say, i don't want

luckily with me, he never really did that many takes. 0n barry lyndon, i heard he went up to 100 takesr career, from his earliest days earning a living as a chess player and a photographer to the short films he made as a young auteur, in which he did pretty much everything. each of his major movies is given a gallery, telling its story, presenting the processes, props and people with whom kubrick collaborated. this is where most of the show‘s contents have come from — the film—maker's home and h0 in hertfordshire, which was a sort of kubrick studios. ok, so this library was the screening room. this was a workroom. so the steenbeck was over there, the control table was over here. what connection was he wanting to make with the audience? he wanted to tell stories that made people think. he didn't spoon—feed you what you should think about his movie. and that's why, 50 years down the road, people are still discussing and talking about them. the exhibition ends with his oscar—winning sci—fi classic 2001: a space odyssey, complete with a space station v installation and a range of archive m

and what's ironic about this is -- lyndon johnson didn't want to go to war in vietnam, i don't hethink, but every decisio made led, what seems to be in retrospect, inexorably toward that end. o of the things you're most noted for in your tenure as national security adviser to president trump was putting together a national-security strategy that was comprehensive within the ainistration. it included our economic strategy. it included all elements of our defense strategy. was that a lesson you drew directly from yo research and your writings about vietnam? >> i do think it was, in large measure, based on the research i had done on vietnam but, really, the research i had done across the cold war period as a historian and then the experience i had in the '90s. and then, i think, in the early 2000s, the experience associated with precipitous withdrawal from iraq and the unenforced redline in syria, i think we actually swung from over-optimism in the '90s to almost, you know, pessimism or defeatism, even, in the 2000s and the belief that our disengagement from these complex problems oversea

it will make lyndon johnson change the change that. the law requires for these jobs bill moving if he does. well when you're. really focusing on the many good ideas and some very concerning. absolutely. thank. you to tell me what's happened with unit manager sununu meetings over these last five weeks in a way again when we didn't have a deal in the litigious meeting week of the general meeting which was held on in the city and it. lives in a wooden toys held on they had to get off the floor quarreling and anything to do nothing to think there's some reason why you didn't have it usual next month you manage just meeting hundred unit managers first. isn't about every month it is supposed to be every month and. yes it is supposed to be every man. but then i don't have any excuse for it really that. we work with gleason's just to say that though there was so much to do and did we can all focus on those cold we didn't learn to he said point you know it's one of the wanted to do it right on the other hand you didn't want to disappoint me thi