what i am planning to do today is to talk about james and dolley madison's lives before they were james and dolley madison. then consider their partnership and how it worked to both of their great advantage, because of it being such a wonderful partnership. so these are the gilbert stuart portraits of james and dolley painted when james was secretary of state. it's actually my favorite portraits of the two of them, i think they capture the sort of sense of personality that i see in them. and they have, i think, in large measure sort of created images that we have of them historically. dolley in her low cut, empire style cut dress with ringlet. james, sort of serious, cerebral and brainy with always a strip of hair coming down in the front and the receding spots on each side. he has that from when he was really young, actually. and of course, we know from emily's talk and many other ways that we consider him the father of the constitution. this is the charles wilson peel portrait of the series that he painted from philadelphia but it somehow got to tulsa. whenever we see him in the paint

so james madison's primary political goal is unity. if we keep that in mind as we go on tonight, dolley madison's work is going to become understandable. and the second thing i would also sort of like to say that is something that we know the end of the story. so we know that this nation is going to be a strong nation state with a democracy and a two-party system and a strong president. and that was none of those things what were the founders had intended. so now, we look back and we see that period as a period of growing pains and we see that dolley madison, well, obviously not knowing how this is going to end, was the perfect person to help the nation ease into what it's going to be. susan: here she was with the father of the constitution, serving then as the chief executive of the nation. so he brought a real concept of how he wanted this role to be carried out. how did he approach it and how did she help him? catherine: well, you said concept, and i think that's perfect, because he was the idea guy and he was very theoretical. and h

. >> it was aaron brought a letter that james madison wishes to meet her. >> she carved out a space for women where they could wield a great deal of political power. >> here, dolley madison would sit at the head of the table and direct the conversation. >> she got these people to the white house and entertained them, got them together, got them talking. >> this is very important for dolley to make everyone feel welcome. whether they were enemies or allies. >> dolley popularized the style to american fashion, that was considered her classic look. people noticed it. >> the octagon, it was the perfect setting for james and dolley madison as they try to resume government as quickly as possible. >> she sat side by side with madison for almost 20 years during his entire meant, helping him compile his papers. >> she moved back to washington d.c. and became a grand, very much behind the scenes in the political field again. >> as henry clay said, everyone loves mrs. madison, and then her equally famous response, that's because mrs. madison loves everybody. >> dolley madison came to her service a

s would with us for this 2019 james madison lecture.ssor wood is, i think it is fair to say, the dean of early american historians. he is a professor emeritus at brown university, born in concord, massachusetts, where the revolutionary war began. he was raised in that commonwealth and graduated summa con la out of from tufts university and earned a phd from harvard university, where he studied under bernard phelan.

that is a church, though, john that every president since james madison has attended at least one church service there. we should note that last night john protesters were kept further away from the white house. that avoided the situation we learned of that happened on friday night when we were told, john, that the president was taken to an underground bunker after protesters came quite close to the fence on the north lawn of the white house. a pretty extraordinary situation. last night, john, secret service officers kept protesters further away. beyond lafayette park in front of the white house. >> jeremy diamond for us in washington, d.c. thank you very much. >>> president trump says that antifa, that's this group is behind the protests around the country. he wants to label them at terrorists. is that even possible, legal? what's he doing here and why? that's next. can my side be firm?

every president since james madison has attended at least one service there. 62,000 national guard troops deployed or on standby across 27 states and d.c., brian. >> unbelievable. looters storming stores in new york city. we watched this all night. smashing glass, leaving nothing behind. we did not see much police presence. we have live team coverage, matt fin is on the ground where this is all -- it all began in minneapolis. we begin with aishah hasnie, live in new york, where those looters have left some major damage behind. aishah, you live around there. what are you seeing? >> reporter: good morning to you guys. yeah, it is chaos out here. now, most of the looters have left so things are a lot more calm than they were just about an hour ago and what we're seeing right now is that the nypd are sort of moving to different sections of this neighborhood. it's called soho, it's a shopping area, a lot of big brand stores like chanel, gucci, they were looted this evening. now, they're doing this, they're moving around because there are still groups, smaller groups of people walking around, p

veterans memorial, andhe the church that every president has worshiped at, since going back to james madison. then president, those are people who are set on undermining our nation. my goal today is to come to the floor toal talk about our rebuilding our nation as we recover from the coronavirus. last week the memorial d day service in wyoming are reflected on america's h heroes. and the sacrifices that so many have made for the rest of us. so talk with people than wyoming and traveled the state. i am reminded how self reliant and how independent and resilient we are as americans. the worst of coronavirus now does seem to be behind us. people want to get back to work. economy forcefully shut down by the government is now showing life.of businesses are starting to reopen. as was in the west, it is time to get back in the saddle. were going to reopen our communities and were going to do it smartly, safely and soon. every governor needs to speed, not impedess the process people can return to work. just as important our children need to get back to school. it is critical. parents know how import

the world war ii veterans memorial and the church every president is worship since going back to james madison, madame president. those are people who are set on undermining our nation. madame president, my goal today is to come to the floor to talk about rebuilding our nation, rebuilding our nation as we recover from coronavirus . last week at memorial day services in wyoming i reflected on america's heroes and the sacrifices that so many have made for the rest of us. i talked with people of wyoming and traveled the state i'm reminded how self-reliant, how resourceful , how independent and resilient we are as americans . the worst of coronavirus does now seem to be behind us. people want to get back to work. the economy forcefully shut down by thegovernment is now s showing signs of life . businesses are starting to reopen you as we say in the west, it'stime to get back in the saddle . we're going to fully reopen our communitiesand we're going to do it smartly , safely and soon. every governor needs to speed not impede the process so people can return to work. just as important, our children

as james madison said in federalist 43, in the nation's capital city was situated within a state, it could be subject to undo influence of the state. that's not the intent of our federal government. that's not the intent of our district that's been set aside. and that's what would happen under this bill. my colleagues across the aisle believes excluding a federal enclave from this new state would nullify the need for a constitutional amendment. but that's simply not true. the original text of the constitution is clear. congress has the power to create states from two sources -- a territory or an existing state that agrees succeed as territory to become a state. washington d.c., is neither of those. it is the nation's only federal district and it is set aside for a specific purpose. congress does not have the authority to take this district and create a state out of it. at least one constitutional amendment would be required for that to happen. during the markup of this bill, i personally raised these constitutional concerns and offered an amendment to provide an expedited procedure t

in a strangely prophetic letter to james madison in 1790, he complained about marshall and said, " we need to find something better to do with him to get him out of the way. nothing could be better done then to make him a judge." that was, became true much to jefferson's chagrin. the theory would be that william johnson would be an ardent supporter of the jeffersonian approach to things. one small problem -- they selected him on the recommendation of the secretary of treasury, name sent to the senate, confirmed, james madison sent him a letter saying congratulations, would you accept? a strange pattern in those days. no due diligence was undertaken, and they were unaware of the fact that johnson, while on the south carolina court, authored an opinion which, if it had come to light, would have given at least gastric distress if not apoplexy to thomas jefferson. why? in that opinion, he did two things that were anathema. he recognized the heresy, as it was put, of implied powers, and he recognized the constitutionality of the bank of the united states. this is why i refer to william joh

no former second lady lynn cheney and his is the life of james madison. she was joining conversation bike for vice president, cheney at the nixon presidential library in 2014. >> he was the architect of the constitution. the architect of the bill of rights trading he was crucial to the establishment of the government under the constitution. he was president during the first award under the constitution. and he performed if not magnificently in all of those jobs, at least very well. as at the end of his presidency, john adams it was kind of us our figure. not given to making compliments easily. if john that james madison administration and covered itself and more glory than any of his predecessors. there's a great complement because his predecessors are washington, jefferson and adams himself. i do think he is been underappreciated and it has been really so much fun. and oh five years of labor doesn't sound like so much fun but discovering things and being able to put into a form that help would reach a wide audience. and as the book is called, reconsideri

donald trumps of former defense secretary james madison's issued a sharp condemnation of the u.s. president's handling of the protest writing in the atlantic magazine not his describes the president as the only president in his lifetime who does not try to unite the american people but instead tries to divide them he also calls the response to the civil unrest a threat to the us constitution not us resigned in december of 2018 in protest over trans policy on syria and long refused to public publicly criticized a sitting u.s. president. let's get you briefed on some of the other stories making the news this hour parts of brazil are relaxing social distancing measures designed to contain the coronavirus in some cities parks and churches have been reopening despite the death toll continues to rise brazil reported a record $3949.00 deaths on wednesday taking the national total to above $32000.00 . russia's president has declared a state of emergency over a fuel spill in a region of siberia last friday some 20000 tons of diesel leaked into waterways after a fuel reservoir collapsed at

s would with us for this 2019 james madison lecture. professor wood is, i think it is fair to say, the dean of early american historians. he is a professor emeritus at brown university, born in concord, massachusetts, where the revolutionary war began. he was raised in that commonwealth and graduated summa con la out of from tufts university and earned a phd from harvard university, where he studied under bernard phelan. he taught at harvard and the university of michigan before joining the faculty at brown in 19 629. a prolific author, professor wood has one numerous awards. in 1970, his book "the creation of the american republic, 1776 to 1787" one the bank coughed -- the bancroft prize and he has won the pulitzer prize for history. the americanization of benjamin franklin was awarded the julia how prize the boston authors club in 2005 stop this volume liberty,"empire of history of the early republic" was given the association of american publishers award for history and biography in 2009. the american history book prize by the new yo

by the way that's every president since james madison at

presidents and now former second lady lynne cheney revisits the life of james madison, she is joined in conversation by former vice president dick cheney in 2014. >> he was the architect of the constitution, the architect of the bill of rights, he was crucial to the establishment of the first government under the constitution, he was president during the first war under the constitution and he performed if not magnificently in all those jobs at least very well. at the end of his presidency, john adams who was kind of a sour figure and not given to making complements easily, john adams wrote that james madison's administration had covered itself in more glory than any of his predecessors which is a great complement because predecessors was washington and adams and i think it's underappreciated. i know 5 years of labor doesn't sound like fun. discovering things and being able to put it in a form that i hope would reach a wide audience and -- and as the book is called reconsidering james madison's life. >> which was the most important contribution, the fact -- the contributions are enor

he's joining conversation by former defense secretary from james madison. find more information at booktv.org or consult your program guide. ♪ >> good morning and welcome to this club online program. i was honored to serve as deputy assistant secretary of defense in the 1990s. there are many issues today surrounding national defense in our literary. should the military be used for domestic unrest such as recent protests? should the u.s. be terminating many of our arms-control creeks? even contemplating nuclear testing. should the names of confederate leaders be removed from u.s. military bases and the doctors be removed from our public places? to address these questions and many more, today we will have a unique conversation between two recent secretaries of defense, doctor robert gates and general james madison. as a bipartisan secretary of defense, secretary robert gates served under president george w. bush and barack obama. he is the author of a new book, exercise of power, american failure, successes and a new path forward in the post-cold war. doctor

where presidents prayed since james madison. this president did not come to pray.efore. a useful backdrop. >> we have a great country. >> he didn't use many words. they weren't necessary. the image holding up a bible in front of the church was what he wanted to convey. inviting up staff. all white. perhaps not part of the script he intended. but a stark visual non-the less. >> one of the reasons the president was so eager to get out of the white house is because of the reporting that he was in a bunker on friday. and he was concerned according to our colleague that that made him look weak and so one of the reasons he wanted to get out and try to counter that image. and another thing i should tell you the white house is insisting that the protestors were moved part of a larger effort to expand the perimeter near and around the white house. in advance of the 7:00 p.m. curfew in washington. >> thank you. i appreciate that and the nice try for them on their part. joining me now. cnn historian and political analyst. i appreciate you joining us. gentlemen, what happened

by the way that's every president since james madison ad attended at least one service there 62,000 nationaluard troops were destroye were deplog on stand by in washington, d.c. steve: stores in new york city smashing glass and leaving nothing behind. aishah with us. as the sun comes up. you see the damage behind you. soon the owners will come and they will be heart-broken. >> that is absolutely right. in fact, guys. there is no shame in these looters. and, you are right. the sun is up. you would think that they would go home. there are still looters out here. in fact, in the last 15 minutes, i saw some folks get out of a car and walk up to this store, this moose knuckle store and literally jiggle the doorknobs to try to open the door as if they were going to walk in and see what was left. they eventually left. over here, look at this store over here. watches of switzerland. sells rolex watches. the good piece of news today i just talked to the owners. they have said they had already removed all of their merchandise, all of their jewelry so not a single piece of item was stolen. but lots of

there is an historic church visited by every president since made -- james madison been st. john's.oming 11:00 p.m. curfew is moments away, 13 minutes cure the nation's capital is law-enforcement, secret service continued to push protesters back from the area partially to get fire trucks down there. fires have been set within a block of the white house. secret's earliest obviously busy protecting the white house grounds themselves. we will take you to philadelphia in a minute but let's check in with charles moreno who was with us, former secret service agent, still with us watching this play out. charles, it looks like they are now very aggressively moving the protesters back away from lafayette park which we have talked about has been the scene of protests 365 days a year, mostly people right across from the white house there and it seems like they are pressing the perimeter back from where they've loud protesters to be the last couple of nights. >> yeah, that's right, shannon. if you look at the past three days and not just write the right house but across the country we have seen

and decided that they were going to fight with james madison. where the fathers of our constitution. and continue to say we don't want a to churches. >> perhaps you could comment counsel. >> that was one of two points i was hoping to make on the merits that every timethat the state . >> to that in its brief and i think most notably pages 30 and 31 and what madison was talking about will help support laws, preferential age of the church, even the state admits that in page 30 of their brief. there is zero founding era evidence that you could have a jury available benefit and then i get to an institution . >> chief justice thomas walks through the history of the opposite in his rosenberger conference that at the time of the founding when they cannot land in the northwest territory and other statutes to schools, included religiously affiliated schools and actually the tradition the founding is the opposite you can't disqualify them just based on the religious character you can have no compelled support, no preferential aid in the church and that dif

or james madison that is a big one. james monroe and to have a third term he could have had and there is a lot that can be done with monroe and in the modern context i am aghast there's not a biography on chavez. park said highways and mass monuments in california, everything yet nobody has invested in the life and times of chavez. so forget it i would like to write about washington but i'm intimidated there is so much i would take off like george washington at valley forge with the american memory i'm not so good in the revolutionary war. >> so sometimes stupid units or a piece of it. the biggest threat that what we do broadly put that it is now so good in the case of the regulation the monopoly of the networks and it turns out there is an enormous amount of talent i try to write short books worried about mission creep. however long it takes people to read a single blood, that time by and large is british crying dramas. >> him if you are watching really good british crime dramas? >> acorn tv? do this on - - subscribe? h

british rule and the enthronement of slave owners like george washington and thomas jefferson and james madison and therefore since that time we've been treated like counter-revolutionaries yet we've been treated like we're not a part of this society but on top of that we're still being treated as a result of the legacy of slavery as if we're criminals in waiting when until we confront those double issues i'm afraid to say that it will be difficult to suggest that the tipping point against a nother replication or duplications of a george floyd murder has not been reached professor should u.s. history should it be and world history should it be talked differently in the u.s. you know we've got like you said the story of the american revolution the founding of the us should that be told with the story of european occupation mass killings of native americans and the construction of a nation in part by slaves and then freed slaves who were treated like and then turned servants. clearly your question needs to be incorporated that is to say u.s. history needs to be totally revamped and reconfigured b

former defense secretary james madison accusing president trump of being a threat to the constitution in a remarkable and rare statement madison accuses trump of actively dividing the nation we are witnessing the consequences of 3 years without mature leadership says the general we can unite without him drawing on the strengths inherent in our civil society and it isn't just mattis over the past couple of days 2 former joint chiefs of staff have criticized the president's threat of using the military and overruling governors to put u.s. military troops in american cities rings so hollow to me when you have a secretary of defense and a general former general who essentially was carrying out a war that was never approved by congress that led to the deaths of millions of people across syria and who wanted to remain there and continue to fight wars in syria and across the middle east this is hardly a man of peace who is making these statements the mainstream corporate left in this car in this country you know always seems to forget you know i mean look of it they're the ones who elevated

were talking about would have never thought that certain things today by the way very quickly if james madison were here today and he looked around to what we were doing he couldn't believe we had a standing army central bank they wouldn't recognize this so that's for other people to decide yeah but these are great times i wish you'd hope and pray that it continues to peacefully be adjudicated abstruse or not i'm with you my friend as always appreciate the mastermind of the law here lionel. thank you so much. now as we enter the 12th day of demonstrations since the death of george boyd protests in the country have largely been peaceful but there have been still some pockets of violence erupting between riot police and demonstrators artist trinity chavez is taking a look at some nationwide coverage of america and chaos but before we do that i want to warn you some of the images you're about to see might be very disturbing to some viewers. today nationwide demonstrations push into a 2nd weekend but as demand for change grows across the country tensions are escalating coast to coast in los angele

. >> coming up, lashing out at james madison the last half hour critical comments made about president trump in recent interviews. >> images of the protest this week difficult to understand for children. advice from the american academy of pediatrics, how to talk to your children about what they are seeing and what you are feeling. ♪ discover what's possible for summer... at lowe's. >> as the george floyd protest continues so does the coronavirus outbreak with health officials that are worried that one could be fueling the fire with a story from rick jenkins in washington.. there are now about million cases confirmed in the u.s. in the coronavirus outbreak. it is still spreading. governors in all 50 states continuing to move forward with reopening their economies. on thursday, the vegas strip goes back to life as nevada's closure comes to an end. reopening scum of him unrest sparked by the death of george floyd. the task force reportedly monitoring the comments closely and raising for a spike in new cases , sometime later this month. >> >> there are also new concerns about the administ

now offensive where do you draw the line is it should george washington and thomas jefferson and james madison be erased from history what about f.d.r. and his internment camps you know he should he be erased from history or lyndon johnson who has a history of documented racist statements or the debate over statues is even becoming a hot topic in the halls of the u.s. capitol house speaker nancy pelosi says confederate statues should be removed from the capitol building but mostly maybe the most powerful woman in america but she lacks legal authority to remove the 11 statues of confederate figure is in a letter to the committee that oversees a statute she notes that at least 2 of them were charged with treason against the united states meanwhile in portsmouth virginia protesters tore apart a monument to the u.s. confederacy. such use of soldiers who fought to keep slavery were destroyed and spray painted with one falling on top of protesters angry demonstrators attached the monument up to 2 rights activists were arrested in the day. still ahead on al-jazeera more evidence in colombia that long

symbolic gesture, this, peter bowes, because this church of course has had every president since james madisonattending a service there, so it's known as church of presidents. yes. and clearly, the president is making that point. the same thought winter mind might as well. it's the similar him of this moment that the president clearly to get across to people, coming moments after that very strongly worded speech, and it isa strongly worded speech, and it is a symbol as far as the president sees it of the damage and the destruction that is being done not only in washington, very close to the white house, but in many, many cities around the country, as the president described it, the mindless violence, the attacks on innocent people and their businesses, and he talked about the help that he will eventually give to those business owners to get on their feet. these are businesses that are been suffering anyway, some from those here in los angeles, just on the brink of opening again and now their properties are in tatters, they have been destroyed or their front windows are out and many of their st

every president since james madison has visited this church. rioters threw molotov cocktails and bottles at them. the situation is so dire u.s. marshals are being deployed. the d.c. hassal guar. has been called up as well. the world war ii memorial vandalized as well. they are able to get it off of that stone. the president tweeting out the united states of america will be designating antifa as a terrorist organization. twitter suspended the account antifa underscore us. in a statement from sunday the on general bill barr said the justice department and fbi will be working to find the organizers and instigators of this violence. antifa is well funded. they want to find out who is paying for all this. the aclu are quick to respond and have issues with branding an organization as a terror group. i'll see you in 45 minutes. reporter: law enforcement racing for continued violent protests as tens of thousands national guard troops have deployed in 27 states. >> joining us to break it all down, what are the guard's orders? how do they work with local

progressives siding with the founders would say that the respect to impeachment and progressive sightings james madison and alexander hamilton about a high crime and misdemeanor. is a perfectly fine argument if you are an original list but puzzling if you are not and a lot of progressives believe modern times long for the modern institution and so to use that title living presidency to provoke progressives to make them think about what is a contradiction between the professed admiration for a changing constitution. but the soft spot for the founders presidency what is wrong with the imperial presidency over time or the imperial judiciary whose role over constitutional rights and accretion expansion changes over time? my second point is it systematically favors the presidency so it turns out if you have constitutional change of the informal variety of rather than article five it is best poised to deliver that change we expect presidents to have constitutional visions expect them to be pro-life or pro-choice or affirmative action all sorts of things including pro- or anti- shutdowns with respect to coalb

brian: do you understand how you get thomas jefferson, james madison, one thing had his they were brilliantes. how do we grow as a country cannot forget our past? president trump: you have to understand history and the culture. so many other aspects of our country and people can study that and hated unless all he did but you can't take that and take down george washington statue. half of our country is named after washington. we have to remember the heritage and the culture of our country. you know, this is less important but very important, some of the things that they are trying to destroy our magnificent pieces of art. have you ever seen an area where statue was removed and then you look at the area and they put asphalt over the top and that is the end? it was the center of a town north of village and now the statue is gone and the whole village is like a different place. here is the other problem i have. a lot of these people don't even know what they are taking down. i see what's happening on television and they are ripping down things they have no idea what they are ripping down but t

she served alongside our fourth president, james madison, from 1809 to 1817. ♪ >> dolley was both sociallydept and politically savvy.

where presidents have prayed since james madison. this president didn't come to pray. a fire damaged part of it the night before. a useful backdrop. >> we have a great country. >> he didn't use many words. they weren't necessary. the image holding up a bible in front of the church. was what he wanted to convey. inviting up staff, all white. but a stark visual. >> now religious leaders from various faiths condemned the u.s. president for the photo op. my colleague spoke earlier to the bishop of the church in washington. >> let me be clear. the president just used a bible. a sacred text. on one of the churches. without permission. as a backdrop for a message antipolitical to the teachings of jesus and everything the church stands for. as to do so, he sanctioned the use of tear gas by police officers in riot gear to clear the churchyard. i'm out raged. the president did not pray when he came. nor as you just articulated acknowledge the agony of the country right now. and in particular that of the people of color in our nation. who wonder if anyone ever -- in public power

john's church, where presidents have prayed since james madison. president did not come to pray. a fire damaged part of it the night before. a useful back drop. >> we have a great country. >> reporter: he didn't use many words. they weren't necessary. the image, holding up a bible in front of that church is what he wanted to convey, inviting up staff, all white, perhaps not what he intended but a stark visual nonetheless. >> reporter: one of the reasons the president was eager to get out of the white house for that photo op was he was angry about reports he was hold up in a white house bunker. kevin lip take reports that he was afraid that it made him look weak and was looking for a way to counter that. also as for the protests, the reason law enforcement pushed them back at the time that they did was to expand the perimeter near the white house ahead of a dc curfew. dana bash, cnn, washington. >> dahna, thank you so much. >>> joe biden was also at church on monday. he went to a black church in wilmington, delaware, to meet with community leaders.

she served alongside the fourth president, james madison. ♪ >> dolley was both socially adept and politicallyvvy.

he's joining conversation by former defense secretary from james madison. find more information at booktv.org or consult your program guide. ♪ >> good morning and welcome to this club online program. i was honored to serve as deputy assistant secretary of defense in the 1990s. there are many issues today surrounding national defense in our literary.

>> it became the conclusion of his national security advisers, and james madison, the secretary of defenseof staff, others that he was so reckless in his dealings particularly with vladimir putin, with turkey. that he was abusive to his allies, women heads of state. he was absolutely sadistic in terms of dealing with angela merkel, the chancellor of germany. and what the calls show, is that a president of the united states attacking his allies and having no command of foreign policy. to the point where these sources who are very high level decided and cultured his conduct that he was delusional, were the words they used, in the conversations. thinking he was acting in a responsible manner. >> tell me more about the president's bullying and his demeaning our allies. on women alleys, particularly angela merkel? >> he is called her stupid. said she lacked courage. played her in the hands of the russians, which is -- >> ironic? >> we will go with that world. as you see in the story that the germon government in response to my story said yes, that he was abusive and aggressive towards the chanc

by that test, even the most flawed white americans, andrew jackson, james madison, thomas jefferson,on, could be memorialized as imperfect people that ultimately gave us the civil rights act, the voting rights act. from seneca falls to selma, to stonewall the history of the country has been to -- we should focus our memory around those moments. perfection cannot be the goal. nothing on this side of paradise is perfect. it's a much overdue reckoning. this is like the fall of baghdad. it's like the fall of many of the former soviet republics. you see those statues coming down. what's really coming down in terms of the confederate ones is the death of the neo confederacy, which was a racist reactionary movement to invest the cat clichl of the war as white supremacy was becoming more entrenched. that's not a partisan point. that is a clear historically based view of it. i don't think there's any getting around that frankly. >> i would like you to put your professor hat on and evaluate from a historical accuracy perspective what president trump has tweeted. he tweeted it's been suggested

hoover is one of those very rare presidents - william howard taft comes to mind, sort of quasi james madison comes to mind. people who are, again, almost too rational, too cerebral, who don't have in their dna whatever that political gene is that enables a lyndon johnson, in the most extreme example, to thrive. >> what were the circumstances in 1932? did he run again? and what happened? >> he ran again. was nominated by a listless republican convention. one thing we haven't mentioned, of course, is prohibition. another issue that complicated life, particularly for the republicans, because by and large, they had a lot of rural supporters. the republican party was split on the issue of prohibition. >> hoover, again, a cosmopolitan figure who didn't mind taking a drink, but who was sworn, unlike warren harding, to enforce the law. and in 1932, he was on the unpopular side of the issue. i think by 1932, there were a lot of people, including original supporters of prohibition, that concluded that this experiment had not worked, and that in many ways it has backfired. >> so you had, he was carryin

the memorial to the james madison. and he lumps all the founders together. and founders were very different. for example, you know, washington freed his slaves at the time of his death. jefferson freed five of his 200, and madison freed none of his slaves. so, we need to make sure that we are clear about the positions of our founders. we also need to have much more balance. we need to add some people who's morality has stood the test of time. people like george wythe, who signed the declaration of independence and freed all of his slaves at the time he inherited them and he made a decision that said all people under the virginia bill of rights no matter the color they are, are entitled to the presumption of freedom. those are the people we should honor today. >> i want to ask you about grant. because how you feel about the protesters toppling grant's statue. he literally fought the confederacy, and some people are taking he owned a slave for a short time. and people are forgetting that grant's complicated history. especially when it comes to native americans