oh, so we're a colonial empire because german became lit a colonial power. so then they said let us show the word or so we, i, colonial power. then the study to with this quote, he ain't bailing with just only $52.00 straits coming out on his future dog streets . and then they went on extending to this quarter during the weimar republic, julian delagarza time, and at the end of 1958 there came here to the ghana street. but if we look at each exactly, it easier, colonial corta because you find it has 3 streets among different phosphates, which i named and a person. i'm this person's at the so called the founder of the colonies in africa . so this is one of those places you said is named after a person. can you tell us more about it? this is claire. here is name is glory. fine. mr. gustav knocked to god. mr. go stuff. not to come. was an africa explorer. he was in madison doctor and also he was a kind over dear pro much. so when did you must go to the colony? come at only handy toggle. come erin, was there plantation? colony? so people were brought down to sta

oh, so we are a colonial empire because german became lit a colonial power. so then they said let us show their work or so we i colonial power then they study to with this quarter. he ain't bailing with just saudi fis tossed fritz camaros furniture and douglas streets. and then they went on extending this quarter during the weimar republic. julian did last time and at the endy of 1958 there came here to their gonna street. but if we look at each exactly, it's easier colonial quarter because you find it has 3 streets. amongst the sprint frustrates which i named and pearson and miss pearson's address. so quote, the founder of the colonies in africa. so this is one of those places you said is named after a person. can you tell us more about it? this is claire. here is name is glory. fine. mr. gustav knocked to god. mister, go stuff not to come. was an africa explorer. he was at madison doctor and also he was a kind over dear pro much. so when did you must go to their colony? come at only. andy toggle. com. erin, was it plantation? colony? so people were brought

it's from the colonial period on. this is a consistent pattern in colonial indian warfare and then united states in wiping out villages during the revolutionary war, actually. but once it subjugated native people, what does it do? it relegates them to the worst tracts of land in the continent where they can barely make a living. and it takes their kids from them, takes their kids from them, and forces them into boarding schools to try to de tribe allies. that's my point about culture. the united states has signed on to a u.n definition of genocide. take a look at it. but i think the definition fits. it includes, by the way, taking people's kids from them. so, you know, this is this is a word. that understandably gets people's backs up. this makes people defensive. and let me say this. when you study native america like i do, you see the united states through a new set of eyes, is a valuable prospect to have. and i think everyone in this country would benefit by taking a deep breath and looking this difficult history s

was and is a bloodied business in the american context colonialism was characterized by colonial andigit is warfare which historians are characterizing as genocidal and the enslavement of literally millions of people the life ofrse of the colonies of the western hemisphere. so those are very difficult subjects to grapple with abs adult nevermind as young people, i don't envy educators who are teaching at the grade school level and try to address that topic. >> they come to you as aou guidance and you get context. >> i'm not an expert in childhood education i'm a professional historian and my job is to capture complex past and all the complexity and the job of those teachers on the front lines to distill the complex past andss digestible processable if you will chunks for young people. >> i think you t mentioned once that you often consult, you aree contacted by teachers at the lower grade levels. >> routinely and i share documents with them and i share points of interpretation. i must say i am completely at a loss at how one should teach colonial american history to young people, i'v

in other words, the children left in colonial times or during the neo colonial period. or maybe later in postcolonial time, they left to europe or to the west. that is africa and from there the exchange takes another form instead of inside to outside, from outside to inside. and not because others do something. but because the african children have positions which allow them to start creating relationships of a different nature. so as for myself, there is one important thing. first of all, the cameroon has a particularity, compared to where in the world, there are only 2 countries that have these characteristics as well. canada and cameroon, of both french and english speaking. they are both part of the commonwealth except the in canada. it is actually relatively the opposite. the english speaking part is a little more important than the french speaking part. and in cameroon, it is the french speaking part, which is a little bit more importantly, english speaking parts. and what i say generally, in fact, generally, the fact is that we in our country beyond that, we have

of the colonial mechanism. what happens is that they assimilate the subject as a historical mechanism slowly. you know, my, just, in fact we just follow up on that. have you personally for given the germans for killing your great grandfather greater when was it really, there are 3 things that are very important for me. the 1st one is that, as i often say, and we're family suffered a lot after our great grandfather died. and we kept from that period what we call a syndrome because our family suffered from direct consequences, but not only our family. and they were dar at consequences for the whole world sauer for the entire katya's community. i think in the sense that it was a moment when the 1st elements of our decadence, he appeared for me before the period of to all a manga, and in the intermediate period, to dwell on the sour in general. but especially the de waller. they occupy the entire region and live in great prosperity. the prosperity and expansion were extraordinary at a commercial level, at exchange

and the american contact, colonialism was characterized by colonial, indigenous warfare. which historians are increasingly characterizing as genocidal. and the enslavement of literally millions of people. over the course of the life of the colonies in the western hemisphere. and, so those are very difficult subjects. to grapple with as adults, never mind as young people. so i don't envy educators who are teaching it great school level. and trying to address the. top >> those teachers come to for guidance, you give content to these teachers? >> i'm not an expert in childhood education. i'm a professional historian. and my job is to capture complex past. in all its complexity. it's a job of those teachers on the front lines to help to distill that complex past. and to digest process-able if you will chunks for young people. >> i think you mention to me once that you often, honestly i don't say consult but your contacted by teachers. routinely, i share documents with them, and assure points of fact an interpretation but i must say i am completely at a loss with how one shoul

this is from isabel in colonial america. we saw instances of ableism that served as the foundation of society's current understanding and association of those with disabilities. at the same time. we also saw exception stabilism and ways that able-bodied people and those with disabilities easily lived and harmony through a modicum of accommodation without fear of isolation and discrimination. and from grace disability in the colonial period was determined on one's ability to work. physical differences alone didn't make someone disabled as the often dangerous colonial lifestyle meant that work accidents or illness left. most people impaired at some point in their lives. so long as someone was able to provide for themselves, they weren't disabled. okay. so today we are going to move on to talk about disability in the early united states. as you well know on july 4th, 1776 13 american colonies ratify the declaration of independence officially severing their political ties to great britain by that point military battles were alre

we observe life in these colonies and see. what changes are taking place there, no contingent, of course, remains the same on october 18 , 1993, the decision of the president of the russian federation, the decision of svoboda, the old-timers of these institutions never held a smartphone in their hands, and the newly arrived criminals are familiar with all gadgets, but the bestial essence of both of them manifests itself regardless of technology of our world. since the late nineties, prison rules and life have changed significantly, then the cell for convicts was a stone cage with concrete walls and rusty, a washbasin from which dirty ice-cold water barely oozed. not all colonies had a toilet, often it was replaced by a bucket with a lid, breakfast, lunch and dinner were few. what was the difference between the gruel in metal bowls, stale moldy, bread and water to move along the corridors, the colony was the ovaries could only in one position, leaning forward and high, holding their hands behind their backs with steel bracelets

oh, so we are a colonial empire because german became lit a colonial power. so then they said let us show their work or so we're colonial power. then they started with this quarter. he ain't bailing with just saudi fis tossed fritz camaros furniture and douglas streets. and then they went on extending this quarter during the weimar republic. julian there last time, and at the end of 1958 there came here to the ghana street, but if we look at each exactly, it is yet colonial quota because you find it has 3 streets amongst district phosphates, which i named and a person. i'm this pestilence at the so called the founder of the colonies in africa. so this is one of those places you said is named after a person. can you tell us more about it? this is claire here is name is glory. fine. mr. gustav knocked gul. mister, go stuff not to come. was an africa explorer. he was it made you seen doctor, and also he was a kind over dear pro much. so when did you must go to their colony? come on, andy toggle. ca maroon was a plantation colony. so people were brought down to s

these were also enforced in colonial and early national law. again, it's important to think intersectional. so, this law doesn't mention it, but who else was excluded from marriage in the colonies? minors, men and women under the age of consent, also enslaved people were prohibited from marriage. so, we are seeing the way that disability, the category of disability, can intersect with categories of free slave status, as well as age, and race. here is a voting exclusion from virginia in 1803. the amended constitution of virginia excluded people of unsound mind from voting. again, virginia is not unique. nearly all colonies and states excluded people deemed to be intellectually incompetent from suffrage. important, again, to think intersectional, right? who else is excluded from voting in this constitution? people of unsound mind are listed along with paupers, so poor people who are receiving state aid as well as soldiers and people convicted of crimes. and on stated exclusion here, the constitution does not mention it, but women also are exclude

but yet, this is a history of colonialism. never really occurred to me they were teaching a bloodless colonialism. that's a term that you've used. willis colonialism, which is a fantasy. >> that's what the thanksgiving story is all about. it is about indigenous people in european columnist making friends, right? the native 03 -- we hold up is that they had together as the symbols of the relations and then the natives disappear. actually signing over their country to the newcomers so the newcomers can establish the united states as a bastion of liberty, democracy, religious freedom and opportunity. that tail leaves out the details with which that there was this alliance between the english and native people. it went to and a hand basket in the space of a generation. there was a war and a war shortly after that we're gonna get into the history and we're also gonna return to the educational issues of the history wars as they're called, a little bit later. ron i want to talk a little bit about the holiday itself. thanksgiving. a b

in the colonial slave trade. the dutch prime minister acknowledges his country's past actions or a crime against humanity. and after years of pressure and demands for their restitution, germany hands back the bend in bronze as to nigeria, europeans linked to the artworks more than a century ago. last african photographers travel to molly's capital, one of the most important artistic and cultural events after a 3 year break. oh, mm hm. and we hear from one of the continents, most influential jazz musicians. ah, ah, i'm a healer mohammed. thanks for joining us. in an effort to come to terms with its colonial past, the netherlands has apologized for its role all in slavery. the country once had an extensive colonial empire in southeast asia, africa, and the americas. hundreds of thousands of people were enslaved and sold by dutch merchants over centuries. now, the dutch government is planning to invest in education and awareness programs to tackle racism. but the apology was not welcomed by every one. an apology for

ah who in that if, if she to turn there was a colony of the british, i've been a colony since 1920 officially sort of overseen by the colonial office in the utah . so the reality is, the british came here to take stuff, not to help us out. we have a group or white settlers with 100 some even thousands of acres of land living very lavish, had domestic life at the cost of the people who work for them. the british got a little bit greedy and we wanted more land ah one to go when we turn my back. why did yep. the mondo on get it that way? it up. i've got the apple. now don't. if you did not call, i said to le bar mill, few half can i think the cry and lou, i love to be put in prison for that reason. and that's why i said no. this is not to continue. i am the mother to join the last people who are fighting for aberration of our country board. you can not do pitifully, you cannot cheese through wall in earlier capital o, kenya, europeans and african. it's more the streets in fear of the dreaded mammal. what it is that band of an addict who is blended ito, caused an ark shadow across the face of ken

so his manner of planning to the future was limited by the colonial view and colonial reality. you and i, we originally from, we are a generation that lived in independence. this means that we are a generation that so the relative autonomy of their countries, regardless of who ruled the country. this means that those who run the country were originally from our villages. it was the leads which came out of our villages. and each of us had the opportunity to make plans for the future, for example, which the president of the republic spoke about. it is true that this is not about all africans, but they're met all. how is it called indians steel? it steal together with everything that the meaning of the world steel can include in the modern industrial society. i want to say that in our development, in our growth prospects, we already have billionaires to day. we have a whole lot of people have financial capacity and there are people at that in algeria, in, cameroon, and throughout the african community. they can get involved in economic relations, either by returning from outside t

ah who in that if, if she to train there was a colony of the british, i've been a colony since 1920 officially sort of overseen by the colonial office and the eucharist. so the reality is, the british came here to take stuff, not to help us out. we have a group or white settlers with 100 some even thousands of acres of land living baby lavish had domestic life at the cost of the people who work for them. the british got a little bit greedy and we wanted more land move delay when the guy, when we sat on my back, why did yeah. the mondo on get it that way. it up a cardiac over. now don't if you did not call a settler bar. mila few have committed a crime. and you are love, he'll be put in prison for that reason. and therefore, i said, no. this is not to continue. i am the mother to join those people who are fighting for aberration of our country board. you can not do pitifully, you cannot chief through wall in not only are capitol of kenya, europeans and africans walked the streets in fear of the dreaded mammal. what it is that band of fanatics whose bloody deeds have caused a dark shadow across

he's a historian, an expert on germany's colonial past. good to see you miss ed similar the been bronzes returning home after such a long time. how important is that? well, i think it's, it's a major step nigeria. it's a my major step for germany, for european powers colona powers in general to actually rest it over looted objects. and i think it's very important because germany, who was not the looter, accept a trans national responsibility for the games made for through colonialism. i think that is a principle which, which is very important and will become very important in the future because it says that if you profit from colonialism, even if your own soldiers haven't looted, haven't committed to via violence. you're still responsible and you're still bound to rush, to cute or make good fight. this is an important breakthrough formula channel in a box that today the germany must critically assess it's colonial past and listen to the victims. why hasn't that happened already? well, there is a lot of resistance to accept colonialism as t

puerto rico has remained in a state of colonial limbo that flies in the face of the anti-colonial values upon which the american republic was founded. congress unlimited plenary powers over puerto rico are reminiscent of the monarchical powers enjoyed by king george iii against which the founders of the american republic so bravely fought. if hamilton and madison were alive today, they would be shocked to see how the anti-colonial constitution they drafted in 1787 is currently used to legitimize colonialism in puerto rico over 300 years later. advocating now for the continuation of the status quo on the island is the height of hypocrisy. colonialism has destroyed the puerto rican economy. colonialism has destroyed the puerto rican -- has divided the puerto rican people. colonialism has eaten away our people's sense of dignity and self-worth. colonialism has made the people of puerto rico both psychologically and economically dependent on the united states. colonialism is not only humiliating for puerto rico but it is an embarrassment to the united states. the united states that holds its

we observe life in these colonies and see. what changes are taking place there? no , the contingent, of course, remains the same. on october 199 , 1993, the decision of the president of the russian federation was indicated. the animal essence of both is manifested regardless of the manufacturability of our world. since the end of the nineties, the prison order and life have changed significantly, then the cell for the convicts was a stone glue with concrete walls and a rusty washbasin, from which dirty ice water barely oozed. not all colonies had a toilet, often it was replaced by a bucket with a lid, breakfast, lunch and dinner were few. what was the difference between gruel in metal bowls, stale moldy, bread and water to move along the corridors of the colony was an esnik could only in one pose, leaning forward and holding the steel bracelets high behind his back. at the same time, it is necessary to spread your fingers, such a pose was popularly called a swallow. this position had to be accepted during numerous checks, otherwise the handcuffs would not put on

i've been a colony since 1920 officially sort of overseen by the colonial office in the utah . so the reality is, the british came here to take stuff, not to help us out. we have a group or white settlers with 100, some even thousands of acres of land living very lavish, had domestic life at the cost of the people who work for them. the british got a little bit greedy and we wanted more land ah delay one to got one with our am at their guardia. the mondo on get it that way it up a cardiac over. now don't. if you did not call, i said to le barman. few hath committed the crime and knew i love to be put in prison for that reason. and that's why i said, no. this is not to continue. i imagine to join those people who are fighting for aberration of our country board. you can not do pitifully, you cannot cheese through wall in earlier capital o, kenya, europeans and africans walk the streets in fear of the dreaded mamma for it. is there a band of fanatics whose bloody needs are caused an ark shadow across the face of kenya? oh mamma prize in was a peasant uprising. they was standing u

colonialism has destroyed the puerto rican economy. colonialism has destroyed -- has divided the puerto rican people. colonialism has eaten away our people's sense of dignity and self-worth. colonialism has made the people of puerto rico both psychologically and economically dependent on the united states. colonialism is not only humiliating for puerto rico, but it is an embarrassment to the net it states -- the united states. the united states that hold itself up as a leader of the free world, that sends up to imperialist tyrants abroad while keeping colonies in the caribbean and the pacific. puerto rico's colonial crisis is not a simple domestic issue as some erroneously believe. make no mistake. this is an international issue that directly affects america's standing and image around the world, which is what this doubletalk must come to an end. the time has come to fully d colonized puerto rico 100 years after the u.s. supreme court's decision and 70 years after the ratification of the territorial constitution of 1952. history calls

now germany has become the 1st formal colonial power to hand back. some of the artworks more will follow in the coming years for us with some today just tells us about restitution. israel backed all the promises or the commitments back i've been made. i've been are beginning to be fulfilled and this is where the bronze statues will be exhibitors and you museum as being built and been in city and southwest a nigeria. the cities bronze tradition continues to this day. i, when i say is a bronze cancer like his father and grandfather beforehand, he tells us he's only ever known the been bronzes from european museum catalogues. how can i really get the act? what did you, what brigitte? duck, our job back to believe? because to see very were clearly what are what i was producing, we will get it on greets and yes, what i say is why we are going to be wanting to come back and i was operate the new museum won't be finished for a few years. but already the return of the treasures is a milestone in nigeria fight to regain it. stolen cultural heritage. earlier i

we don't colonialism. so i don't dig a what i used to them, but i was, i have spoken to people, one of the colonial apologists, and nickelodeon is julian, and good. you know what it is in order to go to the bloodstream, the blood of jesus, and they try to make these kind of a great did you do, did you that's quite a powerful point to leave it on. professor capital coma historian and senior fellow of the narrow memorial museum and library in new delhi. it's been a pleasure to have you on the program today. thank you very much. thank you very much and we sure would like you to thank you. ah, the russian lead commonwealth of independent states members are stuffing up trade in the national currencies, which president vladimir putin has praised, going on going yet informal summit of the 5th leaders in saint petersburg. to run the some good. still, states have become more active in using national currency to mutual settlements was aimed in the commonwealth. and we have coordinated our efforts to work on import s

bringing that back home to the american colonies. i talk about this extensively in my book black flags, blue waters. the history of america's most notorious pirates. i also talked about the fact that the golden age of piracy. the second part of it. in the 17 -- it was partially lawrence because many british privateers who had worked and had been privateers during the war of the spanish succession. when that work included in 1713. suddenly they were thrown out of work basically. britain was going through a depression. so a number of them possibly even black beard took the skills they have learned being a privateer's men. and they applied to becoming a pirate during the american revolution the american privateers. there were not legalize pirates. so they had a code of regulations that they operated under. and they didn't just attack -- their word enemies of all nations. they didn't attack any ship afloat. they attacked british ships or ones that we're bringing british munitions to the british military. and there was a very formal proce

but from here you can see the birds flying over the colony. this is the usual walking yard. five steps long, three steps wide, and a double metal grille. and, of course, a video camera. yes, of course, this is a walking yard, uh, a convict, who we have under strict conditions, end of punishment. they are taken out daily for a walk with us for an hour and a half, which is kept under normal conditions. the end of punishment is taken out for a walk for 2 hours daily. uh, this walking yard. as you noticed, video cameras are equipped for constant supervision of convicts. the country of administration here is convicted. during a walk , they can smoke and the exercise yard is equipped with a horizontal bar. hmm, convicted, respectively, they can play sports at the same time as walks. a sewing workshop for lifers is not only a way to earn money, but also an opportunity to pass the time. it is here endlessly and every convict is under constant control in all premises of the institution in residential and working cells. in the walking yards of the medical unit, installed with a video

i've been a colony since 1920 officially sort of overseen by the colonial office in the u. k . so the reality is, the british came here to take stuff, not to help us out. we have a group or white settlers with 100 some even thousands of acres of land living bay. lavish had a mistake life at the cost of the people who work for them. the british got a little bit greedy and we wanted more land move delay. when they got one, we sat on my back. why did yup pneumonia and get it that way? it up of cardiac over. now don't if you did not horrible. i said to la mormillo. few have committed that crime and new i love, he'll be put in prison for that reason. and therefore i said no. this is not to continue. i must to join those people who are fighting for aberration of our country. what you can not do pitifully. you cannot chief through wall in not only a capital of kenya, europeans and africans walked the streets in fear of the dreaded mammal. while it is that band of fanatics whose bloody deeds have caused a dark shadow across the face of kenya. oh, mamma presume, was a peasant uprising.

indeed, privateering spurred a spectacular frenzy across the colonies. it was sort of like a mini stock market where people took out shares in privateers and their expected success. among the more illustrious speculators was general george washington, who invested in at least one privateer. appropriately enough called the general washington generals nathaniel green, henry knox, as well as paul revere, also invested in privateers. now, privateer captains were typically known by the ship owners, and they were contacted directly to take over the privateers. elias senor, shown here character. he was issued the last letter of marque in the entire american revolution in march. of 1783. by the other story i want to tell about elias is i was writing this book. it was during covid and my daughter, who is now a junior literary agent in new york city, was home. she was about 22 at the time. and was home. and when i came across this picture, i showed it slowly because i thought he was really handsome. she took a look at it and said, you know, dad, i really could get

the employees of the colony slightly open the massive metal door.lives now, as if still living, just now alone yesterday, while we met, he again speaks of his wife, with whom the term has already been signed here. she is a young, beautiful biter. well i love this thing. well, the girl, why did she quarrel with her, she also tries to do the same with me, but no matter how we have it. we 'll find out anyway, if god will let me give out from this we will be together anyway. it so happened in our life that ours can not be started. the camera behind the sewing machine murderer vladimir chicken yes, i think, of course, you fulfill the norms well in the specialty for a free life already mastered ready. all those who live in the mordovian colonies, as well as ordinary people at large, are completely different, they are united by one criminal past and the shed blood of innocent victims. many of them have already applied to the court for conditional early release. all have been denied on the grounds difficult in guiding the satisfaction of the petitioner's re

we're talking about a legacy of colonialism and slaying high segue. why are you why you fixated on one pass and why you think solution on the messenger? ralph is a message just vaguely messenger is the message. i think what we're seeing here is a way in which conversations have been used to legitimize this for us in their defense in court. the government stated that they spoke with enough people to be able to present this. the people that they spoke with at the time had no clue that then later on 4 months later, however, months later they will be you, in this government push to force this apology on to communities. what we're seeing is white school manipulation. and we're seeing a lot of people actually going ahead with it because of different ways of thinking . oh, it's going to be okay. i want to chat. look, let me share with you sent to us because i think it pressure point in just a single image. so i'm going to share it on my laptop, you can describe what we're seeing, and then we're gonna move on with some other contributors to the show would lik

crucially, closely to those who are the victims of colonial cruelties. it is a readiness to talk and listen that makes today's returns possible. >> soldiers looted in 1897 from the palace here. there was so to collectors all over europe. now germany has become the first ever colonial power to hand back some of the artworks. more will follow in the coming years. >> all of the promises and the commitment that have been made are beginning to be fulfilled. >> this is where the bronze statue will be exhibited. the bronze tradition continues to this day. he has only ever known them from the european museum catalogs. >> we are very happy. >> the new museum won't be finished for a few years. nobody, the return of the treasures is a milestone in the fight to regain it stolen cultural heritage. >> earlier i asked this historian about the significance of the handover. >> i think it is a major step for my cash for nigeria and germany and for european powers, colonial powers in general to actually rested to those objects. i think it is very important because germany

east had driven the colonies more and more defiance. the boston massacre led to the boston tea party, which led england to pass the intolerable acts. so so the port of boston up in massachusetts it was closed outright to assembly was being denied english, were being housed in private homes and outright to a jury of our peers was being denied in many many cases you see the rights our forefathers had brought with them from england were at. now one of the key questions of that time was who had the right to tax colonies was it our own elected government or was it parliament in which we had no representation? you see, in 1774, lord dunmore had dissolved the house of burgesses, leaving virginia with no effective government. and so it was in these somber times that the leaders of virginia decided to meet here in richmond and right here in this church. peyton randolph was elected president of the convention just as he had served as president for the first continental congress the summer before, among the men in attendance at this convention wer