which he helped initiate the human genome project in 1984 and the personal genome project in 2005. it is a delight to have you with us. after george speaks, debora spar will talk about what she has heard and ask the first question for jamie metzl and george to answer. deborah is another superstar, the former president of barnyard university, she's now professor at harvard business school and senior associate dean of harvard business school online. her new book, work made mary love, how change shapes our human destiny, will be released in august. after that, daniel kraft will moderate questions and answers based on questions raised by you. anyone can pose a question and the ones that are uploaded the most will rise to the top. we encourage you to post questions throughout the session. the stanford and harvard physician scientist, inventor, entrepreneur and innovator, chair of medicine for singularity university and the founder and chair of exponential medicine, a program that explores rapidly developing technology and the potential for biomedicine and healthcare. with that, what an

but we don't have a disease genome. we don't have a healthcare genome. we have a human genome sardines are in many ways the blueprint for what we have at least the potential that these arrange a possibility so we're going to be experiencing genetics outside of the realm of healthcare which is already having through direct consumer genetics but it's going to get much bigger and it's going to touch a tougher more challenging issues like identity. parenting. and then perhaps the most profound application or among the most profound will be how these technologies change not just the way we make babies and will shift towards more of that option of idea and embryo screening and gabby's amazing book is coming out in august talking about this. but also it will change ultimately and over time the nature of the babies meaning. so this is this very, very profound conversation and it feels like this is a conversation about science and without the science we wouldn't even be having a conversation . ultimately, this is a conversation about ethics. because all technolog

sequence which resulted in the first genome sequence to help initiate the human genome project and is just a delight to have you with us and then what she has heard and asked the first question for james and george to answer the former president professor at harvard business school and senior associate from online. her new book will be released in august. after that then moderate the question-and-answer session based on questions raised by you on the facebook site anyone compose a question and then those that will rise to the top of the list we encourage you to post questions throughout the session. entrepreneur and innovator. chair of medicine for singularity university and exponential medicine a program that explores rapidly developing technologies in biomedical and health care so with that what an incredible lineup jamie kick us off. >> it is an incredible honor this is my dream team and everyone on earth to join me in any event like this just the people that are on this call now so thank you into a great cohost and with those sourcebooks to say i love my publisher but i happen to

modern science looks at this genomic smallpox of that.nd if there's an interesting discoveries in recent years, there is a child who died between 1543 and 45, we looked at it very closely and the genomes and diseases that were in the fleshy surviving part of that particular child. ... >> so obviously with the 20 or 30 percent mortality rate by the time they arrived in the americans but there were still many europeans dying of smallpo smallpox. >>host: we know from early historians chronicling how how debilitating this strain of smallpox was to the native population they say 90 percent of the deaths which was considerable was attributable to smallpox can you tell us more about that quick. >> yes. this is an interesting scholarly discussion. and the media for example the chronicle that arrived in night teen 24 and wrote a diary or a memoir which was nationally published in 19 oh three, and he really talks about the actual mortality rate he says it's an closer terms of 50 percent but some other sources and people like cortez himself, talk in

into the genome of their host bacterium wouldn't be used in the food industry. and that sector would focus on phage is that really only destroy bacteria. and they're the likelihood of transmission is very very small. so in the future viruses in food could actually be good for us that's an idea that will definitely take some getting used to. many kinds of bacteria are beneficial some live in the soil and enhanced its quantity that teria are present in most habitats in desert sands and. it is thought that they make up 3 courses of all known species of forms of 9. plant down around with a congregation vast numbers is our count for the most part they're very welcome. little alexis is just a few hours old he arrived by says every inception interventional birth he'd have swallowed some of his mother's bacteria as he passed through the birth canal dr fleming was providing the newborn with maternal bacteria an alternative way. visits the sort of bunch. of luck we tried to do at the request of the parents is to collect battle fluids from the mother in swap the baby's mou

we are collecting maps and data talk about how scientists are actively trying to map the genome. how people are actually trying to fight the disease. these are the really obvious things but we also at the library and the library of congress, it's one of the great institutions of the world for doing this. we collect the cultural moment, collect the photographs and collect people and thoughts . collect people's drawings, collect how it is that they fought through this moment in time. there's been some great mapping on the web and several news organizations that i think i picked it up call lockdown where people are drawing the maps of their neighborhoods. how they're perceiving them now and these are not just geospatial maps, they have all sorts of cultural information, forinstance this is close, this is open, this is where my dog likes to walk . the shop is no longer close so libraries, like the library of congress, these institutions . they have a responsibility and the library is one of those great places to take that responsibility seriously both from a scientific side and from

the world sequencing dna we are getting really good sense of what overall genetic structure, the genome of covid-19 is. covid-19 is part of a larger group of coronaviruses, and that is because it looks like a crown and has spikes coming out of it which are glycoproteins and it is part of a larger family of viruses which find their hosts in a genus of horseshoe bats and what we have really found is the sequence, the amino acid sequence of covid-19 which is actually sars covid-192. 96% of that genome is found in the version that is found in this particular bat so people believe it actually came from a bad, making the crossover to human beings. the mechanism of that crossover is not well understood but what allowed us to do is as time goes on and cases spread around the world we can develop a phylogenetic tree which is made of a couple things, it shows where the test was done, a person in new york or seattle or somewhere in europe, we have a location come we have a location and time and the actual genome and what we are trying to do, what we're trying to map is the mutation to time and spa

so we have got a location and a time, and we've got the actual genome. and what we're trying to do, what we're actually trying to map is the mutation through time and through space. and so in the case of covid-19, we can look at the figures that are on screen, and you see the -- [inaudible] through time. and we can look at some of the really important moments here. you can see the rise of it in wuhan, and the purple you see is all the transmission from china. when with we start looking at the colors in the tree, you can see that there are reds, is and those reds are really the transmission to north america and to the united states. there's two groups. there's kind of one up at the top and one at the bottom. what's interesting is and what the mapping can actually tell us, for example, is the fact that the part that came to seattle, the initial -- seattle and illinois, are actually from china. so those are, they had the mutations that are very much like the chinese virus. but the one that's up at the top is really from europe. it has mutations that that co

in the original name of it. 96 percent of that genome is actually found in about. and we actually obtain species pretty people believe it actually came from about. making the crossover to human beings. and with that mechanism of the customer is does not really well. but what is allowed us to do is to as time goes on and goes around the world, and sequence begins to develop what is called the silent genetic trait. and is made up of a couple of things. basically it shows where the test was done in fact, a person in new york or seattle or trenton or somewhere in europe has tested. so we have a location. we also had a time so we have a location and time and we have the actual genome and what we are trying to do, what we are actually trying to map the mutation through time and through space. in the case of covid-19, when you look at the figures that are on the screen and you see the actual biomes in time. we can look at some of the really important moments here. we can see the rise of it and the purple that you see is the transmission through china. and when we start lo

so then you heard of hours shares in learning to 6 percent of the genome to a back or virus discovered in china in 2032 and this cyrus was considerable low risk and not really thought back then that it could mutate translate to humans causing pool demick like these you study the ways viruses and that to evolve so tell me is are you no way at all to predict how a bat is cool mutate i think there are ways to predict how a virus could mutate there are ways to predict how it can evolve and it seems like an insurmountable very difficult problem but it's more about which of the genes that are most important for that are as a disease as it evolves and sees a new host as a thing that we can key in on and i'm not revealing some history of a people as well but what it shows is that evolution is very hard to predict especially from the point of organismal interactions so you now have a virus it's entering a new host of humans we don't know enough about our in our own immune world immunity reaction to this iris we don't know enough about its interactions with immunity and reservoir host such as ba

the original name of it. 96% of that genome is actually found in the version of this particular bat. people believe it actually came from a bat making the crossover human beings. it's not really well understood. what it allows us to do, it allows us time goes on in cases spread around the world, with the genome sequence we can develop genetic tree and that fisa genetic tree can be made up a couple of things shows where the test was done, in other words a person in new york or seattle, or wuhan or somewhere in europe that tested we have a location. west have a time so have a location and time we have the actual gino. were trying to do what were actually trying to map is the mentation through time and through space. in case of covid-19, we can look at the figures that are on the screen and you see this in time. look at the really important moment series to the rise of it and wuhan in the purple you see assault transmission through china. we start looking at the colors the tree you can see there are reds. those reds are really the transmission to north america. into the united states. t

analysis go fast forward to more of the current day yes there are virus genes that might be in our genome that help us in a way express these genes and prevent us from being attacked by other viruses as vigorously so i take your questions i mean would if we fast forward ahead to many hundreds of years or thousands of years into the future the viruses of today are shaping up or we should future definitely the case. and the ways of avenues very unclear and we haven't. see how that happens or still trying to decipher have heard asked what is undoubtedly happening and. i was also i was training asked if that had our immune system involved kill well over time and become to it so that iris is more have to develop meaning taisha is to get it's honest. i say yes that's a that's an intriguing question so the immune system to me as fascinating and i should say very transparently i'm not an immunologist i try and read up on the topic as much as i can it's lots of other immunologists so the interesting that you mean ology is one of the few things that's me reflects increased complexity over time in e

collins, you studied the human genome, which is complicated, led by thousands of scientists over many years. can we compare that with the pressure of dealing with this coronavirus? that projectater, versus this project? >> thank you for the great question and for starting us off. hello, everybody. it is nice to have a conversation again. the effort continues. thes high adrenaline all time, especially because of the connotation between the public project in the private one that was going to privatize the outcome, we did not think was a good idea. another thing this effort now on covid-19, outstrips it in terms of the intensity because it is much more directly connected to human suffering. we knew that ultimately it would have benefits. but with covid-19, every day, you have this sense of urgency of the that next treatment, getting the vaccine out there. real people's lives are at risk. >> let's talk about a vaccine. takelly, a vaccine can five to seven years or longer. the flu in 1918, we still don't have a vaccine. >> this is not -- people get infected with sars, a covid virus. while,

the world's first genome edge. science is moving at work speed. we want to talk a little bit about the science but the superstructure around it. we actually put out a piece last year on this. maybe it is part of the un. the top six or seven really a fundamental threats that we are facing. and certainly deadly pathogens would be one of them. we have this which i've almost certainly had it naturally occurring. it was just a few years ago a team and alberta created a synthetic version. now it's done for a few thousand dollars. it is democratizing and all of the good guys 99.9% are the good guys like george. but there are bad actors who could have access to this technologies. now is a good example of where you can say this is a good strategy for doing it. why don't we have a un agency that is empowered into resourced and we say it's your job to identify the six or seven. i'm here to develop. with the action plan. have we done that for pathogenic outbreaks we could at least imagine how we would have a responsive system that wouldn't allow everything to

we have to determine the children's general genetic makeup using the latest genomic tools of all genomeing and sequence the cells from their body. [ no audio ] >> is he frozen -- >> until we actually do the experiments. >> we just lost him -- oh. [ no audio ] >> are you back up, doctor. the doctor, i wish we could have had more time with him. i know a lot of folks out there, could we put up the symptoms one more time. i did listen very carefully today as the governor and the state health commissioner talked about this. i know that these as the governor said are symptoms that parents may see for any number of things. but if they have a persistent fever, that rash, we have thooen se -- seen those rashes. abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, call your doctor. err on the side of caution. >>> up next a reunion that is sure to warm your heart. a nurse on the front lines fighting covid familiar leap gets to see her daughter. i will speak with both of them next. (j.k. vo) if you're off the roads for all of us, farmers is here for you. and if you're on the roads for us, well, we're here for you,

we have released the genome sequence at the earliest possible time. we have shared control and treatment experiences. we have done everything in our effort to support countries in need. mr. president, even as we meet, the virus is still reaching and there is more work to be done to bring it under control. i want to make the following proposals. do everything we can for covid-19 control and treatment. this is the most urgent task. nothing in the world is more precious than life. we need to take a strong step in certain areas and prevention. we need to move as fast as we can. we need to step up information sharing. and pursue international corporations. we also need to continue supporting global research. the world health organization should lead the global response. under its leadership, it has made a major contribution to advancing the global response to covid-19. good work is applauded by the international community. china calls on the international community to increase financial support. so as to mobilize resources globally to defeat the virus. we

genome released the sequence at the earliest possible time, and shared control and treatment experiences with the world without reservation. we have done everything in our power to support countries in need. even as we meet, still raging, and more must be done to bring it under control. to this end, i want to make the following proposals. first, we must do everything we can for covid-19 control and treatment. this is the most urgent task. we must always put people first, for nothing in the world is more precious than people's life. we need to deploy medical expertise and critical supplies to places where they are needed most. we need to take a strong step in key areas of prevention, containment, treatment and tracing. we need to move as fast as we can to curb the global spread of the virus and do our best to stem cross-border transmission. we need to step up information-sharing, exchange experiences and best practices, and pursue international cooperation on testing methods, clinical treatments and vaccine research and development. we also need to continue supporting global research by s

collins, you studied the human genome, which is complicated, led by thousands of scientists over many years.

research from 1993 to 2008, during which he led the international human genome project. he's an elected member of the national academy of medicine and sciences and was awarded the presidential medal of freedom in 2007 and received the national in 2009.science so, we are looking for a distinguished scientist to head this program and i think we are lucky to have this graduate of the university of virginia who received a phd from yale and from the north carolina school of medicine who plays the guitar very well. dr. gary,ll hear from who is broadly experienced as well. i have asked them to summarize his written testimony in five minutes. he is the acting director of the biomedical advanced research development authority and is responsible for making sure that barca is focused on innovation and advanced research and development. such as diagnostic tests, the subject today, critical to preventing and combating covid-19 and other health threats that we face. ta has been at bar to -- bar for more than 10 years and started working on the smallpox effect seen program there and ha

of adepends on detection genome.mall code of a dna or rna and amplifies it millions of times over so it can be detected. that amplification process is time-consuming. it requires a thermal cycling machine available only in laboratory settings and needs personnel who know how to run the test and troubleshoot problems. bys program, supported funding from congress, seeks to expand the range of diagnostic technologies to include a whole bunch of novel approaches that can expand access to testing. scientistsaging across the country in an effort to improve current tests and advanced completely new technologies. as america moves back into public spaces but seeks to avoid increased infections with covid-19, tests have to be more accessible at the point of care to make it easier for everyone to get tested. we need tests that do not require hours or days to determine results. the new tests need to be sensitive enough to flag a symptom of the individuals who may have just become infective. they must be reliable. they must utili

china, once they -- the genome they posted it on the internet so any scientist can work out. from three weeks or so from the time the genome was posted at least three companies they know subs already eached candidates that could be tested. while i'm optimistic we'll have a vaccine much quicker than we've ever had before, we have to be reasonable and understanding the development of a vaccine is not a simple matter and sometimes we have to go back and forth by trial and error to find out just the right part of the virus to use or just the right part to use. so i think there's going to be a vaccine did you i'm not as can. as some others that we can do that in less than a year. that seems really ambitious to me but we'll see. 748-8003 to text eastbound us a message. david. atlanta, you're on with the doctor. go ahead. caller: good morning. thank you for taking my call. i've been listening to the thing on african-americans and the virus and it's kind of -- it kind of the disappointing because it's taking out another population of american society that are also going through this

coronavirus in particular has the largest genome amongst foreign aid viruses. about twice the size of the genetic package of influenza. to go back to the sars epidemic, it's killing 20% of the people that got about 2000 people got it. it is stimulated including the united states to develop a vaccine. but to find out how this thing works because it seemed to be so much different than the common cold. but the thing that really saved us into thousand three is that size was only contagious with people that were symptomatic. so you can really only spread it when you are showing symptoms, coughing, fever, whatever. in different influenza which can be spread a symptomatically, people who have it don't show any symptoms, presymptomatic by people in the incubation. this gives influenza wing supply that coronavirus in the stars form did not. because of the trade of the virus is easier to suppress, within a year there were no more cases, research on a vaccine, this could have been preventable sars with the chief of humanity and to have the capacity in the universal dissem

mistakes this drug molecule for one of the normal genetic letters that it would be inserting into its genome that it's copying to make new baby viruses and when the drug molecule goes into the d.n.a. or r.n.a. of a growing virus it distorts it and disrupts it and stops it growing so as a result you end up with a virus with a broken genome and so it's a bit like a computer with the operating system corrupted it won't boot up so the virus is you make a completely defunct and when given 2 cells in a dish which are infected with the virus it slows down the growth of the virus when given to patients with the virus it makes them recover a bit quicker and it also slightly improves the mortality rate when you give it to people who are severely on whether by slightly i mean in people who were not given the drug the mortality rates about 11 percent and in people who weren't given the drug it was about 8 percent. well we'll be coming back to the coronavirus in a moment but for now another developing story north korean state media says kim jong un has made his 1st public appearance in almost 3 weeks now

did the genome sequencing created a test for the world all in lightning speed if you if you've ever been in an outbreak it's very confusing chaotic it's all very new getting you getting an understanding of what's happening while while everyone is running around and you know hospitals are getting overwhelmed it's all very difficult and as outbreak experts we believe that what china accomplished in that very short space of time and then to contain the virus within their own country with the measures taken was was truly stronger and i would move away from that belief the principle the accusation against china is they're trying not wasn't transparent and therefore valuable time was lost in communicating with the governor or troll do you agree with that. i think you need to understand that the w.i. joe is not the only one with early warning systems and sensing. in fact probably the u.s. c.d.c. is is probably even better at a and identifying things through observing internet press their various discussions between technical groups. the u.s. is very sensitive to to outbreaks and emerging. illne

conduct a genome and rna sequencing study to see if there's something about these children that may present a definable situation. but rest assured, the department of health is on top of it. this is the last thing that we need at this time with all that is going on, with all the anxiety we have. now, for parents to have to worry about whether or not their youngster was infected. and again, symptoms that do not even seem like the symptoms we associate with covid-19. so, we still have a lot to learn about this virus. and every day is another eye-opening situation. but rest assured, the department of health is doing everything they can do. i think it is fair to say the new york state department of health is the first one that has been on this situation. and again, working with the cdc, and whatever we find out we will not really sure with the public but with other states another hospital systems. it is very possible this has been going on for several weeks and it has not been diagnosed as related to covid. again, we will keep you updated. i know many people are concerned about that, as

we have released the genome at the earliest possible time. we have shared their control and treatment with the wororld witht reservation. beijing -- about to join us. charles, australia is going to propose a resolution calling for an inquiry into the international response of the pandemic after initially calling for an inquiry into the origins. is this s still directed att beijing? if we listen to xi jinping, at the beginning of this assembly at also at -- the statements coming out of the ministry of foreign affairs, seems like beijing is on board thatthis new resolution has been proposed d by austrtra. -- it promotes cooperation. why are they on board with this comparar to the ininitial propol from a australia w which demandn inquiry y into the origins of te virus? first, it doesn't t make specifications about the origin of the virus, just tasks for a comprehensive, independent and -- independent i inquiry into te pandemic response. are askining for an inquiry that will be led by an independent committee within the committee that belongs tot

they're now checking to see if the genome of the kind of coronavirus that he had matches the genome of the wuhan coronavirus. so that still has to be verified, but for the most part they have run the test several times, they think he's positive and they think this was the first case in france, and maybe in europe, that they know of in any case. this is important, rosemary, knowing how it's spread, the origin, is how they'll know what's going to take place in the future. they'll be able to predict to some extent how this is going to spread in the future. rosemary. >> it will be interesting to see if other doctors go back. jim, thank you very much for joining us from just outside of paris. appreciate it. >>> world leaders are pledging $8 billion for the research and development of coronavirus treatments and a vaccine. the european union hosted monday's virtual event. the president of the european commission says this is just the beginning and countries must be ready to contribute more. e.u. officials say pharmaceutical companies should commit to making treatments and vaccines available a

the study reviewed 6000 of the genomes and scientists elsewhere say it brought interesting results. >> the data shows it may be more contagious than the original strain. >> reporter: an infectious disease specialist at uc berkeley school of public health says what's significant is the study is focused on a spike protein that enables the virus to infect humans. >> the function of the spike protein is to to enter into the human cell. >> reporter: the study says researchers found 14 mutations and it prompted them to write a warning quote, the mutation spike do you 61 4g is of urgent concern. it began spreading in europe in early february and when introduced to new regions it rapidly becomes the dominant form. >> this is very important, this report that shows an deed the spike and then the virus becomes more infectious or more dominant. >> reporter: the study raises one big concern. researchers say there 62 vaccine approaches being developed for the new coronavirus. if the virus is significantly mutating, vaccines developed for previous strain might not work. researchers have been posting

cells, it mistakes this drug molecule for one of the normal letters it would be inserting into the genomeo make new baby viruses, and when the drug goes into the dna or rna, it distorts and disrupts it and stops at growing, so as a result, he and up with a virus with a broken genome, so it is a bit like a computer with the operating system corrupted. it will not boot up. the viruses you make are completely defunct. when given to cells in a dish, it slows down growth of the virus. when given to patients with the virus, it makes them recover a bit quicker and also slightly improves the mortality rate when .ou give it to people there's concern by some this was the u.s. that a drug that was touted by the president himself and now in the absence of other treatments when it comes to the coronavirus and the promising data that we've seen from this study, this drug may be fast-track in a way. do you share that concern? >> all drugs have side effects and need to be tested carefully before they are years on people and used on people at scale, but it is impossible to flush out all of the side effect

in fact, a genomic consequence was shared, that weekend. was it as a result of his concerns or was that, you know, parallel tracks. a lot there to sort of dig into. >> there is also just in terms of there being a lot there, it is the other questions that this raises. so this is one person's whistle-blower complaint, but, john, it raises other questions as we're seeing too the white house task force we're hearing from the vice president essentially being drawn down by memorial day. we're seeing changes in the way things are being handled by the administration even today. is there a sense at all that this is part of the discussion in the white house, certainly not publicly, but behind closed doors? >> well, i wouldn't think dr. bright's situation is behind the winding down of the task force, but, look, i think erica that the war time president has decided this is too difficult to stick with, that he sort of is waving the white flag. the pressures between trying to make slow headway against the virus, by pressing states to stay close and to fo

coronaviruses in particular have the largest genome among rna viruses, twice the size of the genetic package but to go back to the sars epidemic, sars was frightening, sars was initially coming 30% of the people, 2000 people got it and it stimulated a crash program in the united states to find antivirals to develop a vaccine to understand how this thing worked because it was so much different than the common cold, but the thing that really saved us in 2003 is the fact that sars was only contagious when people were symptomatic so you only spread it when you were displaying symptoms. influenza could spread a symptomatically, people who have it, presymptomatic by people in the incubation stage. this gives influenza a supply that coronavirus didn't and it was easier to suppress. a lot of luck was involved and within a year, more cases, research on a vaccine, sars, the chief enemy of humanity was just in avian blue that would have the killing capacity and universal dissemination of the spanish flu in 1918-1919. then in 2012 there was an outbreak in saudi arabia. middle east respiratory sy

released the genome sequence at the earliest possible time and shared control and treatment experience with the world without reservation. we have been everything in our power to support and assist cut -- countries in need. host:'s china's president -- china's president yesterday at the world health assembly. your confidence in the trump administration's response to the coronavirus pandemic. do you like what he is doing with the world health organization with his calls for investigations into china? we go to him, flat rock, michigan. democratic caller. tim about what do you think? caller: i don't have any confidence in him at all. atdon't listen to science all. he don't follow the leaders. i wanted to mention that article you brought up about hydroxychloroquine -- how he has a financial stake in it but it goes far beyond that because santa fe's largest air holders include a mutual fund run by major republican donor ken f isher. each of the trump's family trust holdings in a mutual fund. when you brought that "new york times" article up it rang a bell. by the president saying i take dru

the department of health is also going to be working with the new york genome center and rockefellery to conduct a genome and rna sequencing study to see if there's something about these children that may present a definable situation. but rest assured the department of health is on top of it. this is the last thing that we need at this time with all that's going on, with all the anxiety we have. now for parents to have to worry about whether or not their youngster was infected. and again, symptoms that don't even seem like the symptoms we associate with covid-19. so we still have a lot to learn about this virus. and every day is another eye opening situation. but rest assured, the department of health is doing everything that they can do. i think it's fair to say that the new york state department of health is the first one that has been on this situation. and again, working with the cdc and whatever we find out we'll not only share with the public but we'll also share with other states and other hospital systems, because it is very possible that this is been going on for several we

we have the most -- released the genome sequence at the earliest time.e havshared our treatment ceriexen wthwe have done everytr power to cpo sriourtnesnt the who's 194 member states meant virtually as leaders push for an independent review of the global handling of the panmic. chief dr. tedros was the first to speak, urging countries to be open to scruny. >> i will initiate an independent evaluation at the earliest appropriate moment to revi leaxprned, and to make recommendations to improve national and global pandemic epprneared the south korean pret also weighed in, calling for the bo enre tmo coe ntrirees n repogirt outvebreaks and shar. we must update the who a w infectious disease could emerge at any time and we mest be able tond more quickly and effectively. an infection related data should be shared with countries in a re transparent manner, and an early warning system and cooperation mechanism must be jointly estaished. >> with me is our global health correspondent. a lot of information and lines of interest coming out othis e c aheag, but wasof

. >> reporter: nbc news found cases in at least 11 states the new york genome center is studying the affected children trying to determine what put them at risk. >> if we knew the genes that are involved, it could really guide how these children are managed. >> reporter: symptoms include fever, rash and upset stomach. some can go into cardiac arrest andrew lease was a healthy 14-year-old when he suddenly developed a fever and abdominal pain did you know you had the coronavirus? >> no. >> reporter: in the hospital his heart started to fail. >> they brought me and my wife to our knees. >> reporter: doctors were able to save his life. >> we do have strategies to manage the children and doing very well. >> i'm just insanely happy to be here. >> reporter: andrew now sharing his story as a warning to others kristen dahlgren, nbc news, new york >>> let's take a turn now to new developments this evening in the shooting death of ahmad arbery a fourth prosecutor taking over as the justice department is considering possible hate crime charges. let's get more from blayne alexander. >> reporter:

mistakes this drug molecule for one of the normal genetic letters that it would be inserting into its genome that it's copying to make new baby viruses and when the drug molecule goes into the d.n.a. or r.n.a. of a growing virus it distorts it and disrupts it and stops it growing so as a result you end up with a virus with a broken genome and so it's a bit like a computer with the operating system corrupted it won't boot up so the viruses you make are completely defunct and when given 2 cells in a dish which are infected with the virus it slows down the growth of the virus when given to patients with the virus it makes them recover a bit quicker and it also slightly improves the mortality rate when you give it to people who are severely unwell and by slightly i mean in people who were not given the drug the mortality rates about 11 percent and in people who weren't given the drug it was about 8 percent north korea's leader kim jong un has made his 1st public appearance in nearly 3 weeks state media broadcast images which appear to show kim opening a fertilizer factory speculation had been ri

studies, looking at the whole genome sequence, which allows you to see over time where one individualork. it is still in quite an early phase, and i think we will learn a lot from that. the whole combined means we start to understand disease transmission and, very importantly, how we can contain it going forward. content with that or do you have a follow—up question? on the new cases, you don't have a breakdown of where those people come from? assumedly they are going to testing centres because they take one of the boxes. do you not have data to show whether they are front line workers? i don't have the data to be able to give that to you at the moment but clearly, as we do more tests as well, we will get more information back from the testing in an anonymized way to understand where the prevalence of disease is heightened, so, yes, absolutely, we do look at this, and there are a numberof do look at this, and there are a number of nosocomial, infection spread in care settings, and also in ca re spread in care settings, and also in care homes, where we are absolutely focusing on that,