the indian army certainly bore a larger burden on fighting as the campaigns went on. 1945, the 14th army is pro dominantly the indian army, not british or burqa troops. the british supplied themselves. they had bases in india. they had sources of supply in india. they pretty much fought the war with what they had. you see american trucks, you see american jeeps, that they're ubiquitous throughout the theater. some aircraft were transferred to the r.a.f. there are all kinds of sort of transfers of capability. wingate would not take indian troops in the long range penetration groups. he insisted that they were undependable and he didn't want to worry about them and so his forces which were actually a division and a half, maybe two divisions in 1944, it sucked up a lot of the british battalions and burqa battalions which certainly did not make general slim very happy. it's kind of a mixed picture and the numbers sometimes are misleading because you have lots of people, but you find out that not many of them are trigger pullers and where you have tremendous logistical problems they have in i

the reformed british indian army had been reformed in 1943. definitely played a role and in fact, they did not expect that level of opposition. that was their first problem. the british were much stronger than they expected. then't know much about , butsh army post kohima the 15th army was destroyed and so that opened the way and made it much easier for the british to advance into central burma from late 1944 onwards. i don't know if that answers your question. timetaff officer at the said that mutaguchi repeatedly held map exercises but the one contingency did not take into account was that the british would resist. taguchi had a low view of british existence and i think that increased the problem. >> gentlemen in the center here please. question was who provided the material for the british forces? was this all british? some american? the britishnumbers, japanese, howthe did the numbers and equipment play out? >> the question is where were the supplies coming from for the british and what are the comparable numbers of british versus japanese

threat to world peace because remember if if this goes wrong in other words the rhetoric of the indian army chief saying that the they put blame on pakistan side of kashmir too and is saying something like if there was a parliament resolution then then the indian army was reduced to the pakistan side of ken what would happen. the unthinkable would happen dude nuclear armed countries would come face to face and that's why even in the united nations i went. to the general assembly and i appealed to the un that you must intervene right now before things get out of hand because what could what could you know been what could germany specifically do in that regard i think germany has a huge role or german germany is the strongest country in europe and therefore the european union germany can play a part of the e.u. which is a big. you know one of apart from the us even is the other. big block which the world looks for upholding human rights so we hope that germany plays its part i spoke to johnson merkel and i tried to explain to her everything about what is happening and i actually she did make

the army was already cooperating with the indian side because there were i think there was some losses on the other side too but that's a good sign so it's possible in really a tricky situation that both sides work work work together of course in any humanitarian issues we would work together but the issue right now in the indian side of caution is. it is not just a commish issue of humanitarian it's a huge humanitarian crisis over 100000 people of kashmir the indian psyche have been killed in the last 30 years and not just i mean the clamp down. since 50 august now this is the whole world should realize for 5 months the people of kashmir are been put under siege the schools are closed the they can't lead a normal life communications are cut off as i said their senior leadership is all in jail so therefore i really hope that the world would take no notice of this pakistan cannot have normal relationship if this disputed territory dispute between pakistan and india recognized by the united nations if they have unilaterally annex that area how can pakistan start talking to them right dow

fearing further independence movements the then indian prime minister indira gandhi ordered the army to storm the temple to dislodge sikh extremists who had been using it as a refuge around 500 sikhs died in the ensuing gunfire. a few weeks later indeed a gandhi was murdered by to seek bodyguards and broke out and hundreds of innocent civilians were killed those responsible were eventually satins over 30 years after the crime. little did we used to look at the ruins left by the massacre and think did this actually happen in an independent and free india or we're not part of india why did it have to come to that later on we gradually try to take a more information but we did not find any answers. for sikhs the golden temple in america will always be associated with mixed feelings and bitter memories of the storming by the indian army. it was certainly the most dog steam in the bin in india and on the congress party and on your gun the government programs despite apologies that have been demanded subsequent it will be difficult for the historian to see this steve has been wiped out. af

number will always be associated with mixed feelings and bitter memories of the storming by the indian army. it was certainly the most dogs seen on india been in india and on the congress party and on that as you got the government programs despite apologies that have been demanded subsequent you can be difficult for the new store here to see this steve has been wiped out. after taking some valuable history lessons on board for the journey to potentially brighter future a monday now has become and finds time to. never comes easy it never does not matter how much effort you board how much time do you know you can demand it but in today's political scenario but given these donations it on account of a very bold step. and. thanks to him that it is happening and we believe it is going to be a wonderful or step between board the nation then thought about it jim. this part of the indian punjab has benefited from recent developments the equivalent of several 1000000 euros were invested in building a few kilometers of new roads across the sandy plain and the approach to the top of the road was year

mother also died while waiting for him. 48 yea rs also died while waiting for him. 48 years ago, the indian armyas during a war that endedin region. it was during a war that ended injust a region. it was during a war that ended in just a few days. more than 250 families were separated. this was one of them. a comrade told me that my vinny —— village had become under control. my relatives were left —— my relatives left and i was the only one left in pakistan. every attempt to reunite with his wife and family failed. many of his relatives, including his mother, have died. some waiting for a visa to travel to pakistan. around 12 yea rs to travel to pakistan. around 12 years after the separation, he found his wife's dead body in the river. translation: my wife tried hard to come here to pakistan but she could not. finally, she jumped come here to pakistan but she could not. finally, shejumped into the river. or perhaps the river itself brought her here. her dead body reached me and when i found it, i buried her here in pakistan. since 1971, only 23 people have been given visas to travel to the other

when he joined the french and indian wars, when he was in the british army fighting the french and indians in the ohio valley, she implored him not to go, and he went, despite her. on the other hand, he was very dutiful about delivering an allowance to her several times per year, sometimes more than a few times per year. host: and you mean part of his salary. guest: part of his income from mount vernon and things like that. he would take money to her in fredericksburg, for her to help make ends meet. battles overtrast, property, battles over whether or not he joined the british army, british navy, but there was also clear that she did love him -- it was clear that she did love him and it was clear that he loved her. it was a loving relationship. host: i want to let our viewers join in on the conversation. we will open up regional lines for this last hour. that means, if you live in the eastern or central time zones, we want to do: at (202) 748-8000 -- we want you can to call in at (202) 748-8000. if you are mountain or pacific, your number is (202) 748-8001. keep in mind, you can always te

also, when he during the french and indian wars, when he was actually in british army, fighting the french and indians and the ohio valley, that she implored him not to go and he went despite her. on the other hand, he was very dutiful but delivering an allowance to her several times a year, sometimes more than several times a year. >> host: you say allowance, you mean part of heir salary. >> guest: part of his income. from his -- from mount vernon and other ventures he would take money to her in fredericksburg no help her make ends meet. there were contrasts and battles over property, bats over whether or not he would join the british army, british navy, but also clear that she did love him, and it's clear he did love her. it was very tempessous relationship and also a loving relationship . >> host: our viewers can join in the conversation. we'll open up regional lines for the last hour. that means if you live in the eastern or central time zone, call in at 202-748-8000. in the mountain or pacific time zone, your number is 202-748-8001 and keep in mind you can always text us your question

shots from every foot company under burgoyne and operated in support of the many indian allies who accompanied his army view of burgoyne's adapted artillery, we could go on surveying the alterations in the british army's appearance for the rest of the war, which i'm sure you don't want to do. for instance, by the time the south had become the conflict's main theater, fuselary regiments had stored their bearskin hats and adopted cocked hats and gator trousers. i think this lecture has already made its main point. either that or it has exhausted your patience. the british army of the american revolution was not some parade ground organization led by gallon gallant but impractical thoughts. this was a formidable organization whose officers took things seriously and sought to make the most effective use of resources entrusted to them. it was no accident that the british soldier won most of his battles or that it took americans eight grueling years to secure independence. like the u.s. military, however, in vietnam, afghanistan, and iraq, the british army learned it is not enough to vanquish armies on the b

indian attitude has been fairly negative. they have been fairly aggressive. the rhetorical of the armythe measures they have taken after the 5th of august in the indian occupied german -- and what is going on. and look at the use of force. look at the innocent people who have been detained without charges. and not just to define the indian occupied, but look at the latest work they have undertaken. the citizens that resulted all over india. >> martha: right. we will wait and see what happens there, thank you very much, shah mahmood quereshi of pakistan, sir. i appreciate you being here and taking questions, sir. >> thank you. >> martha: still ahead tonight sarah huckabee sanders responding to the claims that the entire trump administration has been caught in a lie about ukrainian led investigation into the bidens. what does she say about all of that? and yet next, the balm suit lawsuit by alleging jeffrey epstein used private island to traffic hundreds of extremely young girls as recently as 2018. ♪ aleve it. aleve is proven stronger and longer on pain than tylenol. when pain happens,

now, indian princes will supply their armies throughout the 17th century, but someone else will find out about it in 1624, the east india company and with that, their first shipments will begin to go back to england, removing the need for england to do this and cause another revolution with the battle in 1757, the english gained virtual dominion over india that produces all of this explosive. it's very easy to manufacture and the east india company sets up a cast, whose job in india it basically is to pay taxes in the form of saltpeter and to provide it to the east india company. so they receive free supplies basically of this massively important military resource, and they will ship this home by the shipload. everyone thinks that the india trade is dominated by all those goods we learned about, by tea in calico while those may make up a lot of the value of those east india men. more than 50% of the cargo on your average east india man will be bags of saltpeter. they're both the ballast and the way the east india is paying to the british state. the french have gotten in on this, too

partisan political order, constructed home grown terrorist newence, constructed a armed army against the plains indians, and these are issues that i think all of the panelists and you will will try taking into how we as teachers try to bring these elements together. our task is not to make coherent sense of that. we are not trying to build a new synthesis of reconstruction here. our job as a panel focusing on teaching reconstruction is introduce students to these open up and to conversations and help them find their way to answers, if we can also create a new synthesis, that would be great, and then we can co-author a volume that will explain that. i suspect and said what we will do a sort of talk about it and open up opportunities here. we have a great group of people, so i wanted to reduce them and let them talk. i will introduce them in the order they are seated here. david pryor is an assistant professor of american history at the university of new mexico. his research and teaching focuses on the international dimension of the american civil war era. he is the author of "between freedom and progres

richard henry pratt to an army major assigned the task of assimilating native americans is still known for his motto kill the indianand save the man. who. did he send in some of your opinions never lost their suspicion of native americans and resorted to military force to displace them to spain out of accord with the word and spirit of the us constitution but in the new world might was still right. by the turn of the 20th century the indigenous people had been decimated only 237000 made of americans remain. they lost 98 percent of their land to the invaders and they had to wait until $948.00 to be granted full civil rights in all states nearly 80 years after the 1st african-americans won the right to vote. 500 years of colonization and displacement christen for others 500 years of the american dream. soon after. dawn of the 21st century that dream came under brutal attack on september the 11th 2001 the world trade center was targeted as a symbol of the ideals of the western world. almost 3000 people were killed in the attack people who had roots in all corners of the earth. but the open society whose foundations ha

lieutenants last time they did anything unless you count fighting indians, which is a whole different dynamic. a confederate general previously u.s. army officer said after the war at the beginning of the war i knew everything there was to know about commanding 50 dragons. that is pretty much the command level experiment -- experience that you had. this is on-the-job training for these people. it is bubbling up like that. we have gone over the maps. , why are thetself troops there what is going on. you have to look at first 21st 1861. july you hear occasionally people will write why didn't the confederates sweep into d.c.. they were in no shape to do that. they fall back. confederates fall back to bull run itself which fall -- flows into the occoquan. they have a water line defense. the potomac becomes a kind of moat to protect washington. you have got these two waterlines of defense about 30 miles apart. people are pretty much leaving each other alone. a cavalry patrol bumps into somebody or something, but basically they leave each other alone. -- confederates are made maintaining outposts. these outposts are mainly in the washington

visiting indian capital and discovered some enterprising solutions for the waste problem. as india prepared for its annual republic day festivities with a big army parade a layer of thick smog hung over the proceedings no surprise and. just 10 kilometers to the waist in the present. environmental activist. has had enough. because of pollution almost a 1000000 and a half people die in india. because of. hope a 1000000 people die in india because of water pollution these problems are on our knees so when you actually see that rounding and you think it could be better know it's small. in the last few years delhi has made headlines internationally as the most polluted national capital on the planet and the rivers flowing through it are toxic and it has a huge problem with waste management. a dump in the eastern part of the city. around half of all the waste produced in delhi ends up on mountains of garbage like this. they emit poisonous gas into the atmosphere and poisonous fluids into the soil. indian cities churn out more than $60000000.00 tons of waste every year and only around a quarter of it is collected by municipal authorities. unofficial wa

is going to raise the level of conflict of indians country this in humans thank you very much indeed. for the most ill to come including funerals for the army cadets killed in the libyan government and no doubt used to play. in the hong kong protests take a new turn with police cracking down on traders showing that anger across the board of business. had there we have seen a change in the weather across the southeast of australia and not a moment too soon this is the line of cloud bringing with it those rain showers and that continuing to bring some showers really across areas in the south as i say victoria on into more eastern sections of new south wales and bring the temperatures down at the same time a lot lower than they were but still pretty well in adelaide 27 celsius on monday one of the likely into sydney where we have got the rain is up into the northwest of western australia this is a possible tropical cycle and this developing this is one we'll watch very closely in the coming days some very strong winds and heavy rain even if it doesn't develop into a cycle miracles where we need the rain we've just got really no more than a few

army led the lights in a protest against the law. their leader. was arrested. the opposition says the indian government broke the new law to create a hindu muslim divide but it may have cause unintended splits many in the ballot community traditionally marginalized but upper caste hindus are now questioning the law their opposition along with that of muslims has the power to change governments so the class activists say it will be at a serious disadvantage if the government asks for multiple documents to prove their citizenship historically they have been the settlers landless people so which document they could possibly have the lids and the muslims are the water of change they represent change in the society if they are being pushed to the wall they will work for the change. are looks father believes the law is a way for the government to die work attention from economic problems but it also provides an opportunity to target ballots. the thinking of those who are privatizing government is they will give jobs to the people not the ballot they want to sell them but these women also members o

historical studies of indian tribes which i knew nothing about, i was a modern military employee and i eventually i went to a wonderful place to work, a staff historian for the air force and army. it was this the army i was working at the u.s. army center of history in d.c. that i heard the story that became the last battle. the story is the only time in world war ii when americans and germans joined forces and fought together and they did it to defend a medieval castle in austria that was filled with irritating french v.i.p.'s about to be murdered by the oss and the only time in american military history that u.s. soldiers defended a medieval castle. it's a great story made into a may have now and others followed and bringing us up to escape from paris, when i finished the last book, my agency as all literary agents do, what's your next book? i'm not sure if i want to, how about the history of tsunami or ocean rise? he said, no, no, you're a military historian. and i said do you have any idea? >> paris and americans, that's a great idea except there were no americans in occupied france. he said i'm sure i'll find some. [laughter] >> so 18 months later i find out there were am

army led the lights in a protest against the law. their leader gender she. was arrested. the opposition says the indian government broke the new law to create a hindu muslim divide but it may have cause unintended splits many in the ballot community traditionally marginalized by upper caste hindus are now questioning the law their opposition along with that of muslims has the power to change governments go to the class activists say will be at a serious disadvantage if the government asks for multiple documents to prove their citizenship historically they have been the setlist landless people so which document they could possibly have the leads and the muslims are the water of change they represent change in the society. if they are being pushed to the wall they will vote for the change. our looks father believes the law is a way for the government to die we're at attention from economic problems but it also provides an opportunity to target ballots. the thinking of those who are privatizing government sector is they will give jobs to the people not the ballot they want to sell them but these women are

indians in minnesota. [laughter] he is sent west, causing problems or pemberton. john bowen, he causes problems for john pemberton. the largest division in the army, the two of the three generals will ignore commands at the battle of champion hill from pemberton to move north. if you noticed, the majority of the fighting takes place in the northern part. if you look on raymond road, there is not a major union push. very small numbers will hold there. on the middle road, not a lot of heavy fighting. most of it will occur in the northern portion of the battlefield. through the day, pemberton will trail the southern portion of the battlefield. come up and support. carter stevenson needs help in the northern part. bowen and lori both ignore orders. where do they learn that? what has pemberton been doing all along? ignoring orders to get out of vicksburg. they learn that from johnson himself. even down to brigade level, immediate a before champion hill, pemberton will relieve the brigade commander who had surrendered fort henry, commanding the brigade here. i probably would've been better had tillman said ok, i relieved everyone, i will go everyone el

indian identity and their right to live here is being questioned will continue to fear for their future so whole rahman al-jazeera you delhi. a government appointed commission to me about says the army probably committed war crimes against rohingya muslims but not genocide the commission found security personnel used disproportionate force including killing civilians and destroying homes of nations prosecutors say genocide was committed during the crackdown on the muslim minority 3 years ago around 3 quarters of a 1000000 fled to neighboring bangladesh where most remind a former head of interpol has been sentenced to 13 years in jail for bribery in china bar home ways trial was one of the most high profile during presidencies you things anti corruption campaign the 1st chinese to head the global police coordination artsy went missing after resigning 2 years ago after his arrest in china he admitted receiving $2000000.00 in bribes while the government minister his wife says the charges are politically motivated. thailand's constitutional court has acquitted leaders of an opposition party of attempting to overthrow the monarchy but the future forward party faces other legal threats to

indian administered kashmir this was in the northern district tensions been rising in the disputed region for months and police have now been since 3. we're keeping an eye on the entire region the army and police forces have launched a search operation and barricades have been put in front of and behind it all the search operation is ongoing and vehicles are being checked. a palestinian family has had its home destroyed in silwan in occupied east jerusalem israeli officials say the structure was illegal but the family told al-jazeera they had intended to contest the demolition order imran khan's been to that site with the house once stood so this is how the new year began for one palestinian family their house was torn down by the israeli army in conjunction with the municipality now the israelis say that this structure was illegal they didn't have a permit for it and therefore it was legal for it to be demolished the palestinian families say they actually had a court appointment at 10 am where they were going to fight the demolition order and it was at 9 am when the israeli army came in in conjunction with the municipality and taught this structure down other palestinians have long

iran's conventional military, as well as the other army, china and russia had done a naval drill with the islamic republic in the indian. talks about great power competition, we are seeing some of america's peer competitors be willing to support iran against america. willingnesshina's to engage is a signal to america. --america steps ups pressure steps up pressure, they may use iran as upon with the united states. host: let's hear from hicksville, new york on the democrats line. caller: hi. host: go ahead. caller: i am actually iranian. i live in new york. questions for you. my question to you is who is general james mathis -- james mattis and what is his title? host: james mattis is a former defense secretary. is that your question? caller: yes. that was a question. imaniomment is general sole was an army, illegal army general. he did his job. he was not a terrorist. terrorized -- to be terrorized by mr. trump. he had appointments with iraq's leaders for peace talks with america, for americans. for him to be terrorized the way general soleimani, he did his job. he did not put a bomb between the twin buildings. he was