of labor by gender. he puts more and more of the agricultural work and the fieldwork and the responsibility of enslaved women and more and more of the enslaved men working as artisans and craftsmen it is a very carefully constructed program to take the labor that he had the enslaved labor and to apply it to new kinds of farming. washington understood what he was trying to do was unprecedented. certainly, he was not going to get any advice or suggestions from the british agricultural that he read. he devises a new type of supervision that was enslaved, it is original to him. it allows him to supervise much more closely than he ever had before. he devices these weekly worker reports. they eventually are kept in the format of booking format. even though there is no money. not knowing the monetary values recorded but rather each plantation in indebted for the number of labour is they had and then credited for the work that those labor did over the course that they did. he received these every week. they woul

a new kind of specialization of labor and and it's a specialization of labor by gender. he puts more and more of the agricultural work the field work on responsibility of the enslaved women, whereas more and more of the enslaved men are working as artists and craftsmen, but it's a very carefully constructed program to to take the labor that he had it on firm in the slave labor and to apply it to new kinds of farming washington understood that what he was trying to do was unprecedented and certainly he was not going to get any advice on our suggestions from the british agricultural treatises. he wrote i mean that he read and he devises a new kind of supervision of the enslaved. is original to him and it allows him to supervise labor much more closely than he ever had before. he devises these weekly work reports which eventually are kept in the format of of bookkeeping formatted even though there's no money. i mean transferred not know a monetary values being recorded but rather each plantation is in rec is indented for the number of flavors. they had and then credited for

eight labor unions voted to ratify and four rejected. they demanded more paid time off and threatened to strike on midnight on december 9. a strike would devastate the supply chain and shut down the country. experts estimate it could cost the economy up to $2 billion per day. president biden has indicated he and his administration had failed to resolve the dispute. it now falls to congress to stop the strike and ensure there is no repeat of last year's supply chain crisis. today, we are considering the terms of the tentative agreement which goes above recommendations. the agreement is more than fair for the railroad workers supported by eight to 12 of the labor unions. and the other four were excepted and negotiated by the leaders of those unions. this bill is supported by the frates -- frates and shippers. i appreciate the workers. as somebody who has a great working relationship with them, i can understand their concerns, which is why we are at this point where we are asking congress to step in to support the tentative agreement. why a

with the labor phillips curve. it was not to do with that >> so another way to frame the question is i think a lot of us thought the lesson we learned when unemployment fell very far and we didn't get inflation, that maybe over time, before you were in charged the fed erred on the side of being too tight. i think the concern is that will we fight the last war and because of this experience, the fed will be reluctant to experiment with a low rate of unemployment in the future >> i'd love to have that problem again. if we can get back to it >> so you've got like three years left in your term. you think you can pull this off so we can run the n equals two experiment >> absolutely. >> claudia song, song consulting so, the question i had is we've had unexpectedly fast and large rate increases this year and that has pushed up the dollar relative to basically any currency in the world. we've seen likely more financial market instabilities so the federal reserve's dual mandate is for the united states and yet are you worri

force -- the labor market. of elevated labor market tightness emerged suddenly in mid-2021. the unappointed rate at the time was much higher than the 3.5% that have prevailed without major signs of tightness before the pandemic. implement -- employment was millions below is level. looking back we can see the significant and persistent labor supply shortfall opened up during the pandemic. a shortfall that appears unlikely to fully close anytime soon. comparing the current labor force with the congressional budget office's pre-pandemic forecast of growth reveals a current labor for shortfall of 3.5 million people. this shortfall reflects both lower than expected population growth and the lower labor force purchase a patient rate. participation dropped sharply at the onset of the pandemic because of many factors, including sickness, caregiving and fear of infection. many forecasters expected participation would move back up fairly quickly as the pandemic faded. for workers in their prime working years it mostly ha

so as we look at the labor market today, including today's jolts data, what you see the labor market, a real imbalance between supply and demand there are 1.7 job openings for every unemployed worker, everyone looking for a job the so-called jobs workers gap is about 4 million, meaning if you look at all of the available jobs including people who are working and look at people who are in the labor force, who are looking for a job, there's a 4 million shortfall. so you're in that world and, you know, we think that we -- there's a job for moderating demand in there and getting the labor force back into balance. >> you don't think that there's a possibility that we should have a period of catch-up, of wage increases above this sustainable level. and that businesses with relatively flat profit margins can absorb some of that without passing it through >> that's the question of the worker share profits and that kind of thing is not really related to this. right now, people's wages are being eaten up by inflation. so what eaten up by inflation. so you want to have inflation stable and have

announced amendments to the labor code.ifically touch innovations, when they can earn? yes, we have indeed made changes to the labor code and have already passed the first reading. now these changes are being prepared for the second reading. representatives of the national assembly in the house. but, and i will note global such important changes. and this applies to remote work, when in the twentieth year in order to send an employee to remote work. it was necessary to make changes to the contract and we understand that the norm was temporary, we are making changes as temporary, including the norms of not only permanent remote work, but also temporary work, while then this is changes to the contract, or you can resolve the issue through an order, that is, here such management efficiency. well the second direction is combined work, when the employee has the right, and to work during the week, part of the days remotely, part of the days directly in the office; the second direction - this applies to large families. this concer

the railroads have historically be a flashpoint of labor activism and setting the model for labor relations for much more than a century. it was in the 19th century, there were bloody clashes between the army and railroad workers. people were being put in jail. also in world war i, the eight hour day came to the railroads via woodwork -- woodrow wilson. it is not just a strike of a few tens of thousands of rail workers, it will set a mitral -- model. biden claims to be the most prolabor president and here we have an occasion in which that could be demonstrated. and also in terms of whether it is sick leave or just a schedule that workers can live with, this would be a rail victory. a better contract in an industry which is making enormous profit, could set a pattern for lots of other workers. i will say one more thing which i think is in this moment of botheightened labor activism and also enormous resistance, not just better contract put forward in congress, which could happen. bernie sanders is -- has deared he will not vote fo the bill unless there is more sick days, but i think a delay

we look at a wide range of data in the labor market. i would start with unemployment, the typically single statistic you look to come at a 50 year low, 3.5%. we are getting nothing in labor supply now come a very small increase this year. we thought we would get that back, most analysts thought we would get some labor supply coming in. you mentioned wages, that is a mixed picture. it is true with average allergy -- hourly earnings it is finding out -- flattening out well below what would be inflation. with the rating this week again a mixed picture the headline number was a disappointment. let's just say was high not show a decline. there was some rays inside if you look at the private sector workers that did come down. overall, the broader picture of an overheated labor markets where demand substantially exceeds supply. job creation still exceeds the level that would hold the market where it is. so, that is a picture. we keep looking for signs, the beginning of a gradual softening is happening. maybe that is there. it is not obvious to

also from the strong demand in the labor market. we see significant demand and a tightening labor market. i think overall it is not tightening or loosening. see those things. with those tell us is our job is going to require some resolve in patients over time. we will have to stick with those things. we take all that as a given, but we know what our objective is and tools can do. so we think that. >> saving for the last question. >> nancy from marketplace. i am wondering has the window for a soft landing narrowed? do you think it is possible? jerome: has it narrowed? yes. it is it possible? yes. i would say it was going to be difficult. i think to the extent rates have to go higher and stay higher becomes harder to see the path as it narrows. i would say it narrowed the last year. it is hard to say. you know, i would say that it is sort of a rate of data in the labor market is unusual. too many economists, there is a path -- ordinarily there is a relationship to gdp going down and vacancies declining. translating into unemployment.

and as i said, the labor code. precisely the meetings that pushed us and gave us an order to amend this law on social services, which today has also been drafted and will be submitted to the house of representatives, this is adopted and will enter into effective from january next year. disability rights act. that is, these are our main basics - this is everything that we heard from people, and we are trying to implement it as much as possible through legislation, which in this context is the number one issue for you personally today. for me as a minister question number one i will formulate in the words of the president, a specific person, a specific problem and specific solutions so, every day. the hottest sporting event for the number one game in the small gulf country built everything from scratch hard training and exciting competition. that is, it will be an uncompromising struggle, an interesting game and my career for my story. it will be a great event if we can achieve this result. -volitional qualities of v

total will receive labor pension. we have either two or three million people, and the main share - more than 80% - is, of course, our old-age pensioners who have generally reached the established retirement age. the social security fund worked with a surplus for ordinary citizens who are now at the screens. explain what it is and, in principle, can we say that it worked? it's bad when there is a shortage, when it's bad, when there is no money, when there is a surplus of goods - it's always good. for both the state budget and for the family budget. what is it like when income exceeds expenses. so, for 10 months of this year, the revenue part of the social protection fund worked more than the expenditure part, and in fact we got a plus today, and we received 18 billion in income from this social protection fund when we saw it. here, today, incomes are coming at a faster pace. but there is an opportunity, and we have taken this step since december 1 , raising the pension. of course, this success pleases, not only the fun

to the labor code. what specifically to touch on innovations when they can earn. yes, we have indeed made changes to the labor code and have already passed the first reading. now these changes are being prepared for the second reading in the house of representatives of the national assembly. but, and i will note global such important changes. and this applies to remote work, when, in the twentieth year, in order to send employees to remote work. it was necessary to make changes to the contract and we understand that the norm was temporary, we are making changes as temporary, including the norm of not only permanent remote work, but also temporary work, while then this is not a change in the contract. and you can resolve the issue through the order. that is, such efficiency of management. well, the second is combined work, when the employee has the right. and work during the week part of the days remotely part of the days directly in the office the second direction - this applies to large families famili

so the second point is labor market.so understand what the labor market is like in our country today. here is such a level of inflation, the level of unemployment that develops, a 3.9, therefore, for the year a, which means that it says that we actually have a shortage in the labor market and, accordingly, this is a deficit. well , in an amicable way, it supports wages, and in our forecast for next year, we really have included a growth in real wages of 2.6%. well , we have a guarantee. no matter how yes, so 6% we predict average annual inflation for the following year. and that means, respectively, an increase in wages of 8.7%, respectively, as if exceeding - this is real inflation, and this all creates, as it were, the basis of what we really have next year, and the real disposable per capita income of the population. they will stop stagnation in our country, as this year we, of course, will see a certain minus this year, because the inflation jump, and next year, as inflation stabilizes, its simply nominal income. we

i didn't say it in vain labor pensions. today we have two types of pension, social pension and labor social pension. we have them tied to the subsistence minimum budget. they are indexed and rise in a different schedule in relation to the subsistence minimum budget. this year we have increased these social pensions four times, and on november 1 of the last one, the increase in social pensions was also increased this year. we have 18% on a. in total, he will receive a retirement pension. we have two and three million recipients, and the main share - more than 80% - is, of course, our old-age pensioners who have reached the generally established retirement age. the social security fund worked with a surplus for ordinary citizens who are now at the screens. explain what it is and, in principle, can we say that it worked? it's bad when there is a shortage, when it's bad, when there is no money, when there is a surplus of goods - it's always good. both for the state budget and for the family budget. what is it like when income e

we also had 22,000 people leave the labor force after 57,000 left the labor force the month prior., may be because kids of gone back to school and mothers have decided to stay home. we are not seeing people drawn back in because there are jobs available. lisa: that's where i wanted to finish up here and get your impression of why the participation rate is going down? despite the wage gains in the job openings that we see in the survey? randall: this is one of the great frustrations the fed has, why are we not seeing people come back into the labor market? i think it is a variety of factors. the older workers are saying, i know a lot of people who did not make it through corona. i want to make sure i have time with my kids and grandkids. you are seeing lower partition rates by older workers. in younger workers are saying if i can not work from home, it's not worth going in. it is not enough to draw people in. part of that is because even though wages have been growing nominally, the real wages, inflation-adjusted wages have not been growing strongly. tom: dr. prof randall s. kroszne

as i said earlier on, we look carefully at the labor market because we have a very tight labor marketn this country. it's interesting there's a lot of evidence that the economy is slowing. there is some evidence that labor demand is starting to slow but we still have a very tight labor market. we have a smaller labor force today than before covid. >> are there indicators that carry more weight than others? parks no, we have always avoided that sort of debate. that means that individual pieces of data get too much significance. changes over time, the things that we look at in the economy more than others the pen on the situation. the labor market right now has a close focus because it is so tight. >> we had a column that i'm sure you've read saying it was the bank of england's lack of pension fund oversight that ousted liz truss. what do you say? >> i did read the column and he made two points. the first was pension fund oversight. we did organize a stress test for parts of the system back in 2019. it seemed an interest rate strategy. it was a bigger stress than the last quarter-centur

and there again during labor during the heat of labor right the pain of labor be pressured to sign onsterilization but as commonly or even more commonly a doctor would just simply do the sterilization without permission. many people were not told that they were sterilized until they were released from the hospital. fannie lou hamer who's a very famous civil rights activist who will talk about later in 1965. she claimed that 60% of the women who came out of her local mississippi hospital had all been. realized they became so common that people locally called them mississippi appendectomies. they were that common just like removing your appendix. this happened all over the country and really it doesn't end in the 50s. it escalates into the 60s and 70s and in fact, you have this become so much a part of the experience of reproductive healthcare for women of color that it affects women. who were too young to even get pregnant you have young women who are sterilized as young as 12 and 14 because doctors imagine they will be unwed unwed mothers in the future. and as i said this really affec

she has been a labor columnist, teen vogue, since 2018 and her writing on labor class, politics and culture has appeared in the new republic. the washington post, the baffler and the nation, esquire and many others. kelly has also as a video correspondent for more perfect union, the real news network and tv. previously, she was a heavy metal editor. advice and was a founding member of the vice union fight like hell the untold story of america is her first book, who. accident maximillian alvarez, the editor in chief of the real news network in baltimore, the author of the work of living, the host of working people, a podcast, the lives of jobs, dreams and struggles. the working class today. prior to joining the real news, he was an associate editor at the chronicle higher education and graduated with a dual ph.d. in history and comparative literature from the university michigan. his work has been featured in a range of outlets, including the nation, in these boston review, truthout and baffler and i also we lost panelist to the vagaries of covid. i read her book as i did the angela garbes c

there, again, during labor and during the heat of labor, the pain of labor, she would be -- pressuredgn on to sterilization. even as commonly, more commonly, a doctor would just do the sterilization without permission. many people were not told that they were sterilized until they were released from the hospital. she is a famous human rights activist. in the 1960, five she claimed that 60% of the women who came out of her local mississippi hospital, had all been sterilized. they became a so common that people, locally, called them mississippi apendectimies. it is just like removing your appendix. this happened all over the country. it does not end in the 50s. it escalates into the 60s and 70s. in fact, you have this become part of the experience of reproductive health care for women of color, that it affects women who were too young to even get pregnant. you have young women who are sterilized as young as 12 and 14. doctors, imagine they will be unwed mothers in the future. this really affects black women, latinos, and natives. the indian health service is one of these agencies that i

i appreciate the understanding for struggles or food, shelter, health, dignity of those who labor with their hands. perhaps my own back story explains my affinity. i grew up in working-class government housing in london. there is a single small bookcase with a paperback edition of mice and men was among its contents. that little book spoke to me with the directness thomas dickinson thomas hardy could not match steinbeck's advocate was him cursive nonetheless it was heartfelt and genuine and on and balance it served as a force for good and still can. as a transplant from another country who sought to find home in various places across america for 35 years, i am drawn to steinbeck as a regionalists who understand the power of attachment to place his value of having the ugly truth of how the most recently read californians sometimes develop their own sense of belonging by dehumanizing even newer arrivals a process of regionalism through reaction that remains alive and well across the west in america. i appreciate steinbeck is a chronicle of place his celebrated the decency and humanity of

>> the labor data.he labor market as inflation remains higher and stickier and not transitory. they have been talking about the labor market trying to get rid of job openings. the beverage curve, which is the jolts data and the wage data. i think if you do not see softness in either of those two reads, it is going to be difficult for the market. jonathan: are you saying good news is bad news for marbury at -- labor market data? alicia: we are back to the world where a softer, real economy will the more pleasing for the fed and means whatever their target is five, to five-and-a-half is still the right target. the issue is, if you get no softness in the labor market, and we have not seen any softness in the labor market in the aggregate data, we are going to have to go higher. in the end, every that hiking cycle ends when the fed fund rate is above cpi. we are not there yet. jonathan: what are you thinking the fed funds is going? we get some projections in the next fed meeting. the last fed meeting, where

a dogma taken hold has led to constant cost-cutting on labor. combine that with lack of strong public policy, failure to raise the federal minimum wage and lack of resources to enforce labor standards and worker protections and erosion of bargaining rights. so how do we resist course? coming to an agreement, working on these good job groups, ourselves included and what is exciting is is a growing convergence and consensus about what a good job is and that's around the idea that is not just about wage, a good job is something we need to think about comprehend civilly and something workers and employers and government together will be necessary so this particular definition was created by good jobs champion group this month and published aspen institute and families and workers went and it's a good definition signed on to by hundreds of labor research and other stakeholders including ourselves here but runs out everything about a good job good jobs are jobs that provide stability, mobility and voice to workers and pay families same wages and criti

the prime ages of 1965 in terms of participation and labor. in the bottom quintile only 36% of the workers constitute 36% of prime age work force. at the top quintile, it's more than 100% because of people working and beyond with voting and younger than the prime age work force. so right there we've got a big difference by who's working and whom they work and work half as many hours in the bottom quintile and twice as many hours in the top quintile. that after that the choice of occupation is ineducation and a master's degree in education science and master's degree in biological science and there's another 2% that comes from experience. the average person in the work force s will double their income and in the final 17% comes from earnings on savings. on, that's earned income and we've already occurred that transfer payments affect this a lot. there's the census data. the biggest thing is in synovias transfers are -- census transfers in social security and employment with temporary assistance to needy families and thoughts about it all. they

kriti: you mentioned the labor market, exactly where i wanted to go.urious about the plethora of issues that face the market now. i will hand you another list, bear with you. we are talking about the housing market, the jobs market, inflation stemming from not just wages but from commodities as well. what is the biggest issue now? matthew: i think for things like the housing market it is an area where the fed tightening is working. we have seen them signal a more aggressive and hawkish stance that got embedded in the 10-year treasury yield and mortgage rates and the knock on effects of that into mortgage procedures applications, housing activity, is almost exactly how you would anticipate given the housing affordability shock. where i think we are not seeing the impact as of yet and where it is most important is in the labor market. when you look at recent data, there is not much evidence of an allen says correcting job openings relative to unemployed individuals. this is a measure chair powell highlighted on a number of indications. there is 5 million

we don't learn about the efforts of the filipino labor union in the salinas valley in 1934. affiliated for just a single whip in late august. but precise moment when steinbeck whose hometown was salinas, began working on the book, affiliated with the mostly white salinas vegetable packers association, the mob violence directed against the fla in september and the positive resolution of the strike that the fla managed to achieve later that month, received no mention in the novel. nonetheless, in dubious battle was a success, the san francisco news invited steinbeck to write a series of articles on the oklahoma families, migrant families who were in california. at this moment, his life and work took a turn. his developing literary talents became more directly connected to a contemporary context. steinbeck met with federal administration official chills, who want him to promote the governments fledging system of sanitary camps in the state. steinbeck tore the migrant camps in the sand walk a valley, and witnessed -- developing literary stance. as a neutral, not on theological o

there are jobs out there, dagen it is still is a strong labor market for people looking for work then for the last year or so getting, people back to work we probably are missing four million people many should be working could be working who are not we wondering what happened to those workers. >> 8 months in a row that we've had 8% inflation dagen, 5% wage growth that can't go on or workers keep getting poorer every month i can't wait to see what happens with that wage number given 8.2% inflation. dagen: tyler quickly, but i got a notice that apple was raising its music apple music price 10% all the people at apple store yesterday a lot of them if they got wage increases, they said, of course, not. . >> yes, i think that is one reason why i think that headline number will probably be a little bit stronger than expectations simply because when real wages are going down kind of incentive for firms to hang on to workers even hire a few more workers. so i am going to be looking at what happened to average hours because are typically what happens when we see a labor market slowdown first

indeed, he chose a labor secretary in secretary marty walsh, whose deep personal roots in organized labor joining laborers union 223 at age 21 and served as the boston building trades before he became mayor of boston. together, the white house -- the administration and the congress, we have proudly stood with working people. under president biden and our pro-union democratic majority, we're able to protect pensions, promote the pro-act for collective bargaining and create good-paying davis-bacon jobs in the infrastructure bill, in the chips and science law, and additional legislation. . weep believe that the middle class is the backbone of our democracy. and we believe that the middle class has a union label on it. madam speaker, today we are here to safeguard the financial security of america's families. to protect american economy as it continues to recover. and avert a devastating nationwide rail shut down. we all know that for too long the railroads ownership have made obscene profits on the backs of workers. selling out to wall street and its outrageous precision scheduled railroadin

uh, to use forced labor.he camp barracks, punishment cell, infirmary, workshops, forges, and we would like a memorial complex to be created on this site for the victims of the prisoners of the nazi dulak concentration camp, 142, which, e, will include as a zone with mass graves of civilian prisoners of war. as well as a zone of preserved historical objects, uh, which need to be restored and musicalized. uh, well, there are such complexes as buchenwald and dachau in germany or auschwitz in poland and uh, they do not leave anyone indifferent and, undoubtedly, in addition to preserving buildings and perpetuating memory. uh, brutally tortured prisoners. we would like to m-m create a multifunctional museum here as an educational center that would unite and schoolchildren and students. e, local historians, academic representatives, search organizations and volunteer associations. we believe that this complex can become a major center for the preservation of historical memory and will not let you forget about the cr

, and so we go into this with a strong labor market and excess demand in the labor market, as you can see through many different things, and also with households who have strong spending power built up, so it may take time. it may take resolve. it may take patience it's likely to get inflation down i think you see from our forecasts and others that it will take some time for inflation to come down it will take time, we think. so sorry, was that getting to your question there? housing, the housing part of it. so we look at housing, of course, housing is significantly affected by these higher rates, which are really back where they were before the global financial crisis they're not historically high, but they're much higher than they've been, and you're seeing housing activity decline you're seeing housing prices growing at a faster rate and in some parts of the country declining. you know, i would say housing was -- the housing market was very overheated for the couple of years after the pandemic as demand increased and rates were low, we all know the stories of how joefr heatoverheat

job report is expected to show the labor market is still tight. survey shows that employers added 195,000 jobs in october. the jobless rate has been estimated to increase 0.3%. oprah endorsed john fetterman in the tight senate race. mehmet oz, his opponent, was one of oprah's death in china -- one of over his colleagues. in china, they are possibly stopping their covid zero policy. right now, carriers are banned for specific routes into china for up to two weeks depending on how many covid positive passengers they carry. global news, 24 hours a day, on-air and on "bloomberg quicktake", powered by more than 2700 different journalists and analysts in over 120 countries. i am lisa mateo. this is bloomberg. ♪ >> from the u.s.'s point of view, it is about tightening conditions in the u.s. economy is so doing well. they will still be repeating the pivot rate. >> one of the very best. the market looks like this going into payrolls. we are higher by zero point 8% on the s&p 500. the jobs report is around the corner. it :00 a.m. eastern time. yields are lo

it it would put damper on labor force participation. sure. in on earnings and is also going to what reallocate resources. so you lose efficiency. you look you lose productivity, lose growth. it would just be, you know, very unfortunate. you know as an old politician once said, if you get everybody in the wagon who's gonna pull it. yeah yeah that all about with you i thought yeah well yeah i the now i've got one of the thing the one of the elements in the book that is in the tone and way it's written and in some of you said today, especially you talked about the 50 years of remarkable accomplishments in the united states, was that now that you've counted correctly, i want to just see if i got right and seen that the child poverty rate or the poverty rate so low as bruce meyer and others have shown as well, we should we should say it well that we at least have accomplished that. mean, do you think raising the material of america and so that there are fewer whose materi el well-being whose resources in their is many many fewer of them who are be

a big opponent of state intervention in the labor market.ems to me that the right way is - after all, it is not the state, some jobs are not qualified , but after all, the stimulation of the economy and through the economy of the labor market, mr. sergiu well, you talked about that that the number of vacancies, unfortunately, is not increasing , er, while preparing for graduation, i came across information that this is precisely the decrease in the number of vacancies, well, in the previous month, it increased a little, but by 3%, are salaries themselves, or is there such a tendency for earnings to increase? it seems to me that the labor market and the economy is now somewhere at the bottom, most likely there won't be any great drop in the labor market and we will grow slowly the only question is how intensively we will grow and the question is whether the war will not spread to other regions because, in principle, now we have a localized front line and, in principle, there is some understanding for business that, for example, dnipropetrovsk

but, but 1st, why, why the labor party? you know, from a part where both south williams, i'm se wales, which was the industrial heart class of wells. labor is the traditional party of that part of the world. yo, yo much further west light. i could have imagined you being a nationalist part of the plight come re while i had to make a decision very early on in life. by the time i was 14, i knew that i had to decide for myself, was i a nationalist or was i a socialist? and i knew then that i was a socialist being was really matters to me or history or language or culture. i'm profoundly welsh in that sense. but politically, i continue to believe that the interests of working people in wales are not dissimilar to the interests of working people in scotland all in england either. and that we are better off forging alliances between people whose interests are similar. i'm making progress together rather than thinking that in the end, the accident of geography because that's where you're born, isn't it? yes, it's an accident. you

the bureau of labor statistics presents data on conception. for the last 20 years the bottom 20% of american have on average spent twicea as much asa measured income. the second has spent 11% more than their measured income and the top quintile has spent only 50% of its income even though there is no financial data available that suggests people are saving 50% of their income. now how did all this happen? well, what we have done is we have gone back to 1947 system set up by censusd to measure income all the decisions that have been made. and basically the conclusion is that the census bureau does not count two thirds of all transfer payments by the federal, state and localto governments as incoe to the recipient.ne even the census numbers are routinely compared to tell us what has happened to income equality, the census numbers do not adjust for taxes. well found that if you count all transfer payments as income to the recipients, if you deduct taxes paid from the income of the people who pay taxes most of whom who never see the income. that w