and maybe from the very start berlin, encourage the white colonists to settle in south west africa and take away the best land from the local drives. the germans were actively draining natural resources and using the local population as a cheap labor source. this was causing major protests and led to a rebuild your in 19 o 4, they hear arrow, and nama drives rebuild against the german colonial rule. kaiser wilhelm the 2nd was fully determined and ordered to suppress the rebellion with the up most severe a date against the inhabitants of nan. maybe a germany through is 15000 well equipped army all around the country. concentration camps were built in humane medical experiments over citizens were conducted within the period of 4 years. the german scaled up to 60000 people, among which there were 80 percent of the here railroad tribe, and 50 percent of the number dr. the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century, stand not without reason. park compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be hitler's the solve unit foot on t

the events in south west africa are called the 1st gen and nod without reason, just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be a game brown, colonial uniform which flows the world into the chasm of the 2nd world war. the the and the 1st is, was students of the counseling universities, the union 3. so writing keys most with citizens of belgium, poland, and the us. for example, under the state body, squeeze the oldest my down, the cause you to that was to the radicalized part of ukrainian society. the people who pretend it to be christians, of the so called ukrainian orthodox church, independent of moscow, reached out to from the might end stage. where to join the approaches those pre for one's neighbor the cm piece. but instead from the boston alarm of the most church pres, hoping they oppose the kuta, the control refreshing functions that assume that no good, that was to go approach my done. i've clicked on mutual life done. of course, the issue was somebody do lots of steps looking us investors to fuel on us parted with the customer relationship with the customer for the use the wa

the, from the very start. berlin encouraged the white colonists to settle in south west africa and take away the best land from the local drive. the germans were actively draining natural resources and using the local population as a cheap labor source. this was causing major protest and lead to rebuild your in 19 o 4, they hear arrow, and nama drives rebuild against the german colonial rule. kaiser wilhelm the 2nd was fully determined and ordered to suppress the rebellion with the up most severe retake against the inhabitants of nam may be germany through its 15000 well equipped army all around the country. concentration camps were built in humane medical experiments over citizens were conducted within the period of 4 years. the german, skilled up to 60000 people, among which there were 80 percent of the here railroad tried and 50 percent of the number dried. the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century, and not without reason are compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be a hitler's the solve unit foot on the same

from the very start, burling encourage the white colon as to settle in south west africa and take away the best land from the local drive. the germans were actively draining natural resources and using the local population as a cheap labor source. this was causing major pro, test, and lead to rebuild your in 19 o 4 here arrow and nama drives rebuild against the german colonial rule. kaiser wilhelm the 2nd was fully determined and ordered to suppress the rebellion with the utmost severity against the inhabitants of nam may be a germany through is 15000 well equipped army all around the country. concentration camps were built in humane medical experiments over citizens were conducted within the period of 4 years. the german, skilled up to 60000 people, among which there were 80 percent of the here railroad tribe, and 50 percent of the number dr. the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century, and not without reason are compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be a hitler to solve unit foot on the same brown colonial uni

the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century, and not without reason are compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be hitler's the solve unit put on the same brown colonial uniform which puts the world into the chasm of the 2nd world war, the the welcome act across ok, we're all things are considered. i'm peter in the mail to remind you we're discussing the upcoming nato summit. the okay, let's go back to our guests in a, in one in a day in k, the, i'm sure you came across the article by john mearsheimer um, titled the darkness ahead where the ukraine war is heading. and it's a fascinating piece of writing and, and, and, and it's a big picture which everybody really wants to understand. and he, his conclusions when i a widely a respect to his work. but then he, there's one element here that i think could, we could have almost like an endless discussion about and is conclusion that this could end up in some kind of frozen conflict, which i find that could really kind of fascinating. people mentioned the, the co korean

the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century and not without reason. park compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be a hitler's a solid unit foot on the same brown colonial uniform which puts the world into the chasm of the 2nd world war the that of ukraine's main orthodox. christie and monasteries placed in custody for 30 days is key of accused as the metropolitan of supporting russia. also this all. the washington makes a multi $1000000000.00 credits eclipse to encourage woodson for sweden's procession to nato, as according to pulitzer prize winning journalist seymour hersh. finding an old, named government official food emergencies declared in nigeria as prices in the country skyrockets. we speak to the local people about the crisis. the image on the is a lot. i.

the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century, and not without reason are compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre of unit food on the same brown colonial uniforms which force the world into the chasm of the 2nd world war the i don't understand if you're able to do any kind of a scale shift. i personally, i've got that gotcha packages you would have thought of. i should have thought of easy let's go back to mr. additional escape when part is done in proteins gym and occupied territories towards origin. but they're not coming up at all for these boxes on the case that things are on your the nazis destroyed. his pond is on unit, but the young man was saved by red army soldiers. the origin simple. yeah, that was a little you sure. the last couple got the will be on your financial future. just brushing a check is vickers on yours? was the try to go to salt because i will take a demo and you call me at the merch, if not, well, it's good to go. the digital suspect additional escape spot of the trial and sentenced him enough to insure

the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century and not without reason part compared to the holocaust just do decades later after the massacre in nam may be a hitler's a solid unit food on the same brown colonial uniform which puts the world into the chasm of the 2nd world war, the hello and welcome to the cross stock where all things are considered i'm funeral about is the west propaganda war against pressure beginning to show graphs. the military situation of your brain is being revealed as grim with anything approaching optimism fading. nonetheless, the by the administration and the inner parties, soldier on wasting.

the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century, and not without reason are compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be a scalars. the solid unit boat on the same brown colonial uniform which forced the world into the chasm of the 2nd world war. the l. look forward to talking to you all. that technology should work for people. a robot must obey the orders given by human beings accept. we're so shorter is a conflict with the 1st law show alignment of the patient. we should be very careful about the personal intelligence at the point, obviously is to breaks a truck rather than to the area. i mean, with artificial intelligence, we have somebody with him and the robot most protects his phone. existence was on the highly the let's city with the temperature is 3 degree higher already from the neighboring down woods, you know, right. because the other townships having chucked up the trees, but in tucker in the name of development, and he's our 1st to become a capital like a single we are all going to or organizations and just

the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century and not without reason. park compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be a hitler to solve unit foot on the same brown colonial uniform which force the world the end of the chasm, of the 2nd world war. the see where the, the, i guess the, the interest of different things because i've spoken of shouldn't this but think you'd be willing to go down to few spoken catch up to see it was this will be the most serious close. i use this key members here when there was a resume and they did it through it when williams saying, if they have come, you love, it even goes faster than that. oh my gosh, as usual, cuz i need for someone debris. i need ship escalating, some of the brothers just one is correct. is that correct? because kamisky what we'll do is we'll do a split system. it's a junior start, go to pretty good to do so. instead of with the blue, i'm going to do much to put them so. so here through the the on december the sixteen's 2021. the ukrainian parliament approved law num

the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century and not without reason. park compared to the holocaust just do decades later after the massacre in nam may be a hitler's the solve unit put on the same round colonial uniform which puts the world into the chasm of the 2nd world war. the, i'm also proud together with to be true to be launching on new twilight, full partnership with thailand and ukraine. and this demonstrates the united kingdom is willing and ready to stand shoulder to shoulder with allies across eastern and central europe. just a moment. i mean, she is an issue, so i don't see other professions about the volume, the audience, the nations are done, you used to spit on you. okay. and these political new vanya gnostic, so i just think of, since i can't have spanish, in my sense of both sides to move, to show like everybody was really in the class. so what i'll base key is probably by the name escapes me and prince. and then so as long as, and after those little game or post, keep a lot of what i'm paying as a whole new e, as in you, that my sor

training camp of the namibian partisans, which was located in angola. people's organization south west africa, as it was officially called, it had a military wing, which had the plan designation of the people's liberation army. namibia in these training centers. within a few months. we trained partisans in a whole range of specialties for artillerymen. in signalmen medics, e-e tankmen, after training at training centers on the territory of angola, they went on an operation. uh, in namibia, the desert territory is about three hundred kilometers 300 km across the desert. how much water do you need to take with you, food, plus more weapons explosive ammunition? well, that's all, the rest of the radio station is all great to you. three hundred kilometers in order to carry out the operation and in 90% of the 100 uh they did not return back, because the south african troops yor destroyed them. you can imagine what her motivation was. uh, how focused they were. uh, how eager they were to fulfill this task of liberating namibia even at the cost of their lives, and we saw this and we understood, there

the people's organization of south west africa, as it was officially called, it had a military wing, had a plan designation by the namibian people's liberation army in these training centers. within a few months. we trained partisans in a whole range of specialties for artillerymen. in signalmen medics e-e tankmen, after training at training centers on the territory of angola, they went on an operation. e in namibia, the desert territory is about three.

the events in south west africa are called the 1st genocide of the 20th century and not without reason. park compared to the holocaust just 2 decades later after the massacre in nam may be a hitler's the solve unit put on the same round colonial uniform which puts the world into the chasm of the 2nd world war the the, the of the laws which do a search as well as the other way law lives as the comfortable as the good news about this this is this a boost of scenes was doing a bunch of movies. do you see it was the the show the newborn instructions to choose those phones is c as ashton. yes. this was on the this is that it's on the, in some of the be assessed by using the terms of the new stuff with the new states. because each of these are the ones is letting you must also remember who you're going to need. so even with a full just mostly, yep. us particularly on possible the dish. people support the preferred you. oh, good for the look which deal with 0 for the next week and washers and the soonest cook the full just cause that'll be on the cookie. to do, gibson this, to be the usual li

them from taking on good that because if they've gotten so we're not still the 3 our selves and south west africa would not be there today. so therefore, there is so much of our people who change here in maybe emitted tied to the areas or the intelligence on the, the sort of jazz and the others when just typical year for so many kids in medicine and many others because they've got a new bodies and all you need does, does it does is, but these are the people get into that. but so they do, you know, and keep the phone on monday. but that means on developing this goes right. and then you guys say me fussing at me. thank you. for, for that, we'll never forget, but now that the joe put a to today's web, the odd to do an inside the guy is a free country. we never footboard with our friends and we have passed. and then i know that there was want to determine who am i, the friend, and what we should not be friends with and the bins into them. but the good features for us as monday last that we don't choose lou and name is going to choose you out. a name is to be right. name is can be our friends and then

go camera room, german, east africa and german south west africa. even before the 19th century germans had been profiting from the slave trade. now colonist sees the entire territories, culminating in a genocide in the media in 19 o. 4. meanwhile, growing numbers of africans were arriving in germany. the probably akin is a british historian who researches the history of black europeans the the clooney outside of sophistic for the understanding colonial period is important for the emergence of a black community. asked them, i guess it was the 1st time that hundreds, if not thousands of black people were able to come to germany. and of course on come con when he's in us, feel refreshing the game for many different reasons. so some i'm several 100 people, for instance, were brought over for the human zoos, the turret germany or across europe in storage, some months small, cannot find out from their 1st appearance in the 18 seventy's. these as an illogical expositions proved extremely popular with the european public at the hanover. so in 1913, the open

is looking at setting up partnerships with countries like australia, but also countries in south, in west africa, where there is lots of potential for wind and solar power. and australia, of course, plays a very crucial role for germany because it is a stable democracy ties bilateral, ties go back decades, and germany has given itself a green hydrogen started. you know, the idea here is that hydrogen can become to prime energy source of the future. and if the process that tons water into hydrogen can be produced with renewable power then and this is a cutting a very long process. so then the source of energy can be climate friendly and for the transition period, gemini is building island g infrastructure, but it always has the goal that one day, those pipes, etc, can be used to deal with hydrogen. so one day it would be used for germany still production and also for chemical processes and the transport sector. so sips and truck slurries can also use hydrogen to transport goods. and that is of course crucial for germany, which is an explanation. and besides the commitment detecting time of change

south . capitalism is located in the west. we can take advantage of this opportunity from china to the opium war to south america, from asia, east asia to west asia, south africa. they made me believe that the fate of israel is the same as that of south africa it is a year old, give me a very short example. please give me a brief answer. it seems that the apartheid regime in south africa also had access to the atomic bomb, but it did not cause it to be destroyed. well, there is no short answer, and my last question is for you, please, on the site of the developments in the relations between iran and saudi arabia. in recent events, we have seen that the anti-zionist struggle in elementary schools has increased. just today, it was reported in the news that saudi arabia did not allow israel to participate in the unesco meeting in this country. tell us about this. do you think this change can affect the relationship between iran and saudi arabia? can in the future let's have palestine. a short question. the answer of several countries in the islamic world and in the arabs and in the region of saudi arabia, iraq, palestine to iran. these countries are the flag coun

from this the opportunity to use a sewing machine from china to the war of south america from asia, east asia, west asia, south africa, the model of the toilet, the model maker, officially and practically , the class system, apparatuses to make a boy fall in love, written by israel, soon , similar to south africa, i have two questions, healthy , very short, please answer please, south africa also had access to the atomic bomb, but it did not cause it to be destroyed. well, i have no short answer and my last question is for you. well, on the site of recent developments in the relations between iran and saudi arabia, we can see that the anti-zionist positions of saudi arabia today it is reported that saudi arabia israel has not been allowed to participate in the unesco meeting in this country. tell us about this. do you think this change can affect the relationship between iran and saudi arabia? what effect can it have on the future of palestine ? and in our region, it is important that saudi arabia, iraq, and palestine are confused between the countries, the flag countries of the countries that will change if there is

, the west, we know the thousand to south africa.l, i would say that for us, first of all, this is our victory, definitely. responded to the arrival of africans leaders led by armopos to ukraine, we had little hope, on the contrary, we said that it could play in favor of russia, uh, the gift of the apostle twice called the war a war, so that it was a little unexpected for the position of the couple, then he returned home to the couple, and in his statement the war was not mentioned, the conflict was mentioned, but we see the result. that is, it is the pressure of various factors of various factors . is it possible after the victory to move on to the problems? yes, of course, for what we are saying. but yes, of course, i will talk about these problems, but i will emphasize once again whether there are victories, and even possibly contrary to some expectations, and yes, it still worked, and the fact that these letters were in kyiv and the fact that they had direct contact with zelensky and the fact that she was in front of the bombing,

, the west, we know the pressure of south africa. would say that for us, first of all, this is our victory, definitely definitely . and in his statement the war was not mentioned, but the conflict was mentioned we see the result. that is, the pressure of various factors and various factors. and as a result, we received this very important symbolic victory, which means that we must work despite all the problems. if it is possible or possible after the victory to move on to the problems . of course , for what we are saying. but yes, of course, i will talk about these problems. zelenskyi and the fact that she found herself in front of the bombing and it worked to some extent, yes, and now. if we talk about problems, look, i just returned from a big seminar in warsaw, where there were various problems of relations in the countries of the global south. there were many very experts directly from the countries of the global rooster. well, i am not a novice in this topic, after all, i visited ten countries and it seemed to me that i understo

countries are a hope for us on molly says the bricks will help to fight when they called west domination. south africa says russia, africa, and the whole somebody plays a key role in growth and prosperity. so bob roy says, we need more summits like this. and mozambique says it's important that african countries receive permanent memberships at the united nations security council. kind of ruined the same time slot. we enjoyed the summit, central african republic cheese. we really enjoyed ourselves. and of course a come over and items talking about the historical ties between the russian federation, the soviet union, and so many different african nations ofa recent decades. now just a bit earlier in this program here i was speaking with natalie. yeah, she's a come a rudy and switched octave as an a business woman. she said, well that's a good deals with professional partners in the west. it's clear that some of those are a little bit upset. the african states are building relations with russia. we are dealing with the west and we are in a period with the gemini, of the west is question any challenge. an

influence of western governments in north west africa — is declining: compare it to a shrinking water hole in the dry season, western influence. it's drying up in the southit's drying up in the sahel countries, the whole area of north—west africa. one by one, countries are kicking out western forces, severing their ties with the western international community and instead, a number of countries have teamed up with russia's wagner group who has, for them, a very successful business model. if you take a triangle of government, wagner group and a population, two out of three of those do pretty well. the governments get a bespoke security service from this mafia—like organisation, the wagner group. the wagner group enrich themselves with mineral resources like gold mines, diamonds etc. but the people that lose out are the populations because their countries are essentially being plundered of their natural wealth. but mali, burkina faso, central african republic have all decided they would rather work with wagner than the un and french and american forces. president putin is hosting african leaders at a summit in st petersburg. but far fewer of them are takin

africa. we're talking about youtube. oh jerry. yeah. morocco, ecuador, you're the. so we, we had a china is building more south east west. every single part of africa you will have fine chinese fine as a chinese coast trip to construction what we will call what one of course will be in into a honda is the next model for the 13th meeting of the root bricks group. doing no other one the expectations here. this of a is it more of a sort of, um, i know just to, to be that will be making perhaps new deals with brazil and india and perhaps in the russia as well. uh, in the south africa is a, as in the brakes and china, the south african relationship actually goes way back even during the, during the um, the china supported the amc struggle against a part i region in south africa. so the chinese relationship with south africa just not only state to state but was a party to party in a, a n c regularly send. it's godrays to china, to train on there is a communist party of china. so the china in south africa relationship is very close and both of them are in the breaks organization. now it was the biggest push that breaks organizat

but if you go further south into north africa, particularly in the west, you'll find the larger areas of writing. they're not so much in sierra really as they were on yesterday's full cost of that not jerry, i'm up into for example, chad and sudan. and these, a big sentence to almost a flash flooding seems quite likely the after world war 2 fronts has great empire began to unravel in vietnam to most of the statements. i was in the streets discussing with joy kissing each other. and algeria, she lives until she was a split, even though chinese managed to beat the french army. why not die? to decline continues an episode to us legends, his french t colonization on outages era. the, [000:00:00;00] the book back you're watching, i'll just say right, here's their mind. if i tell the story, is this our new, she has been a truly safe from says planning an attack on the presidential palace to free hosted present moment buses. fighting between arrival um groups inside the largest kind of thing you refugee, you capital level known as code, at least dozens of you need to sign. it goes into the a

africa. we're talking about youtube. oh jerry. yeah. moran, gold, ecuador? yeah. yeah. um, so we, we have the china is building north, south, east, west. every single part of africa, you will have fine chinese fine as a chinese coast construction because i think is opportunities in global trade grove auto used to say both explorers how the confidence, bluetooth it's business. the business ranged of britain, france, germany. um portugal always seem to show the loudest when it comes to human rights, democracy and defense of the so called free world. meanwhile, they're not too keen on revisiting their own central historical role in the genocidal exploitation of. 8 africans these former, you are paying colonial powers, inflicting vast suffering on the resort rich applicant called killing millions of people as being trillions of dollars in resorts as it seems. africa can look forward to a better, broader, unfair future with this old colonial masters increasingly likely to be left out in the cold. bridge countries represent close to 40 percent of global population and working together. we can truly be catalytic progressive for us, for a more,

countries of west asia and north africa under the pretext of an address, he appears on the headwaters of the niger river for one night, then he takes his french, and then he is recommended to southeast asia, and france , the permanent colonizer of west africa for 300 years , can be seen over 20 countries. france is an important western country, especially uranium reserves, but what happened to the electricity and financial aid that the european country of france has to race, and this country has very poor people in the world , so now the anti-french groups in this country are so fierce that they set the french flag on fire. i am the same guy who started the french energy debate it should be noted that since the time of francois hollande, the large presence of french troops in niger's neighboring countries with military equipment, although europe and the french tank announced last year 9909 100 french troops from mali, which is now more than a thousand french troops in niger, at the level of the press and the european media announced that the french forces have withdrawn from mali, but in my opinion, if they have withdrawn and the armed forces are in the neighboring countries of

so i mean, while we got some west of weather pushing toward south africa over the next couple of days until the much cooler in cape town. the latest news as it breaks, hold on one side, the authority is our payment for tom on the other side. now it's finally at the monday justice with detailed coverage, the where has resulted in the closure of many hospitals. and that puts a lot of pressure on the medical staff here from around the world. the operation and jeanine would last no more than 48 hours. the consequences, the impact of what has happened to you. the last for years the prime minister, such as land of the country will get direct access to a force of damage. wants to increase the cut on the gross but how far as they prefer to go. and what could he think of his.

>> the various groups that are in africa well south and west africa xangdzed in capability they have aspirational extent to strike the united states or interest in europe or elsewhere. they have not done it yet but they have aspiration to do that. the particular threats you're talking about in west africa are expanding moving down parts of the coast. they have destabilizing large sections of west africa. doesn't matter to the united states -- is there a national security interest at stake there? that's for others to decide i would argue, though, that there are some key countries there. that if they became destabilized there would be a still other effect that's why we have a limited number of troops working to missions to help countries secure themselves against those threats. these are al qaeda affiliated events this is not a local group of gorilla for whatever local reason is these are like isis they're -- al qaeda derivatives, they have ideology it is not a threat to the united states it is not like a rash or china. but they can do significant damage as we saw in 9-1-1 and if we do

i really, i, i with a mix dials say, meanwhile we got some west of weather pushing towards south africa over the next couple of days. and tony, much cooler in cape town. right . know collins and public confrontation. young people across the u. k. a pushing that 40 on the line, the fullest attention was the issues that my so to that climate change is a symptom of a system that's breaking down. when every other route fail, the divers option was to be left open for democratic societies or one to allow for there to be no politician in this country. as i was shut down and on saturday, people have generation change. phone out is era. the welcome back or mind to about top stores. this is preston test suites. it's for evaluating that the hard one, a treatments somebody's nation will be protected. the tweets came out as off the soldiers. it on national television, climbing over through vigils, had been held in kenya for people killed during anti government protests. the opposition has ruled outs, mediation is austin, international criminal court to open an investigation to engage the police for

west and emerging power. as brazil, russia, china, in the south africa, are taking the power away from the west and making something completely on their own. and again, something that we've been discussing for a long time, this multi polo world. why do you think the news is sort of taking the 8th 8th or use of change or in the angles of how we look at things. i mean, talking about the fact that the president of the russia is not going to south africa. why is that news? i mean, he doesn't have to be at everywhere, right? i mean, it does, i mean, it's an m, as he said, he's going to be uh in st. petersburg, which we will be covering as well. uh, i'll call these will be guy out, but, but why is this a saying? i mean, why, why did people have to talk about why he's not guaranteed that because it's very beneficial for them as always, for western mainstream media to portray vladimir police and that someone we cause someone who is being persecuted, he's afraid that he will be arrested, which has nothing of that kind because not only that, the south african president blatantly say there in his statement that something like

have a source of revenue, their attacks have been spreading further and further south, countries on the coast of west africare very concerned that this will spread. so locally and internationally, because some of the jihadist groups are linked to islamic state and al-qaeda, is very real, and both the french and us have forces based in niger, it has become their base with tackling the counterterrorism effort, so there is a vital strategic interest there, the french have a strategic interest as well, niger is their main source of uranium, fuelling their nuclear power industry. so there are some critical interests in the region which do concern... the eu has a big interest because niger is part of the migration route. so that is why we are seeing such a strong and quick reaction to this coup, because of nigerfalls to quick reaction to this coup, because of niger falls to an uncontrollable government, there are high risks for the neighbours in the west. you mentioned _ the neighbours in the west. you mentioned moscow, and i also mentioned moscow, and i also mentioned how the neighbouring countries have turned t

climate, including disrupting rains that feed crops for billions of people across south asia, latin america, and west africa, a drop in temperatures in northern europe, higher temperatures in the tropics, and faster sea-level rise along the coasts of north america and europe. it also further threatens the amazon and antarctic ice sheets. this comes as water temperatures in florida soar past 100 degrees in the ocean, triggering signs of mass coral bleaching. the water in the florida keys hit a world record high of 101.1 degrees fahrenheit this week. in immigration news, a federal judge in california has blocked the biden administration from enforcing a measure prohibiting migrants from seeking asylum at the southern border, without first applying for protection in a country they passed through on their journey to the united states. but u.s. district judge jon tigar has delayed his ruling for 14 days, keeping the policy in place while giving biden officials time to file an appeal. tigar's decision was praised by immigration rights activists, who've condemned president biden for supporting asylum bans similar