by the end of the system, the soviet system, within the parameters of the former soviet union, an active role, that is how i presented my credentials in the opening pages. >> host: gary kasparov of do you see similarities, do you see similarities to what is happening today to the soviet system as the previous generation? >> i am always cautious in making direct appeals. i understand every comparison might be questioned because we cannot afford a similar pattern but at the end of the day the atmospheres are different. if we go back, how many states at that time played a vital role in the global arena? ten? is it is of very small number of states so today you have a different picture. you make a direct projection to 1975, in 1975 it was a fight between two systems, very powerful soviet system. many followed the soviet model, soviet union was not powerful militarily but also as you know a lot of money, the economy at that time people didn't know how week that was. so i think today, to actually say we are moving into a new cold war era scare some people. not exactly 1962, this is not ronald

the idea was we may be -- do we want to wipe out china just because we are war with the soviet union?here are these sorts of considerations. what they're trying to do is a matter of escalation. you want to make sure there is no way the soviets can use nuclear weapons spasmodically or beneath that threshold that allows them to get an advantage that encourages them to think that they could somehow use these weapons and use them effectively to have some kind of political gain out of it. so that is the weapon i think. >> it is also the case that if you go back through a detailed history single integrated operational fire of our nuclear war plan it never was purely cities are soviet forces. if you think if you think about it a lot of soviet strategic forces for damage limitation purposes my want to attack were located in populated areas. so so you were kind of getting a twofer if you will. and both target categories persisted over time. kind of independent of the the decisions people likes messenger made a secretary of defense from a strategic standpoint. that is that is not widely underst

it is in the soviet union. the continuing race for the moon with the united states of america, the soviet union launched two new cosmonauts. the launchings of june put the soviet union ahead in a race that was not forecast to be over until the end of the decade. ♪ the history of man in space is short. but the conquests are many. the free press of the world was invited to photograph the launches of the united states. in 1961, the soviet union launched [indiscernible] into an provided this motion picture of the liftoff. the united states launched over shepherd. next in space was gus grissom, photographed by hundreds of international photographers. then the soviet union announced the launch of [indiscernible] and released this film. in 1962, john glenn went into orbit launched from an annapolis atlas booster at cape canaveral. followed three months later in the mercury capsule. in august of 1962, [indiscernible] orbited simultaneously launched by two separate boosters from the soviet union. one launched within 24

tells the story of george, an american citizen for almost 10 years who shared secrets with the soviet union. others include to does manhattan project veterans later revealed to be soviet spies. this is 50 minutes. >> why don't we invite the mostly in dayton, i guess, but also in oak ridge. oak ridge. robert s. norris whose book is the definitive biography of general leslie groves and we have copies of it out there for you. he'll talk about how groves took the -- made basically an intelligence revolution in taking security measures to new heights. and yet how the project had these spice that were instrumental in giving kirchitof and the soviets the information they needed to advance their work on the atomic. >> boomer:. we -- bomb. we have a couple of eye witnesses who will tell you what it was like to work with these spies. set the stage. >> thank you cindy. is this microphone on? way in the back? well, i could talk about all the things that cindy talked about. i think that groves through his obsession with secrecy and not letting any information out really was one of the architects of not

the soviet union did a lot of pretty horrible things. stalin murdered many more people even than hitler did. he eventually became anti-se mettic. few jews e remained communists by 1940s except for what you might call the true believers. a true believer really believes and it's impossible for a true believer to not find a rationalization for explaining almost anything. he kept his political believes all the way through up until 1944. i had long ago gotten rid of them and became much more interested in physics than i was in politics. our relation began to deteriorate as he kept trying to push me and eventually my bunk mate asked for a transfer and we got out of there. we got away from him. that's the beginning of my relationship with him. it didn't end there because when greenglass was caught he sung like a canary. he did mention to the fbi that it he considered contacting several sympathetic people to act as spies. he included me among this list and this is the reason he gave his handler. he said he's a good fellow. he organized a petitio

the sfim is a hangover from the time when kazakhstan was part of the former soviet union. >> translatorthe soviet system involved the state taking over and sorting out every little problem on behalf of the people. people were passive bystanders as the state came up with solutions. even though the soviet union is no more, many people still have the old mind-set of leaving problem solving to the local or national governments. >> many parents find themselves in difficult situations. this mother was on the verge of despair. >> whether or not to give up their babies, many mothers are having to make an agonizing choice. astana, kazakhstan's capital city. it's said to be the fastest growing city in central asia, attracting people from all over the country. construction began in 1997. the population has grown to 850,000 in the last 15 years. a pear natal hospital in the city center. expecting mothers start coming here when they are close to delivery. around 10,000 babies are born here every year. there's a special room in this hospital. >> this baby wrasse brought here seven days after delivery

to pressure the united states and the soviet union declared war on japan the only avenue they had to send this sort of unconditional surrender was game over for japan. we forget the vital role of soviet diplomacy play. hopkins wanted to clean up the house. roosevelt was dead. maybe that he could get healthy enough that if the president needed him he could call upon him to go on further missions to the soviet union. hopkins wanted to be high commissioner in germany after the war. george marshall ultimately becoming secretary of state and the marshall plan the idea started with hopkins and 44 saying i would really love to be in germany after the war doing for germany what we did during the depression. how about adobe a pa, rebuilding infrastructure in germany and thus rebuilding the economic engine of europe. so hawkins began to transition and get interested in postwar reconstruction and that would've been his ideal job in the high commissioner in berlin. he might've been ideal defensive is the only american and other roosevelt was dead to the soviets so trusted and he might have be

under the soviet union, we didn't have all these colors. everything was black, white, or beige. >> every item in her shop is 150 sam, about $2.50. that's about half the price of other stores. it is a low margin, high turn over strategy. but in the past two years, the number of customers has decreased and business has gotten tougher. >> translator: now i barely sell 3,000 sam a day, each on a good day i only sell 6,000. i used to sell 20,000 sam worth of merchandise on some days. 20,000. i'm worried that fewer customers are coming to the bazaar. it's because of the customs union. >> gulya's comment about the customs union refers to a new economic grouping led by russia. russia, the regional power, wanted to boost its economic ties with the former soviet republics. vladimir putin, at the time, russia's prime minister, spearheaded a new customs union. it began in 2010 with three countries, russia, belarus, and is as act stan. -- kazakhstan. the agreement removes customs duties and various restrictions between members. the idea is to promote tr

you know, reagan talked to be able to beat the soviet union. the press his staff said, we need to have a meeting about this, we need to make a plan. this is the greatness of reagan. he believes in the common sense of the common man. he didn't just believe it, he lived it. they all came to him and said, this has to stop, we need to have a whole discussion. reagan summed up the battle with the soviet union in four words: "we win, they lose." if you ask reagan today -- when i go back, the senate just voted on being able to hold the president in check for negotiations. [applause] rep. mccarthy: if you ask reagan today, should he signed on the current agreement? i do not think he would use for words, he would use two: "hell no." you know what is ironic? we have the democratic administration going through some of the same challenges that jimmy carter went through. those two presidents of both won the nobel peace prize, unlike reagan, who brought more freedom to tens of millions in the world than those two presidents. there is a quality of reagan that

he also understood that with the collapse of the soviet union there was a period of time in the world in which mischief might want to extend itself. and as he watched saddam hussein occupy kuwait and try and take over what could have been in combination with his own resources 25-30% of the total petroleum resources in the world, bush was willing to accept as leader of the united states the responsibility to lead a coalition to get saddam hussein out of kuwait. he drew a line in the sand. he said this aggression shall not stand. and it was not a soft line, it was not a maybe line, it was a definite line. and he then went about and built a coalition an amazing coalition considering that iraq was a nation in the middle east with decent relationships with many of its arab allies, bush built a coalition that included virtually every arab nation including syria. i remember a very memorable meeting with assad. we went to switzerland to meet with him and assad dominated the conversation for about four hours. but in the end, he agreed to join the coalition. and then bush built up, piece by pie

then soviet union put it in another museum. and a we found it in different places in the museum. >> rose: what happened in the throne room? >> in the throne room, well, there was a big mat of soviet union, precious stones and here we usually display for big ceremonies and here we display the important ones. >> rose: right. vladimir putin gave the museum -- >> the 250th anniversary. >> rose: to faberge. yes. >> rose: he gave it to you from where? he acquired it or -- >> he acquired it. it was bought by russian businessmen. >> rose: and presented to the president. >> presented to the president to give it to the museum. >> rose: that's how i heard it. >> this is the way to return back thanks. >> rose: so these russian businessmen, oligarchs, very wealthy, as they travel around the world, they see art for sale. >> and most of their directions are baroque. >> rose: yes. so it's not easy to make them -- to say to them bring them forever back to russia. >> rose: vladimir putin as your president would like for his hermitage -- >> well,

the soviet union is realized americans had something greater than what they were revealing.ow omaha falls into this history is going from the martin bomber plant, testing of aircraft, to becoming an air force base in 1947. with that, strategic air command , in 1946, was looking for a new home. they were placed in control of the strategic bombers and primarily atomic bombs. it was a big challenge, should we have to watch an atomic attack to obtain the bomb from one government agency and transfer them over to a command. the department of defense created strategic air command to control all of that. as strategic air command grew, and gained more bombers, more support, and ventured into greater weapons and pursued ballistic missiles and station those around the country controlling all material weapons and the coming the nuclear deterrent during the cold war. in addition to the b-29 at the museum, we have a variety of aircraft ranging from world war ii up to the end of the cold war. we have a b-52 the first one made operational or strategic air command in the air force, a b 36, o

the end of world war two-w foe e soviet union. the cold war gripped theationeat increased as the soviets capablf reaching the u.s. as well as their own atomic bomb. to manage fears was thru development of civil defense programs - bomb shelters, fallout shelters, but also through the development of defensive technologies like the nike missiles " "one of the ideas at theery end of war was to develop a missile that you could use to shoot down airplanes. that missile would have a higher and longer range that you could do and if you had enough of them, in theory, you could knock out bomber formations better than the guns. it was put on the shelf initially after the war bn '47-'48 and quickly worked up to be deployed around the united states." metropolitan areas of the u.s. especially if they were involved in manufacturing and create a "ring of defense" around each site. of 30 to 50 miles. the idea was forces before bombers got to the city so you needed them out in a bombers could come from any angle, you needed to build a circle aroundl

a lot of comparison being made to the soviet union and united states engaging in the soviet union and for advocates of this plan look at that. we did that once. it will work for us again. there is actually a situation some is parallel and more recent history. here is president clinton talking about the nuclear deal with north korea. >> this agreement is good for the united states, good for our allies and good for the safety of the entire world. it reduces the danger of the threat of nuclear spreading in the region. it is a crucial step towards drawing north korea into the global community. jenna: you know what happened approximately 10 years later. we think we have a deal. don't have a deal. north korea is now nuclear state. why is this different than that joe? >> the north korean agreement was about four pages long. this thing is over 100 pages long. nothing is being left to chance. everything is being written down to make sure there is no wiggle room and no mistakes. and then our job will be to enforce this agreement over the life of its, of this agreement. that i was a generation w

were struggling against soviet domination in various parts of the world, whether it was in the soviet unioncaragua, or afghanistan, we were increasing our efforts to support those people. we also denied them hard currency, much less had any agreement that would have bolstered the soviet economy. and because we had that approach the soviet union fell apart, and that is what made a more peaceful world, the elimination of that regime and i'm afraid that without fighting by the way, i'm afraid that this treaty that you are talking about and promoting today will do just the opposite than what we saw succeeded, and that is it will actually impower them rather than make it a more peaceful regime and make peace more likely empowering them in the long run will create more chaos, more likelihood of war, because they are the main proponents and supporters of terrorism, and of course hatred towards the west that we have seen coming from their regime. we all know in this body -- we have been aware, for example, the repression and the brutal retreatment of people within iran and -- like the mek who are s

"tomorrow morning samanthand her folks fly off for a two week vacation in the soviet union at the invitation of kremlin leader yuri andropov paid for by theussians." the soviet premiere asking about prospects for peace." anything her classmates would beaking. for sure if she was actually nervous. i don't want to go. then i think like, oh i do wanna go. i can't make up my mind." great opportunity the russian government does try to make propaganda, it's good for people to talk to each other." "we think that it's a small risk for the chance of opening up talks on a fundamental level." world would be watching. did last summer', one 11-year-oldepe facts that sound like fiction." "samantha's received so much mail, it's organized by category - well wishers, notables, pen-pals." she were a visiting head of state. the russsians know very well who she is because of all the publicity the school girl has recieved in the soviet union ever since she wrote her letter to leader yuri andropov asking for an end to the makingf nuclear weapons." "first a visit to the tombf the unknown soldier outside the kremli

and although a lot of folks really are in a bit of denial on it, the fact is the soviet union took one look at the economic capacity of the united states to build up its military capacity command gorbachev coming in the office understood that they're was no way they could compete. what he wanted to do was to begin to interact with the us and western allies. reagan built it up and bush understood the opportunity that the world had after nearly a half-century post world war with two superpowers with chairman tremendous nuclear capability. bush understood the opportunity was they're. in his own style he began to build the western coalition necessary to take advantage and a relationship of trust and cooperation necessary to the united states and the soviet union. the european allies were not as eager as george bush to move quickly. bush with a series of meetings was able to convince them that the nato allies should take a significant step in terms of announcing a reduction of us troops and armor in europe and invite by that act and equivalent reduction or even a greater reduction for the s

to the negotiations with the soviet union. had nuclear weapons. if the russians cheated, we could go back and build more weapons. with iran, it is an asymmetric threat. therefore, we need a broader strategy toward curtailing or constraining iran's behavior in the region. president reagan never deviated from his belief that the soviet union was an evil empire. he spoke out continuously about human rights, religious freedom and the dignity of the individual, especially in places like the soviet union, where people did not have the blessings of america's freedom. i am waiting to hear from the administration what the larger policy is reporting those people inside and outside iran who want a democratic representative iran that respects the dignity and human rights of its own people, and believes it should be at peace with his neighbors. we have not seen that from the obama administration so far. mark: is it your contention that perhaps we should go back to the drawing board and written his deal up? if you were negotiating the deal,

it is far and away the soviet union. but if by who won the war we mean who read to the most advantage from the conclusion -- reaped the most advantage from the conclusion of the war than the advantage is clearly the united states. let me conclude with one last grizzly note. i am going to read you some numbers here about death and world war ii which makes this point in a slightly different way. these are hard to hear, these numbers but they make an important point. i should say by backdrop that we believe the world war ii is the first war, certainly the first modern war, in which civilians casualties outnumbered military casualties. keep that in mind for a moment. the united kingdom, our great ally in the war, hundred 50,000 dead, about 100,000 civilians -- 350,000 dead, about 100,000 civilians. china, 10 million dead, 6 million civilians. poland, 8 million dead, 6 million civilians and the great majority were jews. japan, one of our principal adversaries, 3 million dead, one million civilians st most japanes civilians ki

ronald reagan negotiated with the former soviet union. richard nixon negotiated with red china. you have to negotiate sometimes with people to make the world and your country safer. we negotiated because president obama thought the primary challenge here was getting a nuclear weapon away from iran and we believe this deal does that. >> dickerson: secretary moniz, one of the opponent, prime minister benjamin netanyahu of the 24 day waiting period on inspections, he said, you wouldn't tell a drug dealer, give them 24-day notice they just flush the drugs down the toilet, do they have a point? >> i don't think that's an option with nuclear materials. the first point is that under iaea engagements, they had no timeframe for resolving issues when going to undeclared sights. getting defined timeframe is very critical. there has to be a process to go through with the p5 plus one to force in case of dispute, force inspection. iran otherwise to in breach. 24 days we feel confident to detect any nuclear activity very long after it has occurred. >> what happened mr. secretary can with any t

first of all soviet union than russia. in 1989 it looked like maybe the south would go.y wanted independence. and maybe siberia they wanted independence because they had gold and aluminum. we could become a state and we are healthy. our economy would be bigger than our neighbors. list the site now -- let's decide now. whether you like it or not, not you or those suspected. someone comes and said this integration is not good. there will be a way. look what happened in georgia. there was a war. it's not good for people. thousands, many thousands, got killed. war is not good. you will last me this question in any sense. crimea, six or 7000 dead. that is what we know about crimea. i don't talk about natural death. but as a result of this very very provocative territory. was it annexation? i heard westerners, very modern very well-known westerners, i heard from paris and very official gatherings where one frenchman said "well you can look at it as the annexation of crimea but you can also look before the annexation of crimea there was a coup and they got rid of the elected pr

we are doing nothing to provoke the soviet union. we are happy that they have agreed to resume the disarmament conference. i went to some length to extend ourselves to make the proposals that i would hope would meet with acceptance of the peoples of the world. we would like to believe that there could be some success with this conference, although we have not been too successful. i know of nothing that we have in mind that should arouse the distrust or provoke any violence on the part of the soviet union. reporter: does the fact that you are sending additional or a -- forces to vietnam change the policy of relying mainly on the south vietnamese to carry out offensive operations and using american forces to guard american installations and act as emergency backup? pres. johnson: it does not imply change of policy or objective. reporter: when you like to see the united nations now move formally as an organization to attempt to achieve a settlement in vietnam? reporter: i have -- pres. johnson: i have made very clear, my hope that the s

which is one of the first intercontinental bombers that could fly from the united states to the soviet union one of four left. the ec 135, looking glass command-and-control aircraft that mirrors the control that strategic air command headquarters had overall nuclear weapons should the headquarters be taken out. from 1961-1990, this aircraft was in the air 24 hours a day seven days a week. we have the aircraft that flew the last mission. why do we have these aircraft here? mainly for preserving the heritage and history behind strategic air command, cold war, and all those that were part of that. >> find out where c-span cities tour is going next online at c-span.org/cities tour. your are watching american history tv all weekend, every weekend, on c-span3. >> next week in on c-span's road to the white house, two major political agents from iowa, and we are the only place were you can watch or listen to these in their entirety. friday night at 8:00 p.m. eastern, live in cedar rapids for the hall of fame dinner. all five democratic presidential candidates share the same stage. all day saturday b

information from the nsa to the soviet union. those last throw arrests all happened within the same week. and the nsa, robert pelton case an incredibly damaging case. pelton worked at the nsa 14 years, gave over highly classified information to the ussr, ended up getting sentenced to three life terms in prison plus ten years. for how he sold out his country to russia. three life times plus ten years. is a long time. when they arrested pelton, 1985, sentenced 1986, the last any body heard of robert pelton. turns out the test of time has proven that the guy who was arrested three days before ronald pelton, jonathan pollard, the guy who worked in naval intelligence spying for israel. turns out of all of the traitors unmasked in the year of the spy, out of all of the reagan era, cold war, espionage cases this one, jonathan pollard, one that is a constant source of news and high level intrigue for going on 30 years now. pollard went by the name jay. considered a smart guy. his dad a professor at notre dame. he went to stanford. at one

reagan went and said we are not standing down from our missile defense systems, and guess what the soviet union came to the bargaining table after that. we've had iran on the ropes, and now they are a real threat in the middle east. >> iran is not the soviet union. we're talking about a country that doesn't have a navy. that does not have an air force. >> let me john finish. >> we talk all the time about limited government and how we don't want our government meddling here and we trust it to meddle around the world, and we expect good results. at some point do we look at our track record and say we're not good at had. we make things worse off. >> defending the american people is not muddling. when you have a country that's soon going to have ballistic missiles that will reach the shores of the u.s. then the u.s. as a whole has a guide math to nuclear weapons, assuming they even adhere to this grumt. in a few years they're going to have these weapons. they said what they want to do. this is an extremist regime. same thing in the 1930s. >> iran is exploiting us. he was brilliant with the triangul

and the soviet union would have nuclear arsenals totalling thousands of bombs. to develop the bomb, tests like this, the largest ever, were quarried out. >> fire. they were done in remote areas, but released fast amounts. the global arsenal peaked in 1986, at over 65,000 war heads. fears of an accident or a mistake, along with the break-up of the soviet union led to a band on testing. the u.s. and russia reduced their arsenals, both have over 7,000 nuclear war heads. france, china and britain have arsenals over 200, followed by small numbers in pakistan and israel. the world may not be at war, but 70 years after the dawn of the atomic age, they remain an important part of each country's military capabilities >>> a massive manhunt is under way in mexico for the escaped drug king pin joaquin guzman. a prison video has been released showing him leaving through a hole in the shower floor of his gel. john holman gets first hand access to his room. >> reporter: behind the maximum the mexican security prison where high profile prisoners are locked up. none more notorio

and soviet union would have thousands of bombs. to develop them, atmospheric tests like this were carried out. these were done in remote areas but still released vast amounts of radioactivity. fears of an accident or mistake along with the breakup of the soviet union led to a ban on testing in 1996. the u.s. and russia have reduced their arsenals, but both have over 7,000 nuclear warheads. britain has over 200. followed by pakistan and israel. the world may not be at war. but 70 years after the dawn of the atomic age they remain an important part of each country's military capability. >>> the family of a man killed by police in los angeles are seeking an investigation into the 2013 shooting. video footage was released on tuesday under orders from a federal judge. [gunshots] >> officer said they shot him because they feared he was reaching for a gun. police tried to keep the video from the public. >>> a manhunt is under way for guzman. we got firsthand access to his room. >> this is the maximum security prison where more dangerous h

there were only two actors in space at that point: the united states and the soviet union. and the key provision in there is "no property rights in space." absent property rights how can we engage in moon mining extraction? that's going to be an interesting question that has to be worked out. and there's lots of lawyers who deal with space law who've been debating this for years. but until there's actually a test case it probably won't be resolved. >> all of the international laws that's and all the regulations we have about space exploration are designed for states. so we don't really have any laws or regulations in place for corporations. >> if we put too many rules in place right now that lead to us not being able to open space, i think it would be an obscenity. i think it is anti-life. >> the most vocal supporters of a space free-for-all are the corporations and their billionaire backers. they insist it is not only their right to stake a claim in space, they're scratching a fundamental human 'itch'. it may appear rather abstract -- but 7 billion people back on earth, se

the soviet union economically before the soviet union checkmates the united states. that was put and that will show up in the page but i found it back in the "des moines register." the the soviet union imploded and the wall went down in berlin and that was the symbol and the iron curtain came down and it went crashing down and people flowed freely back and forth. the free world had defeated the ideology of communism that was the soviet vers of it. and it can be restored again mr. speaker. . . we are the people that because of free enterprise, because we have idea people with good educations and a solid moral foundation and a good work ethic, this country has generated more patents than anybody else, created more inventions than anyone else, cooperated with especially the western world and with the creativity that we have. and we've been able to rise up against ideology after ideology, defeat three of them during world war ii and defeat soviet communism in a 45-year period of the of the cold war. now we're faced with -- period of the cold war. now we're faced with ano

we don't know whether iran will change its foreign policy just the way the soviet union didn't change policy. we need to focus on the technical aspects. if senator cotton read the agreement. i have it in front of me. it's 80 pages. i've been reading it as we're talking. i used to do arms control for a living. this is a technical subject that involves an arms corolla agreement. it's not a world shattering agreement and the president was wrong to say it prevents iran from going nuclear. they can do that if they violate the agreement. they've been able to do that for years. it's an arms control agreement. it makes it harder for iran to go nuclear. easier to verify if they try and gives them incentives not to do so. that's the limited nature of this agreement and it should be sold as such. >> as we talk this morning about reagan and comparing this to some of the deals that reagan made in the late '80s, the salt agreements, it bears repeating this morning that ronald reagan was eviscerated by conservatives as being weak-kneed and weak-minded whether it was human events or other conservativ

and soviet union reached agreement 14 years later on additional provisions to enhance america's ability to verify soviet compliance. so this all leads me to believe that congress should be, and we are, and we have the ability and authorities to compel a better deal should it choose to disapprove of this one. what are the key differences between the jcpoa here and the cold war examples other than the fact it was a treaty and there were multiple parties? >> well, one of the principle differences is that we have not had any engagement or any dialogue with iran since 1979. and the lack of diplomatic relations even which is different from what lack of diplomatic relations, which is different than what we had with the soviet union, makes this a very, very complicated situation. so you have to take and analyze what is achievable here in the context of the threat, the nuclear program, and i believe given the nature of the political system in iran, the challenges with respect to their own politics, the notion that we're going to be able to go back to the table is just a -- it's a fantasy. there

and the soviet union would have nuclear arsenals disposing thousands of bombs. do develop the bomb tests like this, the largest ever, were quarried out. >> fire. into they were done in remote areas, but released fast amounts. the global arsenal peaked in 1986 at over 65,000 war heads. fears of an accident or a mistake, along with the break-up of the soviet union led to a band on testing. the u.s. and russia reduced their arsenals both have over 7,000 nuclear war heads. france china and britain have arsenals over 200 followed by small numbers in pakistan and israel. the world may not be at war, but 70 years after the dawn of the atomic age, they remain an important part of each country's military capabilities >>> former president george h.w. bush broke a bone in his neck. his spokesperson said that the 91-year-old is in a stable condition in hospital. and will have to wear a neck brace. he is the older president and has a form of parkinson's. >>> farmers unearthed a grave that could contain thousands of bodies. they are hoping to find graves where there were batt

the president kind of analogyized to the soviet union era.e a line of arguments saying unless the regime changes its fundamental character, we should not do this. lindsayey graham said unless they are willing to certify they are no longer a state sponsor of terrorism, we should make no deal that alleviates the sanctions. can you make an agreement with a regime that you oppose in many other ways? there is precedent certainly in the cold war era for doing exactly that. >> there are real concerns here. and i'm actually kind of glad they're going to hash it out in congress and at least talk about it even in a strident way. thanks so both of ss to both of you. >>> we are expecting benjamin netanyahu to talk at any moment now. >>> we are still awaiting the israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu. but already he's come out this morning and called this deal with iran an historic mistake. he said it's an historic mistake for the world that will allow iran to ignite its terror machine. when mr. netanyahu gets behind that podium of course we'll take h

of nazi germany on the soviet union.hurchill, that the german attack on the soviet union provides an opportunity for the -- to form big coalition against nazi germany, so in august 1941, let's get the chronology straight here, august 1941 several months before pearl harbor, churchill and roosevelt are meeting off the coast of newfoundland. instead of the big battle of sable island, you have american and british warships getting together, bringing the leaders of these two states together to think about what our aim should be and our strategy for defeating nazi germany. religious ceremony that was held aboard a battleship with the -- prince of wales, with the president and the prime minister there, american and british crews together, headlines in “the new york times,” joint steps. they released the atlantic charter, which has eight elements to it. number six is the most important. again, this was before pearl harbor, august 1941. this is a public document, after the final destruction of nazi tyranny. the united states is

we, the soviet union, do nothing like that. in other words, america is losing the propaganda war of the cold war, as lodge as it permits things like this to go on. and this is also the period of the decolonization of africa. when they're giving independence to their former african policies. and in a sharply polarizing world between the west and the east each of these african nations has the riblgt to make choices about where it's going to align itself. the united states wanted as many as possible to join up with the united states. are they likely to do so when they witness scenes like this? no. so this is another of the sorlt of cold war reason why buckley wants the violence of the segregationists to come to an end. so when we see him in the debates, and when we see him in '65, he's right in midstream. he's going through a great transition. you can see, although he disagrees with baldwin's assessment of what happens he agrees it's degrading and humiliating, and he's willing to grant the psychological case that baldwin is making

up our support for the democratic elements in various parts of the world whether it was in the soviet union or nicaragua or afghanistan we were increasing our efforts to support those people. we also denied them hard currency, much less had any agreement that would have bolstered the soviet economy. because we had that approach the soviet union fell apart and in the long run that's what made them a peaceful world, the elimination of that regime, and i am afraid this treaty you are talking about today and you are promoting will do the opposite of what we saw that succeeded and that is that it will empower them instead of making them more a peace regime. empowering them will create more chaos and the likelihood of war because they are the main proponents of terrorism and they have hate -- hatred for the west. we have been aware of the refreshen and the brutal retreatment of people with iran and like the mek who are suffering and you noted this in the past yourself, the brutality that these people that oppose the regime have had to face. did you confer in any way with the democratic elements i

tallinn has modernized at an astounding rate since the fall of the soviet union.its business district shines with the same glass and steel gleam you'll find in any modern city. yet nearby are the rugged and fully intact medieval walls, and the town within these ramparts has a beautifully preserved old-world ambiance. among medieval cities in the north of europe, none are as well preserved as tallinn. the town hall square was a marketplace through the centuries. its fine old buildings are a reminder that tallinn was once an important medieval trading center. today it's a touristy scene, full of people just having fun. through the season, each midday, cruise-ship groups congest the center as they blitz the town in the care of local guides. like many tourist zones, tallinn's is a commercial gauntlet. here there's a hokey torture museum, strolling russian dolls, medieval theme restaurants complete with touts, and enthusiastic hawkers of ye olde taste treats. woman: [ laughs ] steves: but just a couple blocks away is, for me, the real attraction of tallinn -- workaday