, and the perception was that by using the term "evil," we would be provoking the soviet union. of you may see in the clip i showed from the tv series the americans where with the two characters are shocked to see reagan talking this way. and, yes, within the soviet ranks there was a great deal of shock about reagan. now, how much did reagan's policies have to do with the fall of the soviet union? well, that's quite a debate. some would argue that at most reagan's policies were peripheral. the soviet union collapsed because of internal reasons. others would say that the soviet union fell because reagan gave them a push. you decide. you read the evidence. i'm sure this will come up in a lot of your courses in international relations. important thing, again, is what he was using the speech for. this is a case of a presidential speech having multiple audiences. obviously, his meet obvious was the national association of evangelicals. more broadly it was religious people in the united states, evangelicals in general who he wanted to mobilize. but while the president speaks, the worl

soviet union will dissolve.ponent parts of the soviet union will split off into independent countries and at least for a while there will be free elections in russia. of course, things kind of change with vladimir putin a little later, but the old soviet union collapses. i mean, people would have thought you were crazy if you would have said such a thing. 1983, it was still a going concern. people were very fearful of the soviet union and the soviet union was very fearful of the united states. there were times in the 1980s when the cold war might have gotten hot and we avoided that. if we hadn't avoided that we wouldn't be here today. so reagan wanted to send a very clear message. now, again, he thought he could mobilize the evangelicals because the soviet union is officially -- was officially atheistic and wanted to drive that point home to them. and engage them against the idea of moral equivalence. we're going to see that in the clip that we're going to show right now. this is paul kanger giving a talk about

in this vein the party utilizes propaganda to exaggerate the achievements of the soviet union while portraying soviet involvement in the third world as benevolent aid to developing countries who are trying to escape from so-called western imperialism. the most powerful expression of soviet patriotism derives from the defeat of nazi germany in world war two. that victory provides a seemingly inexhaustible source of pride in the average citizen. the party of course identifies itself with that great achievement by portraying the war as a struggle on behalf of the sacred motherland by the heroic soviet people under the guidance of the communist party. this theme will receive even greater emphasis during the 40th anniversary celebration of germany's defeat in may 1985. i said the regime also has received considerable propaganda benefit from the soviet union's exploits in space and in international sports competition and often attributes these achievements to the superiority of socialism. sports moreover is seen as an outlet for popular energies and a distraction from the hardships of daily life. so

people were very fearful of the soviet union and the soviet union was fearful of the united states.re were times in the 1980s when the cold war might have gotten hot and we avoided that. if we hadn't avoided that, we wouldn't be here today. and so reagan wanted to send a very clear message. now, again, he thought he could mobilize the evangelicals because the soviet union was officially atheistic, and wanted to drive that point home to them, and engage them against the idea of moral equivalence. and we're going to see that in the clip we're going to show right now. >> -- and watching sam donaldson and -- >> this is paul kengor giving a talk about the speech. >> so, here's the third and final clip. >> yes, let us pray, for the salvation for the salvation of all of those who live in that totalitarian darkness. pray they will discover the joy of knowing god. but until they do, let us be aware that while they preach the supremacy of the state, declare its omnipotence over individual man and predict its eventual domination of all peoples of the earth, they are the focus of evil in the mo

and going way back even before the soviet union and accusing soviet leaders such as lenin and stalin even of making mistakes with regard to ukraine. so taking an even kind of grand along sweep view of russian history and giving the strong impression that he feels after 20 plus years in power. and perhaps with another decade and a half in power. but certainly beginning to think about his legacy is a russian leader that he wants to undo some of what he sees as the mistakes of the past. and essentially re unite. what he sees essentially is a part of the russian empire notices over an independent state. let's just take this to a constant and constantly recruiting richard. talk that he talked about this historical trip that present potent factor in his televised address. can you give us some context on based what prompt a russian need to think that ukraine, which is recognized as a sovereign nation, does not essentially all sovereignty and needs to bend to russian will. well, for that, you need from the to live side by side. the fruits and understand what prompted this amazing turn in whi

they can come from russia and the former soviet union when it was the soviet union. but nowadays read and talking about cyber attacks that come from anywhere or even possible threats from china. so there's, now the very concept is less poignant right now. but what we do face is natal members saying that, well, we're not obliged to defend ukraine. and if we try to do so, we will be in a direct conflict with russia. and that can escalate into a wider war, not only over ukraine, but over europe. generally. we don't want to be in a war with russia much find ways to try to manage this without directly defending ukraine. so that's the way that as more over time here to your question about the appeasement and it is this modern day version of appealing. and let's start with what hitler was doing. woodstock was doing and then think about what it means today. you had hitler claiming that there were germans living in other countries and those germans should have be in germany. they should be car german, germany late in the place where all germans could live in adequate space fo

and by the leaders of the soviet union, when the soviet union collapsed. and that the soviet union may be gone, but he, as russia leader is going to rebuild. the russian rating is and to restore a greater russia on the territory of the former soviet union. so he has to december 30 to this year to mark that 100 anniversary. and if you look at what he's been doing over the last, i'd say 15 years or so, he has rebuild the russian military. he's. he's upgraded, renovated, the nuclear forces, taking over parts of georgia. you've taken over crimea, and parts of the grain. he has never gotten the scores in the house. you know, it's actively controlled the security forces in bell rings and recently was able to take control and security forces in cause expand as well. this is quite a set of undertakings and i think didn't seize himself in the tradition of peter the great or catherine the great as people who built rush built a greater russia where was a powerful country respected in the world. and i think he sees himself as in that mode and, and this is the year for

he has said that the collapse of the soviet union was a tragedy for all russians. so what you're saying is that this is not so much about russian pride, but bus no power for president fulton. well definitely, and actually he used an even stronger term. he called the collapse of the soviet union, the biggest geopolitical capacity of the 20th century. and i think that it's true that he is. and how to look thing is that occasion the office. so i was always brought up on this saying, i think there's risky, the founder of the check and see or to get from the way that the the to be office is the security concerns of all the knights in shining of the revolution. and that breeds this understanding all on the one hand you belong to the relief organization or the other hand you fulfilling the national destiny. putting that light into one thing. it is essentially yes, him because he is defending a noble cause. and it is pretty much indistinguishable personal power and conviction, but also to stay on the line like to talk to you, richard, just based on what konstantin was sayi

because the nato was designed to protect europe from soviet russia. soviet union, the soviet union has long finished. it's no longer in existence. so nato should have been. the architecture should have been changed already in 1992. this is already, we are 30 years too late. don, you know, the, you know, when i was this morning when i was watching events on hold and checking around, various news outlets trying to get my head around what was going on. the thought entered my head that the post cold war era is finally over. we're in the new epa right now. i don't know what to call it, but the, the, the europe, the pannier a p in security architecture came into existence. after the end of the soviet union, after the cold war, now it is completely collapsed because it is security is indivisible. if one country is threatened all are, and this is the situation that we have come to know. and ukraine is paying a very heavy price for not making a choice. we had the men's got accords wanting to, it was a way out. there was a guarantor, russia, france, germany, france, and germany did nothing. they

he called the collapse of the soviet union. the biggest joke political catastrophe of the 20th century. and i think that it's true that he is on how to look thing is that occasion the office. so i was always brought up on this saying, i think there's risky, the founder of the check and see or to get from the way that the page of the office is the security concerns of all the nights showing on the revolution. and that breeds this understanding all on the one hand you belong to the elite organization, or the other hand you fulfilling the national destiny. put in that translates into one thing, but it is essentially yes him because he is defending a normal course. and it is pretty much indistinguishable personal power and conviction, but also to stay on the line like to talk to you, richard, just based on what constantly was saying and went back to the point that you were making about. he wants ukraine to be in a sense, observant term and to go back to the time before 2014. when i was, let's just say within the russian folder was

he was a member of the central committee of the communist party of the soviet union, eventually achieved the position of chairman of the supreme soviet of ukrainian s. s. r. in 1990 activists from the people's movement visited the usa and met with representatives of the u. s ministration, including pentagon cheese dick cheney people's movement leaflets began appearing in ukraine, stating that the republic was providing food for all of russia. and that secession from the u. s. s. r. would transform ukraine into a country as prosperous as france ah, in the context of the u. s. s. r's, longstanding economic crisis. such claims had a significant effect on society. the peoples movement of ukraine was rapidly moving in a more nationalistic direction. it entered parliament as a force in opposition to the communist party. in his charter, one of the goals was the withdrawal of ukraine from the u. s. s. r. they were spreading leaflets. the saying that the queen was going to become a 2nd france mother, new york, and i said, i knew what the telescope give it on her. they said she knew it's a given l

joe biden believes he wants to re establish the former soviet union. does the u. s . president have appoint who shouldn't say? because they use the collapse of the soviet union was the greatest geopolitical disaster of the century. a tragedy for all russian metal stolen, that's the issue. ah, i'm british manager, welcome to this special program on russia invasion of ukraine. in the next half hour, we look at the real motivations behind vladimir fulton's attack on a sovereign nation, and how the events of the cold war informed the russian presidents world view. but 1st, i look at ukraine and its citizens and independent people facing a war, forced on to them. disbelief echoes will ukraine cities, an ugly wall that is destroying homes and hopes you could van you tomorrow. i never thought that this could happen when i never thought this would truly happen in my life time. and you got daniel tomorrow. we wrote poems about the 2nd world war. switch it to her theories name with the service to he. i myself, am a teacher your credit. we studied the history serving but we

joe biden believes he wants to re establish the former soviet union. does the u. s . president have appoint oceania, say because they use the collapse of the soviet union was the greatest geopolitical disaster of the century. a tragedy for all russian that'll stella missed the issue . ah, i'm british manager, welcome to this special program on russia invasion of ukraine. in the next half hour. we look at the real motivations behind vladimir proteins attack on a sovereign nation and how the events of the cold war informed the russian presidents world view. but 1st, a look at ukraine and its citizens and independent people facing a war, forced onto them, disbelief, eco. so ukraine cities, an ugly wall that is destroying homes and hopes you clicked on your door. i never thought that this could happen when i never thought this would truly happen in my life time when you cook than you blash, we wrote poems about the 2nd world war switch you to verify everything with your service to he. i myself, am a teacher here is your credit. we studied the history survey, but we ne

invading german forces marched on boots made with rubber imported from the soviet union. they ate rations including soviet grain, which had continued to arrive up until the day of the invasion their ammunition contained chrome nickel steel and manganese all mined in the ussr their vehicles and aircraft through heavily from the legacy of engineering work conducted in russia and were fueled in many instances by soviet oil. and some of the german field manuals in fact had been written in the ussr. many german officers too had learned their trade in soviet russia. across the lines the story was much the same although few senior living soviet officers had trained alongside the germans because of the purges. most had been trained in facilities organized along german lines and in many instances staffed by german officers among german lectures who taught for extended periods in soviet military academies in the early period of cooperation where eric von monstein volta modal frederick from paulus and field marshal film title. soviet operations would be managed by a german soviet gen

that has nothing like the strength of the former soviet union. we are talking about the risk for russia of escalation into a major missile conflict, air conflict and potentially escalation even to a nuclear conflict. putin has to be a very careful player in pushing nato too far. he is exploiting one of the key weaknesses in the structure of european security, and at has to be stressed the ukraine is not a member of nato. but even this invasion itself may revitalize many aspects of the nato alliance. and if that happens, nato will facing much stronger deterrent -- face a much stronger deterrent. this is a key issue, not everything leads to war. a strong defense posture, a posture that makes risks too high for russia to bear, a stro ng nato is the best way of avoiding a war when you face a leader like putin. host: out of ohio, joe on the line for independents. caller: a couple questions. i was wondering if anybody found out what the discussion between trump and putin had a win they had their private meeting. or why the other countries around ukrain

they have rocket launchers designed in the soviet union with a range of more than 100 kilometers, and it's a matter of time. they still have this technology from the soviet times. getting technical, nuclear weapons will be much easier for ukraine than for certain other states. i'm not going to list them. especially, if they have technological support from abroad. if ukraine has a weapon of mass instruction, the situation in the world will change drastically. we cannot help but react to these real threats. i would like to reiterate that western backers can help ukraine with getting this weapon to create yet another threat for our country, because we can see how consistently they are pumping ukraine with weapons. the united states alone from 2014 transferred billions of dollars, including the arms supply training personnel. in recent months, western weapons are sense to ukraine ceaselessly. even in front of the eyes from the entire world. the activities of the ukrainian army is governed by foreign consultants, and we are well aware of that. last year, under the pretext of wargames, the

he called the collapse of the soviet union. the biggest joke political catastrophe of the 20th century. and i think that it's true that he is on how to look thing is that occasion the office. so i was always brought up on this saying, i think there's risky, the founder of the check and see or to get from the way that the page of the office is the security concerns of all the nights showing on the revolution. and that breeds this understanding all on the one hand you belong to the elite organization, or the other hand you fulfilling the national destiny. put in that translates into one thing, but it is essentially yes him because he is defending a normal course. and it is pretty much indistinguishable personal power and conviction, but also to stay on the line to like to talk to you richard, just based on what constantly was saying and went back to the point that you were making about. he wants ukraine to be, in a sense, observant to him, and to go back to the time before 2014. when i was, let's just say within the russian folde

he called the collapse of the soviet union. the biggest joke political catastrophe of the 20th century. and i think that it's true that he is on how to look thing is that occasionally office. so i was always brought up on this saying, i think there's risky, the founder of the check and see or to get from the way that the page of the office is the security concerns of all the nights and sharing of the revolution. and that breeds this understanding all on the one hand you belong to a very lead organization or the other hand you fulfilling the national destiny. putting that light into one thing. it is essentially yes, him because he is defending a normal course. and it is pretty much indistinguishable personal power and conviction, but also to stay on the line to like to talk to you richard, just based on what constantly was saying and went back to the point that you were making about. he wants ukraine to be in a sense, observant term and to go back to the time before 2014. when it was, let's just say within the russian fold, it w

because the nato was designed to protect europe from soviet russia. soviet union, the soviet union has long finished. it's no longer in existence. so nato should have been. the architecture should have been changed already in 1992. this is already, we are 30 years too late. don, you know, the, you know, when i was this morning when i was watching events on hold and checking around, various news outlets trying to get my head around what was going on. the thought entered my head that the post cold war era is finally over. we're in the new epa right now. i don't know what to call it, but the, the, the europe, the pannier a p in security architecture came into existence. after the end of the soviet union, at the end of the cold war, now it is completely collapsed because it is security is indivisible. if one country is threatened all are, and this is the situation that we've come to know. and ukraine is paying a very heavy price for not making a choice. we had the men's got accords wanting to, it was a way out. there was a guarantor, russia, france, germany, france, and germany did nothing

a former strong man who led the soviet union. she believes putin is playing the long game. >> russia suffers from a tremendous superiority complex because of its size and potential and precisely because it's never been accepted as being a european country. >> reporter: in the 1970s, putin joined the kgb, becoming a mid-level spy, eventually the chief of the counterintelligence agency. and although it was technically disbanded when the soviet union fell, putin's experience as an intelligence officer, watching the soviet union dissolve, made its mark. earlier this week, he claimed the soviet union was robbed of land. >> we talk about the way that the collapse of the soviet union is within living memory. it's important to remember that with putin, that is lived memory. not living memory, lived memory. so these are events that he remembers personally and is angry about. he remembers the soviet period when russia and ukraine were one. and he feels that was right and should be restored. > well, you know, we have a lot to cover here, wh

the soviet union ceased to exist. ah, upon gaining its independence, ukraine was potentially in a better position than all the other republics of the soviet union. it was the largest country in europe with an industrial potential 2nd only to france and germany. osha's corsica were we'll now the economist, i'm with superior tumble. i'm not, it was more than my sister. i'm assuming there are community. nice was it was, it was flow. if you're going to me, she can use it from grandma stillness. talk to mr. rashid lucy, cuz if you're looking at you bring them out extra that they think the moment you will you almost appeal. we've got that taken care of for a sam comes up on an excuse of language, which was enough to put in the duplicated says, come see you is that the bella photo put them, saw lucas public up us. let us, you know, you will create a new appraisal, ideally, and malloy did. there was a different language and i could say no, but i made a suddenly copeland etiquette stating these are what we mean user mash varie

because the nato was designed to protect europe from soviet russia. soviet union, the soviet union has long finished. it's no longer in existence. so it's nato should have been. the architecture should have been changed already in 1992. this is already, we are 30 years to late don, you know, the, you know, and i was this morning when i was watching events on hold and checking around various news outlets trying to get my head around what was going on. the thought entered my head, the me post, cold war era is finally over. we're in the new epoch right now. i don't know what to call it, but the, the, the europe, the pannier a p in security architecture came into existence. after the end of the soviet union, at the end of the cold war, now it's, it's completely collapsed because it is security is indivisible. if one country is threatened all are, and this is the situation that we've come to know. and ukraine is paying a very heavy price for not making a choice. we had the men's got accords wanting to, it was a way out. there was a guarantor, russia, france, germany, france, and germany did

so that they could create a vietnam for the soviet union. they sacrifice afghanistan, helped create extremism to gain advantage over the soviet union. and then they used to have found the sun and 9 in the 1900 again, and those extremists to put pressure on iran. so this is normal in western countries. instead of allowing the, our west asia to flourish or east europe to flourish, they want absolute control. so where does all they sleep in minsk agreements? they're not as good as dead while when americans and the europeans create this horrific situation where they don't allow solutions to be used, then the whole equation changes. so it's unclear what will happen from here on, i don't think the united states is going to search for a solution even now. when you, again, when you look at our own region, the united states help create saddam hussein. the monster that destroyed so much of iran and iraq and kuwait to help create him. they gave him the european americans, chemical weapons to use extensively against his own people. thousands of people w

why did we almost come to the brink of nuclear war with the soviet union? well, we did that in response to the placement of soviet missiles in cuba 90 miles from our shore. and the kennedy administration saw that as an unacceptable threat to national security. we said it is unacceptable for a hostile country to have a significant military presence 9. and let us be clear. the monroe doctrine is not ancient history. as recently as 2018, donald trump's secretary of state, rex tillerson, called the monroe doctrine, quote, as relevant today as it was the day it was written, end quote. in 2019, former trump national security advisor, john bolton, declared, quote, the monroe doctrine is alive and well, end quote. to put it simply, even if russia was not ruled by a corrupt oligarchic, authoritarian leader like vladimir putin, russia, like the united states, would still vr an interest in the security policies of its neighbors. and i want people to think about this -- does anyone really believe that the united states would not have something to say if, for example, m

a nation of 3 million people broke away from the soviet union and scheduled an. free election. i was there at the time the election to place and they knew it was an invitation for mikhail gorbachev to retaliate and he did. he moved into soviet tanks and started killing innocent people and killed an dozen innocent lithuanians who gave their lives because they wanted to be free again and who would question why they would want that? i visited that area. was born in lithuania and had to put that in the record. i was in the area in was in the area in 1978 in my cell at live was like in the baltic states under soviet rule. it was sad. it was enraging and it was. they had done to the soviet union to forcibly take those countries and others some through the warsaw pact and some through concession the soviet union controlled every aspect of their lives with communism. i went to the university which i believe dates back to the 16th century. they took me to the catholic chapel which in soviet times had been converted into what theym called a museum and attributed atheism on display in the

it was dropped on the soviet union as a warning of what it's going to have to soviets. if they interfered with americans post war plant, ah, oh, well, it's showing wrong. i'm just a new world. yes. to see how the same becomes the african engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves world support, we choose to look for common ground. oh is your media a reflection of reality? in a world transformed what will make you feel safe? isolation for community? are you going the right way or are you being led to direct? what is true? what is great? in the world corrupted, you need to descend her join us in the depths or remain in the shallows. we're told russia special military operation in ukraine is to demilitarize and be not so by the country. negotiations are likely to start, so what kind of ukraine can we expect after the special military operation is come to an end with with the grain 2nd largest city health cove. it's now at the center of fighting with a huge explosion reported a numerous claims of st. battles with russian troops. meanwhile, hope for a diplomat

it was dropped on the soviet union as a warning of what it's going to have to soviets. if they interfered with americans post war plant. ah. oh, driven by dreamer shapes bankers, those with dares sinks. we dare to ask ah, with oh, is your media a reflection of reality ah, in the world transformed what will make you feel safer? tice elation whole community. are you going the right way? or are you being led to some with what is true? what is great in the world corrupted. you need to descend. ah, so join us in the depths will remain in the shallows. ah ah. hello, good evening. you're watching a r c international. the un general assembly is underway in new york, and the russian ambassador is talking right now lies at the feet of the current ukrainian leadership as well as our western colleagues. to day it takes to today. we wish to emphasize that this is been inflated by the lie, the seat miss information from the ukranian armed forces and the nationalists, western media outlets increasingly shamelessly are portrayed in our military operation as a result, as a negative cons