revolution or to the declaration of american independence. the wheatleys actually believed that phyllis's work should be published as a book. and they tried to find an american publisher for her work without success. so in may of 1773, they sent phyllis, along with their son, to england. there phyllis wheatley made contacts with many notable people who were supportive of her talents and impressed by her abilities. she gained a patroness, the countess of huntington who sponsored the publication of her book. and in late 1773, wheatley's book, "poems on various subjects, religious and moral," was issue first in england and later in america. phyllis's mistress, susanna wheatley, died in may of 1774 and at some point thereafter phyllis was freed. she left the bonds of slavery. she was given her freedom. after her mistress's death, phyllis married a free black man, john peters. they had three children. in freedom, however, wheatley found unexpected challenges. she continued to write poetry, but she had a very difficult time supporting her family. sh

deal with the americans. one of the problems they have is u.s. air power. how do you deal with air defense? have everybody shoot at the planes as much as they possibly can. you start with that. they move very quickly to get help from the chinese and soviets. they get soviet migs soviet ground offensive and have a dangerous air defense network against the united states. the ground war though dealing with this is the most -- arguably the most important purposes here. they have to figure out how to fight this ground war against the united states. again, the north, the generals and the political leaders in north vietnam, they don't agree about how to do this. they follow the two camps here. you have the duan ton block. they argue you have to match american escalation and fight hard the whole time. you have to do this hoping you can push the south vietnamese regime over the edge. they also wanted to increasingly commit them to the south. they wanted to go to phase 3 very, very quickly here. general jopp, he has a d

go behind the scenes at museums and historic sites on american artifacts. and the presidency looks at the policies and legacies of past american presidents. view our complete schedule at c-span.org/history and sign up to have it e-mailed to you by pressing the c-span alert button. >>> while the founding fathers often get all of the credit for the creation of america, without the encouragement and work of many women, things may have ended up differently. up next, george mason university history professor rosemarie zagarri examines the important role that women played in generating support for the revolutionary war and how their involvement helped pave the way for a greater political identity for women within the new nation. this is an hour. >> good afternoon. i am indeed robert griswold, hudson family chair of history and chair of the history department here at the university of oklahoma. before i introduce this afternoon's speaker and on behalf of the entire history department, i want to thank president born for making this event possible. he has a deep love

why else would she respond to the americans? nd so he said an aggrieved feared attempted january 26th 1920 he could barely explain his inspiration and reads dear gentleman on the underside big tumble to inquire does elizabeth neitzsche the system of the late frederick w. neitzsche live? i would greatly appreciate if someone connected with the archives archival the answer the above inquiry. just one word will suffice. please, comply with the small request and oblige. please find self-addressed envelopes for the reply as it is inconvenient to remit postage on neglected that part of my obligation but hope that you will incur in that expense and he signs again thinking you in advance i remain very respectfully john bush. calvo the connection to neitzsche's was less abashed than most others the ways in which he put the philosophy to work for self functioning was a common strategy that we see in all of these writers. they use the terms and aspects of his own life to describe themselves to themselves. one of the reasons why so many soug

the banquet from beijing was shown live on american television, it was the most watched and recognized in american history up to that point and nixon got the press reports every day while he was in china and i think was pretty pleased with them. >> what role did bob haldeman play? >> i think it was frankel from "the new york times" or it was john chancellor from cbs? >> nbc. >> he said the trip was haldeman's masterpiece. and i think he is right. haldeman had been in pr before he came to work for the white house and he put advanced parties out and there had been technicians in beijing a month before nixon arrived and the reporters went on ahead the day before so they'd be there. they planned the camera angles. they started where the plane would start in the beijing airport. they planned as much as they could. they even had to install a satellite feed because the chinese didn't have the facilities to feed up to a satellite. and so the americans and haldeman had made meticulous preparations. >> did anything go wrong? >> with the -- >> with the whole trip. >> with the whole trip? a few de

to see the chinese and by extension the chinese-americans, as the good guys during this signo american wartime reliance. also, new legislation during the 1960s swept away the racist immigration quotas against asian countries. now, this second wave consisted largely of students and highly educated professionals, representing one of the greatest brain drain waves of chinese immigrant talent to the united states. many were intellectuals, capitalists or bureaucrat whose held prominent positions in the nagsist regime and asked to leave shortly before the take joevg in 1949. a few people went directly to the united states immediately during the communist revolution, but many more fled to hong kong or taiwan before later migrating to america to study or to start new careers there. some were college students or graduate students who during the chinese civil war were stranded in the u.s. without a country to return to, and they decided to stay. but largescale immigration from mainland china itself seized when the prc isolated itself from the world community during the mass doan years, and just

thinking might be the key for a lot of americanradicals like woody guthrie for a sample, who would think about as being a leftist but in fact i think he was clearly a very important part of the left in his time in the 40's and 40's and had an important impact sometimes indirectly on american thinking. so that is the theme of the book they change as the subtitle has not by instituting the nationalization of the industry, not by having workers in control of the factories, not by having a radical third-party chezem strengthening and lasting power, but how to change the attitudes of americans and think about rights, how to think about social tolerance, how we think about what is just in american life so that is the argument of the book. >> when you think about the american left today when it did emerge and what kind of power does it have today? a thing that emerged about 200 years ago back to the in fact i spoke with three documents written in 1829. i won't go into details about them but one was argued by a feminist the time and anothe

phrase, the american century. in 1940, to highlight this nations emerging global responsibilities and his own task, nation building. as he told his editors a few years later, i have the faithful belief that the america that we work for will win in this time and age if we do our part. in a sense, everything does depend on you. if we persevere our life timeless see not the peace, but certainly the truce of god. one by american fortitude, energy, generosity and ideals. as loos surveyed the world of postworld war ii america, he placed his greatest hope on the evidentiary renewal of american family life. his vision of a family centered in faith-centered nation received dramatic visual confirmation and in 1947 a promotional campaign for "life" called "the new america." "life" photographers using special pan graphic cameras welded 14,000 new photos into 27 sequences using five synchronized projectors, a new fade in and fade out technique and a 40-foot high screen and featuring a fresh, stirring musical score, "the new ame

in the american culture, menino of the historical accomplishments of the african- american women, phyllisatley, harriet tubman, leader of underground railroad. ida wells, the unyielding upon it to a lynching. rosa parks, of course, the mother of the modern civil rights movement and on and on. gwendolyn brooks, tommy morrison -- toni morrison. wonderful writers. awe still have a ways to go, we hav a long ways to go. as an author to have helped our human rights commission read the agenda we have a ways to go. [applause] that is why i look at the audience, i see a lot of people that will help us get there. our board of supervisors are here, our other elected officials, the treasure is here. members from all the other communities are here. because it is not just something the african-american community can do. the chinese -- a chinese person can help with the advantage to agenda. a latino person can help. a korean person can help. a gay person can help. everyone can help accomplish the unfinished agenda for everyone. i often talk about partnerships. we have to partner with our african-america

if the americans come north, there will be a war with the chinese. and this is helpful to the north vietnamese. plus, if there are chinese troops in north vietnam, the north vietnamese can infiltrate more of their regular units into the south or cambodia or laos. when you think about american options next week, think about american options for dealing with this war, keep in mind the chinese presence here and the factor that that brings to the table. now, in 1964, the north decided that they would consolidate their control over the central highlands and they would extend into other parts of lowland areas of vietnam. and they're thinking that now they're getting prepared for what they think is going to be a final offensive against the south. and after the gulf of tonkin incident and the fact that they couldn't negotiated a settlement, the north decided at this point they really had to start committing regular north vietnamese army units to the south because they're fearful the americans are going to come in. they fear they have to match any escalation

the american indian was the biggest loser in short i a country mile. ative american setbacks during the war proved to be for many others in the decades to come. another loser was the federalist party. to president madison, the federalist party, the late alexander hamilton, george washington with the disloyal opposition to first, it lost 39 to nothing in june 1812. does that sound familiar by the way? i thin think the republicans inr own congress employ strategy of unanimous opposition rather often get into the mitch mcconnell had nothing on quincy however in 1812. anyway, the federalist later of postwar funding in congress in their own region, the opposition to war extend to such gestures ask continued to trade with the enemy. and the refusal by the governor of massachusetts to commit his militiamen to the work outside the boundaries of massachusetts. as madison's confidant, treasure, told richard russia observed, massachusetts i fear is rotted. and any file and ultimately suicidal act, the new england federalists assembled behind closed doors in what c

not that the americans brought the sadness at first i thought it was humanitarian aid. but when i opened them just like i found. again it could have but suppose they close intact their translator told me these corpses were americans. well that's why they've given them back when we come after. the caretaker recovered close to five hundred unidentified bodies he photographed each one before burying them in the cemetery. and then said and so we asked the doctors and they told us that if there were only bones in the clothing is intact then it's because of white phosphorus and what happened to this man. looks like it's due to a chemical weapon and god knows what it is but that's phosphorous to. their blood then the caretaker is in no doubt these men were killed by white phosphorus in the u.s. army use these weapons against the population what are these photos really hard to find an answer i must go to the united states. for from iraq and it's ruined buildings lost and. i made contact with ross computing a twenty seven year old former marine who fought it flew you know he look

it's the have-it-alls versus the rest of americans. >>> and -- >> this is supposed to be a government run by the people, and if our voices don't matter because we're not wealthy, that's really unacceptable and it's dangerous. >>> funding is provided by carnegie corporation of new york, celebrating 100 years of philanthropy, independent production fund with support from the partridge foundation. the clemens foundation. park foundation, dedicated to heightening public awareness of critical issues. the herb albert foundation, supporting organizations whose missions is to promote passion and creativity in our society. the bernard and audrey rapport foundation. john d. and katherine t. mcarthur foundation, committed to building a more peaceful world. the betsy and jesse fink foundation. hkh foundation. margaret g. fleischman and our sole corporate sponsor, mutual of america, designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. >>> welcome. this is pledge time for public television -- the ti

shaping of the american identity. published by isi books. copies of the book will be available after the lecture for you to purchase and have dr. carlson sign, if you're interested in doing that. his lecture today is say dapt dapted -- is adapted from this book and without further ado, we welcome dr. allan carlson. >> thank you very much, peter. thank you all for coming today. america is a nation of individuals and individualism. states and articles posted by the objectivist center shortly after 9/11. it approvingly call american individualism an infuriating obstacle to religious traditionalists like pat robertson and jerry falwell who would like to see the entire nation develop their morality a more major and classic affirmation with the same 1922 book aptlybe found in titled "american individualism" where he labels himself and unashamed individualist holding to the ideals that constitute progressive individualism. in respect to the dignity and worth of each human life, and to the ideal of equal opportunity, this affi

i think the american people would like to have the information. because tl a category of people in this country who believe they're beyond paying taxes, just like in greece. i noticed in your testimony you talked about saudi arabia increasing the output. why is the u.s. not increasing its output? in other words the president's going to my district tomorrow to talk about oil and gas production in the very three county area of where the fish and wildlife service overturned a collaborative effort to protect the lizard as an endangered species, that has the potential of killing all the oil and gas production in that area which drove the surplus. we were at a deficit last year in that three-county area drove the surplus, why would the president be shutting down production in this country when he's asking saudi arabia to increase production? >> u.s. production across the country of oil and gas is expanding dramatically, and will continue to do so, and that is a good thing for the country. but, of course, we have to follow the laws of the land in what co

and also help the afghan brothers fight the americans. fighting on two fronts, as it were. >> jon: so pakistan is fighting the taliban, and supporting and replenishing the taliban. >> this is the very complicated situation. >> jon: it sounds very complicated. >> pakistan is essentially fighting its pakistani taliban, its own taliban, because these taliban want to overthrow the whole system. but they're giving a sense to the afghan taliban, allowing them to cross the border, going to afghanistan, and attack afghanistan. >> jon: don't they think at some point the afghan taliban, once they get stronger, will turn to the pakistani taliban and go, "did you know we both have the same last name?" ( laughter ) "perhaps we should get together and create talibansylvainia." do they believe-- is there fear of india-- which is i assume the reason why they're trying to quietly support afghan taliban. >> yeah. >> jon: overwhelming or blinding them to some extent to the danger that strengthening this new taliban regime has created? >> partly it is. you kn

about how to deal with the americans. one of the problems they have is usair power. how do you deal with air defense? they had the brilliant idea, in some ways effective, just have everybody shoot at the planes as much as they can. start with that. but they moved quickly to get help from the chinese and the sovie soviets. they get soviet migs, ground defense stuff and build a defensive and very dangerous air defense network against the united states. now, the ground war, though, dealing with this is the most -- arguably the most important for our purposes here. and they have to figure out how to fit this ground war against the united states. again, the north -- the generals and the political leaders in north vietnam, they don't agree about how to do this. they fall into two camps here. again, you have the tan bloc that i mentioned in the beginning. they argued that you have to match american escalation and you've got to fight hard the whole time. you've got to do this hoping you can push the south vietnamese regime over th

the decision to invade sicily also was reached. and in july of 1943, americans british jumped off from africa on thliane el mainland. a strong partisan for the women's army corps as important to our mobilization, the chief in washington the day colonel ovita coltnew coand commander. by the time the allied leaders convened at cairo in december 1943, the italian campaign was well under way and the war against the japanese demanded pe the future of the chinburm the problem of harnessing china's manpower had to be resolved. in tehran, marshall took part in planning joint strategy with the russians. soviet demands for an expanded second front were addressed to the united states. answered. when the chief of staff visited gaining speed.eatre on his island by island, we were moving in on japan. at good enough island in 1944 marshall listened to a firsthand report on the successful islands and the planned invasions of the marshalls. marshall conferred with general douglas macarthur, theater commander, as the allies were gearing up for the big pacific push that would carr

the amazons. and she called on american women to do the same for their troops. and she said like men, women were born for liberty and disdained to bear the irons of a tyrannic government. women, she insisted, had as much stake in the outcome of this battle as men. women were as invested in politics as men. and so in 1780, she took her campaign almost literally to the streets. she enlisted a number of her friends, and they actually spearheaded a drive to raise money for the support of the continental army. they called on their neighbors and family members and friends to donate funds for the troops. at a certain point, she and her friends actually went door to door to collect money. and this would be a shocking -- a shocking episode at this time to see women going around respectable middle-class white women asking for money. but such was the intensity of their feelings, such was their fervor for the revolutionary cause that they believed that they should do this. esther debert reed and her supporters collected over $7,000 for the support of the american troops. wh

are we getting to the american people or not? i began to think about what did the left do right or wrong, back then, 40 years ago. and then when i started to go to grad school, it became one of the things i wad studying, and i think it's one of the things i always try to do in my work is to talk about issues that -- historical issues, historical matters in a serious, responsible way, like good historian, but also ones that have some relevance to what people are thinking about now, or even fighting about now. i've always been a journalist as well as an historian. i have an online:almost for the republic, i edited a magazine which is a left wing magazine, and so to me this book is about the present as we were just discussing, but of course it's how the past can inform the present, which i think is what history should always do. >> host: that do you teach here at georgetown? >> guest: lots of different things. a cores course on then 1960s. students still like the '60s, even though by now it's the grandparents' generation somewhat. i

history where you see this, the early 1930s. >>> all weekend long, american history tv is in shreveport, louisiana. next, we visit the louisiana state exhibit museum that opened in 1939 and was one of the most expensive construction projects managed by the public works administration during the great depression. the museum currently displays collection of original signed documents from some of america's earliest political figures. >> the state my seem has on loan a collection from mrs. gloria meyer. her husband acquired the collection during his lifetime, and when he passed away, she wanted to be able to share this collection with the public. it is 54 autographs that are original autographs that center around the founding fathers of the united states. so they're 18th and 19th century autographs that have accompanying images that go along with them, and there are two of them from the 20th century that are kind of like the beginning and end of it. the very first one that we have was the impetus for the collection, and this is a letter sent to mr. henry rabe and

the decision to invade sicily also was reached. and in july of 1943, americans and british jumped off from africa on the preliminary leg to the first assault on the italian mainland. a strong partisan for the women's army corps as important to our mobilization, the chief of staff made a point to be in washington the day the colonel was sworn in as its new commander. by the time the allied leaders convened at cairo in december 1943, the italian campaign was well under way and the war against the japanese demanded stepped-up operations. the future of the china/burma/india theatre and the problem of harnessing china's manpower had to be resolved. the tehran, marshall took part in planning joint strategy with the russians. soviet demands for an expanded second front were addressed to the united states. it was george marshall who answered. when the chief of staff visited the pacific theatre on his return from tehran, the offensive was gaining speed. island by island, we were moving in on japan. and in 1944, marshall listened to a firsthand report on the successful op

thought or the promise of american life. the fact that the american progress and the heritage are both doing a series of papers about the meaning of progress ive in 1912 and it tells you something about why these questions are important. which in the end, american politics is less about the debate and more about america. >> and that's why every watershed, every realignment in american history can always take up to these questions about what we are again, and another president's term is the campaign ahead. so where does he turn? he began by invoking lincoln? more recently he's been campaigning as harry truman running against the do-nothing congress and he might think in hard times someone mentioned he would go as a good democrat and appeal to franklin roosevelt who famously criticized the money change in the temple and yet in the making, the president goes toes on watt omy and believe me nobody goes there for no good reason. >> so there he gives what i think will be a defining speech in the administration or as e.j. says the i

roles and the activities and the involvement of african-americans in the communities where they live. but i'm also excited about this because african-american history is such an important part of our lives and of the history of this nation. i was lucky enough to have been at the recent groundbreaking of the national museum of african-american history and culture. what being around lonnie always reminds me of is that the idea of american history and african-american history are vitally sbined, they're one in the same, that we cannot truly understand our history as a nation without including the diversity of stories and individuals who should be a part of that conversation. african-americans have been involved in nearly everything that's happened in the history of this nation. they are at its founding. they are at its growth. they nurtured it growth. they've been a part of everything this nation has done. and i think our task is to make sure we understand that role but also recognize how it's helped to enrich this nation as it's developed into one of the for

and here's what's coming up tonight on the big picture an american soldier killed sixteen unarmed afghan civilians how will this rampage affect u.s. afghan relations and is it time we withdraw from the country altogether plus a twist of the story that she was all concerned about the mental health of our soldiers also what shadow forces are behind a new bill in wisconsin a remote for profit education and answer coming out and in today it's an ideally take all of the republicans once again blocking eleven million struggling american homeowners from getting crucial assistance to keep their homes. you need to know this when george w. bush committed an international war crime by bombing and then invading afghanistan more than a decade ago he opened the gates a held for the people of that nation and for our soldiers and now the situation there is careening out of control over the weekend a u.s. soldier opened fire in a small village at around two am sunday morning shooting dead sixteen civilians including nine children some odd resident of the district described the scene to reporters saying i

so it's fair for the american people, not the talented economists but the american people to say same size entity, similar debt to ours, not exact but similar. if that's the case, why is it that they're not being treated and this is a question for the american taxpayer, if you will, being treated much more like we treat our states, california doesn't look to greece or germany for a bailout. they look to -- they look to the united states federal government. in other words, we're internal. what is the justification for the american people to understand of a zone similar sized to ours, similar wealth to ours, similar debt to ours looking around at the rest of the world and saying what part will the united states put in to a european union member such as greece's problem? >> well, your question highlights the difference between europe and the united states which is we have a fiscal union as well as a monetary union. as you point out correctly, the reason that we don't see the same kind of stresses at the state level is because implicitly, there's support from the federal government for th

in short, the big oil companies who are gouging americans at the pump and the wealthiest americans win while middle class and working class families get the short end of the stick. last year oil profits, this is an exact number or close to it, last year oil, big oil profits totaled about $137 billion. but you don't need to remember $137 billion. all you need to remember is big oil profits were the biggest ever that the oil industry ever had. and yet we're forking it over to them through our tax money. not through the pump. some people might think, of course we're paying them through the pump, they give us gas, we got to get to work so we need to buy the gas. i'm not talking about that. i'm saying they get -- they can apply for grants and subsidies and it all adds up to about $4 billion a year. with soaring gasoline prices, big oil's 2012 profits will even be bigger. you got republican -- yet republicans want to give big oil more money and our tax dollars and it just doesn't make any sense. now of course you shouldn't expect the big oil companies like exxonmobil to say, we don't want th

budget is said to the american people, you are the driver american economy. your choices will always be better choices than the ones we will make for you. code, or even expand the tax code, to make it more of for manipulation, we've chosen to do away with deductions, ckg of winners and losers that have characterized this town for far too long. what makes this budget so special is this't something that we've sat here in a vacuum and crafted, it's something that the ways and means committee isate're going to be able to move forward, actually bring to the law of the land. i thank the gentleman for yielding. >> thank you very much. i will yield a minute and a half flores. >> thank you. i appreciate you yielding and i thank the chairman and all of the committee members for their hardwer tax rates work. all you have to do is look at history. i like to bring this back to the real world instead of the theoretical world. what did john kennedy w a toug environment when he was sworn in in19? he lowered taxes. he lowered t marginal rate from 93% to 70%. he instituted the

i'm also a member of the house of delegates of the american bar association, where it first met steve. this is a series of programs underwritten by the charles gesky family, which examines the constitution in the 21st century. this examines the balance between safety, security, and public order, and the protection of civil liberties and the integrity of the constitution on the other. tonight program will focus on threats to our american justice system caused by under-funding and indecisiveness. i would like to mention that the question answer portion of the program will be moderated by a professor geoffrey hazard, a distinguished professor of law at uc hastings. the professor is a leading expert in the field of civil procedure of legal ethics and is good at asking questions. it is my pleasure to introduce our very special guest, stephen zack, president of the american bar association. with nearly 400,000 members, it is the largest volunteer professional membership organization in the world. mr. zack is the first hispanic american to serve as the president and the second to be born abr

and what they signify is not that the american century continues or that chance about american exceptionalismconstitute the basis for sound policy. >> let me play for you the press conference that president obama gave in 2009 during which he was asked a question about american exceptionalism. and here was his answer. >> i believe in american exceptionalism, just as i suspect that the brits believe in british exceptionalism and the greeks believe in greek exceptionalism. i'm enormously proud of my country and its role and history in the world. now, the fact that i am very proud of my country and i think that we've got a whole lot to offer the world does not lessen 12k3w4r6r7b8g9sdz zlvrnlthsz my interest in recognizing the value and wonderful qualities of other countries, or recognizing that we're not always going to be right, or that other people may have good ideas, or that in order for us to work collectively, all parties have to compromise and that includes us. >> that qualified response landed him in burning water with the right. it's become a big campaign issue. >> and in many respects,

he raised money for the american cause. and you can see that this is a very fine steel point engraving. he's a very slight man i guess is the best way to describe him. but as the collector would accumulate autographs, he would look for pictures or images of the person whose autograph he was collecting and in some cases he could only find regular print media and not necessarily good portraits. but as he would come across better portraits, then he would replace the ones that he had initially with better portraits. so he was constantly upgrading the collection. this document is a military appointment of samuel a. russell to secretary lieutenant dated august 6th, 1861. and this is signed by the president, abraham lincoln. initially lincoln would sign his documents with his full name, the way this one is, but as his presidency required more and more paperwork, he began to shorten his signature and just signed as a. lincoln. so this is a fairly rare document from his presidency because it does have a full signature. robert e. lee,