prosecutors at nuremberg. the holocaust memorial provided this video. >> 75 years ago this month the allied powers great britain, france, the soviet union and the united states opened a series of trials of post-war trials aimed at achieving a measure of justice for the crimes committed in the course of the second world war, including those of the holocaust. it was the first time in history that an international tribunal would punish the leaders of a regime, its military, and its enablers in civil society and industry. please join me in welcoming today's honor guest, benjamin fer enz who was a prosecutor at these landmark trials held in nuremberg, germany. good morning. >> good morning. >> nice to see you even though we are many states apart today. >> we will try to correct that soon. >> we appreciate you being with us, particularly because you are the last remaining prosecutor from nuremberg who can speak to us about your firsthand accounts. in addition to his time working in the legal field at knew em everyth

the day before, i was sitting in the nuremberg courtroom. the film that you saw did not start rolling until after i said the first sentence. the first sentence was, "it is with sorrow and with hope that we hear this." the sorrow was i'm feeling the victims and the hope was that we would not have to do that again, that we would learn something from this trial which would protect us in the future. that is what i meant by the opening sentence, and that is what motivated me throughout the trial, first in the selection of the defendants. i was an enlisted man. i knew very often they gave them the dirty job and gave them the blame. i did not want any enlisted man. i was limited by the ridiculous reason there were only 22 defendants. i resolved we did not want to have more than that. we had 22 defendants, and 3000 members divided into groups a, b, c, and d, and that was not the same thing. i thought how do i pick 22 defendants out of 3000? every single one of them was beyond any doubt a mass murderer . so i picked them according to their rank and a

today the nuremberg zookeeper is shaving the polar bear it's for will be analyzed to gauge its stress levels all zoos that have what's called protected contact with their animals train the creatures for medical diagnostic purposes here the testing is particularly painstaking. next year. i'm going to keep busy do this job out of love interest and enthusiasm for the animals. we're more than happy to help if scientists are able to prove the animals are healthy and well that this is a system and isn't just based on what we feel. it's hard not to treat you know the most like humans and if i mention it if research is come and say we've developed parameters that can help us to gauge with the animals are stressed or ill and then we're glad to help with the training routine to it's fun. this is the 1st collect animal excrement as well as for laboratory testing it indicates how stressed the polar bear was a day earlier. so all of just on the hind has developed a special procedure to find out how the polar bears in this in our fairing. over a period of 3 years she measured the levels of the stre

nuremberg is working together with 12 other european sooths that are all conducting the same tests. data is being gathered on more than 100 different dolphins. at regular check ups the animals are weighed in and their eyes are examined. by no abnormality detected. the researchers also regularly document any new scratches and compare them with previous check ups. these rake marks as they're called reveal quite a bit about the dolphins well being in your. body isn't right mark you really need to take a close look at these right box quite a lot of them or not at all. can be indicators of social behavior. dolphins are highly sociable animals and interactions are natural whether they're positive or sometimes. it's negative and he has it right mocks a very telling rate if an animal never has new scratches this can show that it's not part of the group it's isolated. from the line a. foreign enemy has lots of new scratches week after week of amongst then that shows that something isn't quite right within the group social structure or that the creature hasn't found its place in the group but

as the chief prosecuting officer for the case in the nuremberg prof.ss the state of the union address, and we are going to do it by using -- to recap a little bit. the state of the union address straddles two constitutional presidencies defined in your reading. the first big c constitutional presidency, these are the formal rules and procedures that define our system, and the formal expectations based on the executive during the founding era. the big c constitutional pr

nuremberg is working together with 12 other european zoos that are all conducting the same tests. data is being gathered on more than 100 different dolphins. at regular check ups the animals are weighed in and their eyes are examined. by no abnormality detected. the researchers also regularly document any new scratches and compare them with previous check ups. these rake marks as they're called reveal quite a bit about a dolphins well being you know if you go. back on specific bodies and right mark you really need to take a close look at these right box quite a lot of them or not at all both can be indicators of social behavior. dolphins are highly sociable animals and interactions are natural whether they are positive or sometimes negative and he is right mocks a very telling rate if an animal never has new scratches this can show that it's not part of the group it's isolated. from your physician or line on going to god and you don't have an animal has lots of new scratches week after week of a months then that shows that something isn't quite right within the group social struct

i think it really is at the zoo in nuremberg sesame seem pretty contained especially since the recent arrival of a new baby. the similarities between apes and humans are pretty striking. a deal in guyana sent in a question about that. how closely related are we humans and chimpanzees. very closely some 98.5 percent of our d.n.a. base pairs are identical based on average findings from a range of analytical methods. and our genetic match with gorillas is just one quarter of a percentage point less than that. orangutan has branched off from our common family tree other 2 earlier but they still share 1007 percent of their d.n.a. with us so how do we explain the huge difference between humans and apes. some primates can scale trees in the rain forest. while another species exploits other planets. the human genome contains some 3000000000 base pairs of which just 40000000 differ from those of chimpanzees but this vital difference means that certain proteins in apes have other structures and possibly other functions in the body. but for all the differences there are also many similarities us

he also describes his work as one of the top prosecutors for nuremberg.ocaust museum provided this video. >> 75 years ago this month

prosecutors at nuremberg.locaust museum provided this video. >> 75 years ago this month the allied

other ukrainians from the soviets the operations involving ukrainians continued for many years the nuremberg trials of 945 in 1946 brought the political economic and military leaders of fascist germany to justice and revealed to the world the monstrous face of naziism and the crimes they committed but the ukrainian nazis were spared the same fate and some were even granted indulgences by the cia by 954 the agency excused the illegal activities of the o. un security branch. in the name of cold war necessity in 1949 nicola levitt the man responsible for the massacres in the lena was moved to the united states where he died in 1909 without ever being investigated or pursued as a war criminal the cia moved to protect ukrainian nationalist leader nicola legged from criminal investigation by the immigration and naturalization service in 1952 perhaps pantera lost his use to the us or maybe k.g.b. agents outsmarted the cia but in 1959 step on bond era the leader of the ukrainian nationalists was killed in munich where he was hiding under the name of stefan pople it would be fair to say that bond bec

prosecutor at the nuremberg trials. >> by and cabinet nominees are on capitol hill this week for theironfirmation hearing. on thursday at 10:00 a.m. eastern on c-span, one hearing for two nominees. ohio congresswoman marcia fudge for secretary of housing and urban development and cecilia rouse nominated for chair economic advisor. watch the confirmation hearings live on c-span, on demand at c-span.org, or listen on the c-span radio app. >> house speaker nancy pelosi holds a press briefing thursday to talk about the legislative agenda. watch live at 10:45 a.m. eastern on c-span3. >> do you solemnly swear that all things pertaining to the trial in the impeachment of donald john trump, former president of the united states, now pending, you do impartial justice according to the constitutional law so help you god. >> with senators sworn in as jurors, arguments of the impeachment trial of former president donald trump are said to begin tuesday, february 9, on whether the former president should be convicted on incitement of insurrection. watch the senate impeachment trial live on tuesday, f

against kovac restrictions that have been put in place they continue to this weekend just gone in nuremberg him bavaria the state of bavaria put in place stricter rules in december last year where they put in place a curfew from 9 pm until 5 am in the morning 'd well over the weekend riot police had to keep a separation between protesters against the covert restrictions and anti far counter-demonstrators suit come out as well these were some pretty ok things at times. well vaccination is the words on a lot of people's lips here in germany at the moment and yet in spawn the health minister was speaking on monday saying that anyone who wants a vaccination in germany should be able to get one by the 2nd quarter of this year now that is an ambitious target germany's vaccination program has been criticized for moving at a late. she'll pace so far will be looking to see if there's anything more from you and spawn all the health ministry all angle of medical herself following these meetings that are taking place on tuesday as we expect to hear that germany will be extending its lockdown. ok let's

until protesters have been back out in force in nuremberg the city and state of bavaria currently have tough restrictions in place including a 9 pm curfew the rally itself was in violation of lockdown rules. that wraps it up for this busy news hour i'll be back with updates in 30 minutes hope to see that. has changed american lives but pharmaceutical companies have a miraculous solution. based drugs for the people who are chronic pain and believe that their opioid prescription is working for them and the remedy be said to to the price that they pay was their dependency and addiction to opiates to long term use that really isn't scientifically justified and i'll study actually suggested that the long term effects might not just be absence of benefit but actually that very night because a long term. is you'll be d. a reflection of reality. in the world transformed. what will make you feel safe. isolation whole community. are you going the right way or are you being led. away. what is true what is faith. in the world corrupted you need to descend. to join us in the depths. or remain in th

available in the 2nd half of the year which shows the start of the campaign was botched grim images from nuremberg because the realities of covert 19 as seen in pictures of 5 refrigerated containers at a crime a tory 'd him in the bavarian city funeral services there of been overwhelmed by the numbers who have succumbed to cold at 19 while in the united kingdom what we're seeing is hotels being. placed on standby in order to take non emergency covert patients as well the health care system creaks under the weight of just how many people are coming to it for help because there's a bit of concern in everyone. listening to. something we didn't expect if we could. reduce support and promote it. all across europe it seems to be a major restrictions being beefed up or extended portugal has said that they will be having a new lockdown italy is going to extend the state of emergency that exists in that country in switzerland the nation it was criticized for keeping ski slopes open over christmas and new year they're going to have to bring in new tougher their regulations in order to tackle the influx or t

demonstrations here in germany against the measures that have been put in place just last weekend in nuremberg the riot police had to be called. well german chancellor angela merkel also defended the vaccination program in germany which had come in for criticism for moving at a pretty much gleg seal pace she said that the right things were being done to ensure that germans got the vaccinations that they needed earlier we heard from again spawn the german health minister said. all people in germany who wanted a vaccination should be able to receive one by the summer of this year well the new measures that were brought in on tuesday they're going to be reviewed again on the 25th of january well be decided if they need to be extended through into february. french court has ruled that the police can record detailed person information relating to activists and protesters in the name of state security trade unions they do say that noting down political and religious beliefs and social media activity in danger is basic freedoms with more his shot at bin ski from powers. france's highest administrativ

demonstrations here in germany against the measures that have been put in place just last weekend in nuremberg the riot police had to be called. well german chancellor angela merkel also defended the vaccination program in germany which had come in for criticism for moving at a pretty much delayed single pace she said that the right things were being done to ensure that germans got the vaccinations that they needed earlier we heard from yen spahn the german health minister said. all people in germany who wanted a vaccination should be able to receive one by the summer of this year well the new measures that were brought in on tuesday they're going to be reviewed again on the 25th of january well be decided if they need to be extended through into february. donald trump has warned t. for activists to stay away from washington ahead of a stop the steel rally by his supporters us president also warders federal officials to treat the n.t. for movement as a terrorist one n.t. for activists have brutally attacked our law abiding friends neighbors and business owners and destroyed historic landmarks

to come out onto the streets of germany to protest against lockdown measures just last weekend in nuremberg the riot police had to turn up. well i'm glad merkel also defended germany's vaccination program on to state have been criticized for being too late silly slow him being rolled out we had heard earlier in the week from health minister yen spawn saying that all germans who wanted a vaccination should be able to have had one by basically the summer this year she said that's moving the the right pace and in the right direction as far as she's concerned these new measures those that were agreed to or. sort of by the leaders of all of germany 16 states will be reviewed again on the 25th of january when they'll decide whether to extend them through into february your life in lockdown continues in germany is detail there by our correspondent in berlin peter of thank you. change of pace now donald trump has warned for activists to stay away from washington ahead of a planned rally of his supporters the u.s. president's also warded federal officials to treat the movement as a terrorist war and

demonstrations here in germany against the measures that have been put in place just last weekend in nuremberg the riot police had to be called. well german chancellor angela merkel also defended the vaccination program in germany which had come in for criticism for moving at a pretty much delayed sealed pace she said that the right things were being done to ensure that germans got the vaccinations that they needed earlier we heard from un spahn the german health minister who said. all people in germany who wanted a vaccination should be able to receive one by the summer of this year well the new measures that were brought in on tuesday they're going to be reviewed again on the 25th of january well be decided if they need to be extended through into february without as our i mean we can you stories are shaping up for now i'll be back with all your latest updates and 30 very happy russian christmas from the r.t. team here in moscow of the season. join me every thursday on the alex simon show and i'll be speaking to guest of the world of politics sports business i'm showbusiness i'll see you the

chief prosecutor at the nuremberg trials. >> biden cabinet nominees are on capitol hill this week forheir confirmation hearings. thursday, on c-span, one hearing for two nominees. the ohio congresswoman marcia fudge for secretary of housing and urban development. cecilia rouse, native for -- nominated for chair of economic advisors. watch live on c-span, on demand at c-span.org, or listen on the c-span radio app. >> earlier today, the biden white house held its first virtual covid-19 briefing with reporters. those taking part included white house covid-19 response court nader jeff science and dr. anthony fauci. there will now be response briefings a few times each week to update reporters and the public. this runs one hour. >> ok. thank you for joining us today. i'm the white house covid coordinator. i had the privilege of being joined by four of america's leading doctors and health experts today. conducting our first covid-19 briefing. i will keep my comments very brief. yesterday, we met with governors and other local leaders to update them on our progress and plans. today, we are h

is so frustrating because actually if you go back a bit in the last century, a lot of talk about nuremberg trials, the 70 fifth anniversary, the first time war crimes were tried in an international tribunal after the second world war. hundreds of thousands, as many as 2 million women in germany and central europe were raped by soviet forces who came to liberate berlin. it was never mentioned. the international community needs to do more. in the 90s there was outrage and president clinton and many people spoke about how terrible this was and should never happen again. if you talk to the women in bosnia, few of the perpetrators, just last week after 26 years conviction, they see that all the time, bumped into them in coffee shops, working in the police force and this is hard to understand, and international tribunal set up. it is they are so frustrated, taking things into their own hands and tap down, every extension, every single precedent, to take notice of these things. these women get 100 men convicted so it is amazing. incredible people are doing things, taking things into their own han