to spy on the united states and commit to her. right, well i mean, you're right we, we have seen a lot of chinese spies wold up who came in through a legal routes on, on student visas and people who came in on, on a scholarly exchange for use this cultural exchange reasons. and that sort of thing, and we're catching on pretty often actually. but we also have have $10000.00 chinese nationals across the southern border, justin's october. and i, i mean, i'm sure you would agree see that? you know, why would you, why would your s, why would your espionage services not for a one or 2 wins to cross that way? i think it's joe notes a very, i mean, the chinese government obviously said that those academies, which were legal, weren't full of spies. but of course now ukrainian immigrants can legally get into the united states. i'm sure you've seen the pictures of neo nazis in ukraine. what threat do they pause as they arrive in the united states? we've seen so many you'd be as well for one thing, you know, again, the distinction between leg

into the united states. and as we discussed a couple of weeks ago the secretary of state even expunged the nazi records of people like werner von brown and some of his fellow nazi scientists so that they could work in us intelligence. and verna von braun and his fellow his team of scientists played a key role in the development of the us space program. but refugees also informed our political life. think of henry kissinger madeleine albright the german political theorist hannah arendt they have played a key role but there are others they've played a cube role in shaping our political life. they've shaped our cultural life think of the actress, marlena dietrich. the hungarian composer bella bartok the austrian composer arnold stormberg and the russian french painter mark sagal but there are many many other refugees that we could highlight refugees have always played an important role in the political economic and cultural life of our nation. but public opinion polls tell us that americans were very concerned a

the united states.>> and trained by this money that the united states is spending on counterterror. that is why we need great investigation into what the united states is doing in burkina faso, mali, niger, guinea, guinea, calling for the closure of the command and for there to be greater relations between the civilian societies in africa and the people of the united states. the united states africa command needs to be removed from africa. the united states africa command has been responsible for part of the sequences of militarism in west africa most of america finally, if you can talk about the u.s., i would say, intensified interest in africa right now, as it tries to compete with russia and even more importantly, china. if you can talk about africa as a kind of proxy for this global competition? >> yes. first of all, the african peoples have been fighting for self-determination. the african peoples have been calling for the unification of africa. the african peoples have been calling for the african

the united states has ever experienced the book over run out. joe biden, melisha the greatest border crisis in u. s. history is out now to have benjamin joins me now from cleveland in the us border states, texas. thank you so much started for coming on. i mean, i'm just start with the fact that the what, what is the scale of the immigration crisis? because normally, i mean, we talk about the fact that the chinese population filled 588002022. and as a shrinking population, the scare in the united states. but your book seems to talk about the fact you need fewer immigrants don't more. which really the point is you need more immigrants, right? well, it depends on what your perspective is. there are people who believe that, you know, laws, immigration laws ought to be followed. and the u. s. is probably one of the only countries in the world where there are a sizable, you know, populations outside us citizens that believe otherwise, that maybe we should just ignore the i n a, the immigration and nationality act in all of the last that or we go out g

to the united states and trying to convince the united states about many people are going along with some of its policy agenda that this will help them to hold on to what they have, hold onto their politicalw autonomy remain here in the cherokee homeland. but yes the economy is changing especially you have more people as the century goes on some social changes and then politically the most profound change politically you see the cherokee nation and leaders forming a central government. the political, traditional political structure of the people is decentralized and tended to be more or less autonomous, different towns and areas connected together, but the towns tended to be able to follow their own policies basically and guide their own affairs. in the early part of the century in response to the united states as a way to try to prevent further loss of land and ultimately to prevent forced deportation to prevent removal you see they are creating a central government that ends up briefly taking it as its capital and in creating that government, they areic attempting to createa politi

and the united states . admitting the fruitfulness of iran's foreign policy in this agreement , short-term agreements are the best alternative to permanent information. mohsen soltani of sed and sima news agency does not want to discuss more details about the release of foreign exchange resources. mr. mohammad qadri, an expert on international issues, is with us in the studio. mr. qadri, i want to ask what exactly we gave in this agreement and what did you get? to serve the noble nation of iran, what was done in this agreement is actually the product of a process of almost two years, which took place between the parties in the form of indirect negotiations , and specifically, 4 prisoners with dual citizenship who live in iran and 4 about the prisoner with iranian dual citizenship . american who is in america about being a prisoner is the main issue of this exchange, and in addition to that, the issue of freeing iran's blocked foreign exchange resources, which was blocked by the direct order of the united sta

what legal ways that for them to come to the united states. do you apply uh for an immigrant visa, or you apply for uh for uh, i'm not talking about crossing the border. i'm talking about applying to become a resident of the united states. it takes time. it costs money. uh, there's not a guarantee that you will be accepted, it does, it is a pay, i get it, but it's just not much different than if you were to apply to become a citizen of germany or australia or any other country, south africa, wherever canada, you can become a refugee, you can enter as a refugee apply as a refugee. i go through reading, there are lots of legal way. you don't think there's the joining build something to kind of triggered southern or yeah, susan, learn in build pressure this against people south of the rio grande though. i mean, obviously the ukranian can get or an irish press and can get that legal residency much quicker than a person from a country. originally there was actively, uh, uh, in economic war with the united states one sided economic war caused by the

the decision in texas versus the united states. the supreme court said states don't have the ability to challenge arrest and detention of aliens, but if the by the administration were to give benefits to aliens that they did deserve, then we will consider that. congress makes the rules as it relates to alien admissions. it comes from the naturalization clause of the constitution. it has been black letter law for 140 years. all of these things that the biden administration is doing his undercover -- undercutting the representatives in congress. >> so the administration can create its own immigration law then comply with it. >> exactly. >> thank you all for coming, thank those who are watching this on c-span. this will be on our website for those who want to see if there. we are on twitter as well. thank you and we hope you come to our next event. [applause] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [indiscernible conversations] [captions co

china demonstrates that the united states is where the united states and the war in iraq , afghanistanria are. and they are calming down. and for in order to continue this algorithm, they need new international victories , including the appeasement of ukraine and russia, it would be an extraordinary strengthening of the image of china, and i think that they will play a certain role here and will compete, they are already competing if they came out with their twelve step by step, they were silent for a year and did not appear. we did not see them interfering in the war . there were some statements. there were separate statements. yes, humanitarian aid. 40 million for humanitarian aid . er, the balance of power shifted in the direction of ukraine. when ukraine demonstrated that it can defeat russia and russia can lose , that's when they got involved and came out with their twelve points in order to stop this process so that there is no destruction of the whole of russia , they will definitely compete, this says they say the statement that was made by official chinese officials who said t

defend themselves and keep as much land as they can for the tribal citizens but really thought the united statesying to absorb it into itself. that's in essence of land allotment really sets up indian territories which become the state of oklahoma which is what happened. and they established that these reservations still exist and never stopped existing but is still is not an original planet of the five tribes and never be any american settlement and indian territory at all. rose: so the next question that i want to ask us to about the relationship about black people and native peoples relationship and living up to today. somebody asked question q&a and the question i want to ask is why did native and black people take on these problematic protections of each other and hear more about how that ties to colonialism. sort of ties to what was asked in the chat about assimilation. i think specifically about you use the word choice, saying that indigenous people could've chose to assimilate into white norms rather than heart so i wonder if you could talk more about how these problematic perspectives d

the scare in the united states. but your book seems to talk about the fact you need fewer immigrants don't more. which really the point is you need more immigrants, right? well, it depends on what your perspective is. there are people who believe that, you know, laws, immigration laws ought to be followed. and the u. s. is probably one of the only countries in the world where there are a sizable, you know, populations outside us citizens that believe otherwise, that maybe we should just ignore the i n a, the immigration and nationality act in all of the last that or when we go out globally, towards so, i mean, no one thinks america, i mean, you say in the book americans, you're going to be a nation of legal immigrants that your, a 9 year old homeland security intelligence career informs you of use. would start with that abiding, believe that america occupies the moral high ground as a nation of little. i mean, no one around the world thinks the united states is about law. so if we, i mean, that's nothing serious is

the centers for disease control and prevention in the united states reported that last year in the united states, an unprecedented number of people died by suicide. caused by suicide at least 49,449 people, that is, 15 people per 100,000 people, have been announced . compared to the previous record number of suicides recorded in 2018, this statistic shows a 5% increase, according to the senior vice president of research of the american foundation for suicide prevention. he considered the growth of weapons as one of the main factors in the suicide crisis in america, as you heard in the first package of short news in pakistan, the government and the parliament have been dissolved, now the interim prime minister has come to work to review the latest developments in pakistan . established and from salam to salam dear colleagues and viewers, the program witnessed political instability from the removal of imran khan to the trial and conviction in the pakistani court . now the dissolved parliament has elected the interim prime minister. what is the political situation in pakistan? he was elected

voices have been heard in the united states that they say why should we pay all the debts to the states. change and tolerate and i want to separate if you give this back to america, there is a danger of collapse for the united states of america too, let's have a very precise time, iran has become an official member of mix and we are waiting to see when the works and blessings of the city of different areas will be bestowed on our country, and of course , how the progressive path will be defined as a good knitting hook for 206, suitable for 10 years, considering that several new directorates of x will be transferred to the russian federation in 2024, and the gravity in kazan , the individual face, the ministry of industry and related institutions , bring new members, plans, ideas, and dense for new goods for convergence. we will quickly form a special operational headquarters for the summit next, we need to complete the necessary infrastructure. after the most important mission of the sheriff in boxing for us, the mission is the transit discussion, and the next point is that the politica

but the idea that the united states should this engaged to me just smacks of the united states was at war with itself, arguably for centuries before. and obviously since independence as you delineated in your book, 11 obvious question. i know we were actually in the anniversary 79 years since the world, a massacre. $50000.00 dead, stefan mendera the hero. a celebrated in case of today. he was responsible for that in poland on the 12th of august, 1944. no mention of that in this book. is there a problem with working at the brookings institution, knowing that northrop grumman spend so much funding? your salary is lockheed martin x on mobiles, chaperone bank of america, microsoft and google pen pentagon contract as well. would you feel no influence a tool knowing that your salary comes from the ons contract? is the benefit from the recycling of the us public money through the dead and wounded of ukraine into their bank accounts as well. if you read my writings over 30 years, you will see i have often opposed weapon systems, often oppose defense budget increases. often opposed wars. and b

innocent iranian prisoners who were illegally detained by the united states will be temporarily detained. in this statement, it is stated that the prisoners wanted by the united states are still in iran. news sources reported that a massive explosion occurred in an ammunition depot near the base of the american occupying forces in eastern syria. according to the sputnik news agency, a massive explosion occurred in a warehouse of weapons and ammunition belonging to the so-called democratic syrian forces in the oil-rich city of ersadi, located in the south of haskeh province in eastern syria, and in the vicinity of one of the most important illegal bases of the american military. local sources announced that the shrapnel caused by this terrible explosion hit the american military base in shadi . there is a possibility of human casualties and material damage at the place of the explosion . the ceo of imam khomeini airport city has allocated six thousand car parking spaces for free to pilgrims. during the days of arbaeen, he informed and said that during the days of arbaeen, the parking lots

, no one in the united states history, no one isi united states history, no one is said that — unitedde to look into _ said that opportunity. you tell me, decide to look into justice - said that opportunity. you tell me, j decide to look into justice system? ithink— decide to look into justice system? i think the — decide to look into justice system? i think the average _ decide to look into justice system? i think the average voter _ decide to look into justice system? i think the average voter will - decide to look into justice system? i think the average voter will say i i think the average voter will say yes _ i think the average voter will say es, ., .. " i think the average voter will say es, ., ., " ., , . i think the average voter will say es. ., ., ~ ., , . ., yes. looking at the picture of the court, because _ yes. looking at the picture of the court, because of— yes. looking at the picture of the court, because of the _ yes. looking at the picture of the court, because of the crowds - yes. looking at the picture of the l court, because of the crowds were peering over one an

what would argue that the united states could do the same thing? i mean, like they're still the most powerful country in the world. and rather than trying to fight against history and sort of, you know, holding to this uh, escaping uh, uni polarity, they could, you know, use that and then they just position the, you know, go along with the slow. why do you think they're trying to buy a history rather than trying to harness that? it's um, it's a big issue. i think good. the conception of history is very different in the united states. and there are lots of good scholars, scholars like good, you know, oh, slash politicians, the strategist like george canon replacing it or, or even uh, you know, i mean your summer of. ready chicago, uh they, they, they do scholars, they see that this is a historical trend, i would say, realist. and they treated the international politics so very different from the current. so unfortunately, the realist or most of the marginalized. uh, let me give you one kind of like a example uh back to uh, the clinton times, not, i

next come the cadets of the united states coast guard academy. and men of the marine corps are marched down the broad avenue, which today is the parade ground for every branch of the armed services. the 82 of the flying boxcar i lead one of the greatest air armadas ever to fly over the capitol. more than 700 planes in all. the eye on b, 36 bombers pass overhead. the parade includes not only the military, but is a panorama of american life. the residents home state of missouri has several displays, one of them a wagon drawn by missouri mule. other blows depict the product and scenery of the various dates. this is kentucky, the most president's home state. to date. in texas, floyd moved down the avenue. to the district of columbia. display features reproductions of the capitol and the washington monument at the mouth of the float honoring the early american settlers who landed on the shores of that state. the big hero of uncle sam striding down the avenue. civic business, labor and fraternal organization representing millions of their members from

the mexican authorities always always putting the united states as the united states put the blame on the cartels to explain the drug trafficking issue. if you read very closely these documents that incorporates these high-level meetings between the two governments, i think we can go somewhere. but the budgets and the specific actions have not reached the level to where we have to be at, address and property -- addressing poverty, inequality. >> i have been talking about fentanyl and 70,000 people a year. the drug war in mexico itself has not exactly been a walk in the park. we do not have exact numbers of drug war deaths in mexico. north of 100,000 over the past couple of decades attributable to drug war violence. >> more or less. >> we do not want to be too u.s. centric here. it has been a nightmare in the country. as you pointed out, there is a supply problem and there is a demand problem. when you have demand, there is going to be supply from somewhere. i keep looking for a really hostile question that i can give to jeff. >> i am just the doctor. and just trying to wrap my head ar

articles that i've been reading that seem to suggest that we, our country, yours of mine, the united states is a country that more than ever just needs to be in a state of constant more. and that we saw it with what happened then. obviously in your generation of mine, we lived at the vietnam, vietnam ended, and we started the war on terror. what ever the hell that was, and now that the war on terror has either waned or is waning. we need a new front cuz we just have to be in the state drive. and the new front is china and russia. what do you make of that? i think that's a policy, but i don't think it's the united states. i think this is the financial interest of wall street in the city of london. and i, as in american and you as an american, clearly don't agree with the policies of financial interests that have to quadrillion dollars is becky with the cancer. and in order to protect that, are prepared to destroy the world. not to mention the looting and genocide which they are carrying out and using the word like genocide, it happens to be factually correct. the number of deaths produced by

now in the united states, there is fentanyl taking imported directly to the united states as well well. it seems it's difficult. it's impossible to know exactly when you got this clandestine. but the evidence to point from what i'm seeing much is coming through mexico right now than is directly in the united states or being synthesized in the united states because the quantities, the pure quantities, just look at the numbers you're seeing on southern border of fentanyl seizures there. and, you know, as you mentioned, it's it's catastrophic in recent years, the number of overdose deaths, the united states has basically quadrupled, you know, 70,000, just fentanyl alone. do you see any kind of correlations, maybe kind of unfortunate distinctions between, say, what we call the crack epidemic, epidemic of the 1980s and nineties that disproportionately affected a lot of times urban in a lot of our big cities as. and then it was labeled and as a crime problem as opposed to now maybe we've progressed as a country the fentanyl crisis, other opioids have disproportionately affected more white an

the united states is different. it sees no, uh here. i mean, no, no other culture the, you know, worthy of the same respect as the united states. and the question, my question to you would be here. i know you believe in principal neutrality, but the americans, uh, how many picks up a fight with russia. i think uh now picking up the 5 is china as well, and the pressure on china accelerates not only in terms of uh, discussed functions, but also how military health, what type one would have, you know, that many provocation do you think that kind of principle neutrality would serve china well in the face of ever more, not just the storage of but ever more rest if united states, can you actually picture a bully by being principled in such a way? um, these are 2 from trying these perspectives. the ukraine conflict and the plywood issue are different issues. your client is one of the at least between to see radically independent states which means the sovereignty issue. but a tie was use as being regarded by not only the chinese but also. read

ladies and gentlemen, the honorable nancy pelosi speaker of the united states house of representatives. as speaker of the house, is my privilege to welcome you to the united capitol as we celebrate one of our nation's finest presidents, president harry truman. there's only fitting that this son, independence, missouri, takes his rightful place here in the rotunda of our temple of democracy, the united states capitol. now, at the time at this time, please rise, as you are able for the presentation colors and for the national anthem anthem. oh. oh. oh, say, can you see i'm standing. i'm what's up. oh, really is this time i. whose drives i'm trying. slides on. i'm sorry. oh so god sees. and the rock. bombs bursting. on the eyes and i'm like still. oh say does the stars. oh god no. more than of the dreams and oh oh oh. oh. the ladies and gentlemen, please remain standing for the invocation by senate chaplain dr. barry black. let pray the eternal god creator of great love lives. we praise you for this statue, dedication and that honors the laudable life of harry truman, the 33rd president o

nixon resigned and then the executive vice president he became the president of the united states it r. cropp's remarkable point in this matter that this case is a state case and if mr. trump is the first exception in the history of the united states that he can throw himself, which i said is unprecedented in the 24-year history of the united states in a state case. it will not be possible for him to do something like this and the end of the story of the state of georgia is also a state case like the first case, its fate, its future impact, its impact on the tehran courts, what is the impact of the past , can it still be beneficial for the election , trump is about high drama, well, they are in the atmosphere of now and america made his choice in this way first, intra-party elections will be held in the united states. in the intra-party atmosphere and within the republican party, zahedi has collected several million dollars in financial aid from american voters in recent months in favor of mr. shampoo shun. the republican party has gathered and on the other hand, in the polls of the r

one of his boldest actions as president, president truman ordered the united states to recognize the ally to israel, because he knew that the source of our friendship with israel ran deep. he said in 19 a 52 -- 1952 israel has a glorious future before it. not just as another sovereign nation, but as an embodiment of the great ideals of civilization. this statue reaffirms our unbreakable commitment to israel and other allies which are based upon our shared values and interests. harry truman's lesson number three,ly up to our -- live up to to our values. truman knew that thew fight for freedom would not be restricted to to distant lands. one of his shining moments as president was his commitment to challenging civil rights including in our military. as it was the earlier stated, on january 26th, 1948, president truman signed executive order 9981 which made segregation in our military illegal. fewman understood the importancd the importance of living up to our founding values that we are all created equal. and that is especially true when americans are fighting together many foxholes. le

now, as you mentioned in your past day in the united states, unlike the united states, europe has never been insulated from the interest of conflict. and it gave rise to this very specific diplomatic and political culture which we have already discussed . the european concerns based on the idea of the balance of power balance of interest, as a way to peacefully core exist then ensure and logical most of what you want. if you argue that this way or from diplomacy, this way of 5 or existing was destroyed during the 1st uh or 2 world wars, do you think there's any chance of recreating and as a way to where the 3rd world war perhaps as a result of this well, i think that he's everybody's whole, but should be everybody's hope that there is such a possibility. it right. and indeed an ideal situation would be something like the re emergence of these european concerts. awful, bigger players on the, on an international scale. right. so old does the, including not on the united states and russia, but that also china, india, brazil. and so perhaps other other, other brick got nations. right. of co

this is what you are going to get as president of the united states. the governor of florida enacted 2.5 billion dollars in tax cuts, a record in florida history, and that includes permanent tax exemptions on things like asset stoves. thanks a lot -- things like gas stoves. thanks a lot, joe biden. in florida they prohibited the chinese communist party from purchasing any land in the state. esg, crt, ddi they are all d.o.a. in the state of florida. from the onset, the governor prohibited vaccine passports and mask mandates. child rapists and pedophiles are now eligible for the death penalty in florida. life, the right, the innocence of the unborn are protected and respected in the state of florida. we stand up for second amendment rights. they have been solidified and strengthened. violent protesters who destroyed property and hurt our great law enforcement in the state of florida, if you try to burn down our cities you are going to jail. because at the end of the day we support the men and women of law enforcement. we have your backs. in florida, we w

and maybe even influencing their policy. us stick out and we're talking about foreign policy of united states. and julie massage is a threat to any state that is committing crimes essentially or corruption. and they have the power that we're seeing through the british courts to crush this man. like any tin pot dictated, would do. just one, a reporter i had something they don't like the from in the dungeon. and of course the, me here, the center monia stuff coming out of washington. much more than our london about how these are human rights violations and us as intervene. this is all garbage because they, they intervene for their own strategic and political reasons and economic reasons, not because somebody's talking to someone because the america, so many allies to rod says, 2nd world war, all those dictatorships and latin american saudi arabia, israel, they all are committing great human rights violations. i'm not saying china or isn't, or there are in and restaurants, every country has them, but they just pick and choose. so they use it in a phony way to go after countries saying that they

used in the case of the united states constitutional court. it is possible that with these challenges and obstacles in the way of the former president of the united states, he will complete the puzzle, which will ultimately be in trump's favor. to present a different image of himself because of our previous elections in the position of failure and failures, he was re-elected with a difference , and in fact, this base is about the right of the nationalists and the grays, if you have good bases, he will probably think that he can defeat the democrats in the next election. now, the benefit of introducing any person, defeat him, is here, and the personal aspect of trump seems to never decrease, even when the decision is made about prison and imprisonment, and they say that he may be in prison during the election that you said, when he takes power in the united states. his reaction is that he comes and says a week he said in the past that he will not survive the election and he is managing new reversals in the political scene . what do you think ab

indicate otherwise with the active participation of britain the united states already createdpartite alliance in the asia-pacific region. with australia aucus washingtons. london was so interested in it that they even pushed aside france , which was going to build for the australians. submarines instead of 56 billion euros for french submarines, australia will spend four times more than 230 billion us dollars in the ruling liberal party for the joint production of nuclear submarines with great britain and america. this week , a real riot began, representatives of the trade unions demanded to abandon the costly deal, the government. anthony albomes used all the leverage. in order to defend the controversial agreement in october, the australian prime minister will travel to the united states to discuss the details of this project, of course, this visit is also a valuable opportunity for australia and the united states to build on the aucus agreement we announced in san diego earlier this year, deepening local science and technology research opportunities for even closer defense

doesn't mean that the united states needed one to have a global war on terror. it doesn't necessarily mean that the united should have invaded iraq. but the facts. but. but. but the fears were real. and what i try to do in my book is both to illuminate why policy makers felt fearful and then to examine whether they took appropriate in relationship to the fears that existed. and so my book is both very empathetic, but also, as you know, extremely critical. but it raises the basic question of when there is fear, when there is threat perception, what sorts actions are appropriate. and how to calibrate them in ways that maximum benefits and minimize costs. and i'm very critical of the bush administration for not systematically exam costs and consequence answers of a prospective invasion of iraq. it really remarkable how thought went into that part of it. as you say in your book, we must get this story if we're going to avoid these mistakes. the book is confronting hussein. george w bush and the invasion of iraq melvyn leffler, thank you for being here. thank you. it'

the united states had no armaments industry.ation of national defense. we've been compelled for a permanent industry a fast proportion. added to this three and half million men and women arens directly engaged in the defense we annually spend on military security alone more than the net income of all united states corporations. this conjunction of a military establishment and a large industry in the experience. the total influence, economic, political, even spiritual is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. we recognize the need for this development yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved. so is the very structure of our society. in the councils of government we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought by the military-industrial complex. the potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and willl persist. we must never let the wake of thisan combination are li

the president of the united states announced that the largest state has fallen and the order to send federal financial aid was a price. what is the number of victims? a few minutes ago, i was making a media report, and it announced the statistics of 80 people. on the other hand, in addition to the eight people who died as the cause of death, now there are a large number of people, the significance of their disappearance is ten people, waiting for official sources, on the other hand, due to the spread of the fire . and that many areas have also been destroyed, thousands of people from different parts of iran have been displaced due to the fire . thank you. i spoke with ali rajabi, a reporter of sed and sima news agency in new york . now, the french police after the events of the last two months in this country. accused of involvement in the death of mohammad bandari a young man in marseille was shot by the police during the protests last month in france , according to the report of french tv channel one . the elite unit of the french national police, who were interrogated as witnesses

we annually spend on military security more than the net income of all united state corporations. experience. the total influence, economic, political, even spiritual, is felt in every city, every state house, every office of the federal government. we recognize the imperative need for this development. yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. in the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military, industrial complex. the potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. we must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. we should take nothing for granted. only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together. akin to, and largely responsible for the sweepi

the united states had no armaments industry. american makers of plowshares could with time and as required, make swords as well. but we can no longer risk an emergency improvization of national defense. we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of bad proportions. and to do this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. we annually spend on military security alone more than the net income all united states corporations. corporations. now this conjuncture of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the american experience. the total influence economic, political, even spiritual, is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. we recognize the imperative of need for this development. yet we must not fail to comprehend the grave implications. our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved. so is the very structure of our society in the councils of government. we must ga guard against the acquisit